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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津理工大學(xué)中環(huán)信息學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Youarenow()thebenefitofyourformerthrift.
問題1選項
A.reaping
B.drawing
C.enjoying
D.gaining
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項reaping“收獲,獲得;收割”;B選項drawing“畫;拉;吸引”;C選項enjoying“欣賞,享受;喜愛;使過得快活”;D選項gaining“增加;利潤;收獲;獲得;賺到”。根據(jù)固定搭配gainthebenefit“得到益處/好處”可知該題選gaining。句意:你現(xiàn)在正受益于你以前的節(jié)儉。因此D選項正確。
2.單選題
12.
問題1選項
A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.
B.Sheisunderpressure.
C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.
D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.
【答案】A
【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?
W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說Icertainlyfeltundertheweather,即她覺得身體不適。
3.單選題
Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.
Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.
Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.
Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.
Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.
Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.
Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.
BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.
Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.
AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.
Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.
1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause(
).
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
3.Welearnfromthecouple’sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat
(
).
4.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul
(
).
5.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT(
).
問題1選項
A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.
B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.
C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.
D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.
問題2選項
A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.
B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.
C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.
D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.
問題3選項
A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.
B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.
C.streetmarketsweretheirfavorites.
D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.
問題4選項
A.guidebooksareveryuseful.
B.aprofessionalguideisamust.
C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.
D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.
問題5選項
A.religiousprayers.
B.historicalbuildings.
C.local-stylemarkets.
D.shoppingmallboutiques.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。本題是問這對夫妻選擇伊斯坦布爾作為它們的度假目的地的主要原因。從第一段內(nèi)容與第二段開頭“Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear.我們把這次旅行想象成更多異國情調(diào)之旅的前奏,也許今年晚些時候會去新德里或曼谷”一句可以知道這家人打算選擇一個較為陌生但又與家較近的地方作為旅游目的地。C選項‘這個城市介于熟悉和陌生之間’正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。本題是問選項中哪一項敘述是錯誤的。由文章第四段中的“...butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson.但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)旅游區(qū)非常安全,非常有趣,而且種類繁多,甚至適合我們的兒子?!币痪淇芍?dāng)他們到達伊斯坦布爾旅行之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)這里和旅行之前所了解到的信息是不一樣的,所以A選項“這家人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個城市和他們設(shè)想中的是一樣的”錯誤,符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。本題是問我們可以從這對夫妻的購物經(jīng)歷中了解到什么。由文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對于我們兩個人來說,他們的購物經(jīng)驗包括百貨公司和購物中心的精品店,當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價還價的時候,你可能會以一件東西的價格買到兩件東西,這讓我很驚訝。”一句可知D選項‘在自己國內(nèi)的購物習(xí)慣更傾向于選擇流行時尚和知名品牌’正確。
4.推理判斷題。本題是問最后兩段內(nèi)容表明在伊斯坦布爾游覽名勝的情況…。由文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.沒有導(dǎo)游,所以只能自己動手,用我們的導(dǎo)游手冊,這讓我們錯過了很多專業(yè)導(dǎo)游能提供的有趣的歷史和軼事?!盉選項‘專業(yè)的指南是必不可少的’正確。
5.推理判斷題。本題是問在伊斯坦布爾,除…外,這家人在伊斯坦布爾見過或參觀過以下所有地方。綜合上下文,A選項在倒數(shù)第四段提及,B,C選項在第六,七段提及,而從文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對于我們兩個人來說,他們的購物經(jīng)驗包括百貨公司和購物中心的精品店,當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價還價的時候,你可能會以一件東西的價格買到兩件東西,這讓我很驚訝?!贝_定shoppingmallboutiques是這家人在國內(nèi)的購物點,而不是在伊斯坦布爾,所以符合題意,D選項正確。
4.單選題
Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas(
)inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.
問題1選項
A.explicit
B.implicit
C.internal
D.immoral
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項explicit“明確的,清楚的”;B選項implicit“含蓄的,暗示的”;C選項internal“內(nèi)部的”;D選項immoral“不道德的”。
句意:她沒有公開抨擊這個計劃,但她沒有說任何支持這個計劃的話,這就暗示了她的反對。選項B符合句意。
5.單選題
Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich()thetraffic.
問題1選項
A.setback
B.stoodback
C.heldup
D.keptdown
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。setback“推遲,使受…挫折”;standback“退后,往后站”;holdup“舉起,阻攔”;keepdown“控制,鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意:路上的一個大洞阻礙了交通。C項符合題意。
6.單選題
TheGovernment'spolicieswillcomeunderclose(
)intheweeksbeforetheelection.
問題1選項
A.appreciation
B.scrutiny
C.specification
D.apprehension
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。appreciation“欣賞,感謝”;scrutiny“審查,細(xì)看”;specification“規(guī)格,說明書”;apprehension“理解”。句意:選舉前的幾周,政府的政策將會接受詳細(xì)審查。由Government’spolicies及close“嚴(yán)密的”可知B項“審查”能與之搭配。答案B
7.單選題
Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways().
問題1選項
A.favorable
B.predictable
C.dependable
D.reasonable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項favorable“有利的,良好的”;B選項predictable“可預(yù)測的”;C選項dependable“可靠的,可信賴的”;D選項reasonable“合理的”。句意:隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化,結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測的。選項B符合語境。
8.單選題
Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”
A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.
WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.
Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.
Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.
Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.
“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.
Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.
Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.
Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”
Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”
TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.
Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.
“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.
Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.
Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.
“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”
Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.
1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat().
2.JulesLodish().
3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT
().
4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe().
5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?
問題1選項
A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly
B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually
C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates
D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured
問題2選項
A.wantstocommitsuicide
B.supportsanOregonlaw
C.determinedtolivelonger
D.isbecomingunconscious
問題3選項
A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare
B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness
C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem
D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound
問題4選項
A.ishavingexperthelp
B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease
C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices
D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople
問題5選項
A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.
B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.
C.Providingmedicalconsultation.
D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle(A.L.S是一種漸進性的麻痹性疾病,幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動)”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.(肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥,常被描述為一種活死人。身體會變得松弛,而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識。)”,由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥使肌肉病變會有一個循序漸進的過程。A選項“使人立即癱瘓”說法錯誤;B選項“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動”符合題意;C選項“在美國是高度傳染性的”和D選項“是由基因決定的,不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.(但當(dāng)人們問洛迪什對自己的生活有何感想時,他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強烈感,他回答說:我仍然期待著。)”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.(但對于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人,人們卻知之甚少。)”,由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥折磨,但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài),對生活充滿期待,決定好好生活與病魔抗?fàn)幍降住選項“想自殺”說法錯誤;B選項“支持俄勒岡州一項(允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的)法律”文章沒有提到;C選項“決心活得更長”符合題意;D選項“正在變得失去意識”說法錯誤。因此C選項正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…(專家說,讓許多病人活下來的,是一種未完的事業(yè)感……)”;第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.(那些做得最好的病人是那些擁有涵蓋護理和醫(yī)療護理的保險,使他們能夠避免一些與疾病相關(guān)的主要健康風(fēng)險的人,以及那些家庭成員在得不到專家?guī)椭鷷r可以支付時間的人。)”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem(許多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰,這些信仰幫助他們維持生命)”,因此A選項“他們有涵蓋護理和醫(yī)療的保險”;B選項“他們有一種未完的事業(yè)感”以及C選項“他們有強烈的宗教信仰來支持他們”在文中都有提到,只有D選項“他們從周圍的人那里得到了強大的精神支持”文章沒有提及,因此D選項正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.(這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系,讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。)”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell(具有諷刺意味的是,我現(xiàn)在和很多人交流的次數(shù)比我健康時還多)”,由此可知Dr.Lodish與病魔作斗爭是通過經(jīng)常與他人溝通交流,分享生命中的點滴。A選項“正在接受專家的幫助”;B選項“知道如何對付這種疾病”;C選項“配備了先進的設(shè)備”都不是主要原因,只有D選項“經(jīng)常與他人交流”符合題意,因此D選項正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.(他設(shè)計了自己復(fù)雜而詳細(xì)的治療方案。)”;第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…(這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系,讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。他繼續(xù)提供醫(yī)療咨詢……)”,由此可知B選項“制定自己的治療方案”;C選項“提供醫(yī)療咨詢”和D選項“與許多人交流”說法正確,文章都有提及,而A選項“治療了很多癌癥患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.(洛迪什說,他自己想活下去的決心,在一定程度上來自于他長期治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗,這些患者常常覺得確診就等于判了死刑。)”,該段落只說了Dr.Lodish想活下去的決心來自治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗,并沒有直接說他治療了很多癌癥患者,因此A選項符合題意,A選項正確。
9.單選題
Theinterconnectionintheglobalfinancialsystemmeansthatifonenation()onitssovereigndebtorentersintorecessionthatplacessomeoftheexternalprivatedebtatriskaswell,thebankingsystemofcreditornationsfacelosses.
問題1選項
A.accounts
B.defaults
C.bailouts
D.switches
【答案】B
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。account“認(rèn)為”;default“拖欠,不履行”;bailout“緊急救助、跳傘”;switch“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意:全球金融體系的互聯(lián)互通意味著如果一個國家的主權(quán)債務(wù)違約拖欠,或陷入衰退,導(dǎo)致部分外部私人債務(wù)也面臨風(fēng)險,債權(quán)國的銀行體系將面臨損失。選項B符合題意。
10.填空題
YouandIdon’tneedanyoneelse’sassistance.Wecansolvetheseproblemsby(
).
句意:我和你都不需要其它任何人的幫助。我們靠我們自己可以解決問題。
【答案】ourselves
【解析】固定搭配。byourselves依靠自己獨立完成。
11.單選題
Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall()inallthree.
問題1選項
A.rare
B.lacking
C.short
D.scarce
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的;稀薄的;半熟的”;lacking“缺乏的;沒有的;不足的”;short“短的;不足的;矮的”;scarce“缺乏的;不足的;稀有的”,這四個詞是同義詞,都有“缺乏的”的意思,但是這里fallshort是一個固定搭配,表示“不足;缺乏”。句意:當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為成功的人具有智慧、強健的體魄和好運時,我們只是在為我們……以上三種因素而找借口。故正確答案為選項C。
12.單選題
Justabout40%ofemployeesandmanagersinaNorthAmericansurveysaidtheyknowhowtheycanincreasetheirbasepayorcashbonuses.Theresultssuggestemployerslosemuchofthevalueofthepayraisesandbonusestheydistributebynotcommunicatingeffectively.“Manyemployeesandmanagerssimplydon’tunderstandwhytheygetpaidwhattheydo,”pointsoutRobHeneman,professorofmanagementandhumanresources,OhioStateUniversity,Columbus.“Businessescan’tgetagoodreturnoftheircompensationinvestmentifpeopledon’tunderstandhowtheirpayisdetermined.”
Thesurveyofmorethan6,000managersandemployeesin26organizationsintheU.S.andCanadashowedthatemployeesandmanagersfelttheiremployersdidagoodjobexplainingtheirperformanceobjectivesandthewaytheirperformanceismeasured.Theywereunclear,though,abouthowperformancewasrelatedtopay.Surprisingly,employeesreportedtheyknewmoreaboutstockoptionsattheircompaniesandhowtheyaredeterminedthanhowbasepayis.However,theresultsshowedthatbasepayknowledgeplaysalargerroleinoverallpaysatisfactionthandootherformsofcompensation,suchasbonuses.Employeeswhohadhigherlevelsofpayknowledgeshowedgreateroverallpaysatisfaction,which,inturn,waslinkedtohigherlevelsofretention(聘用)commitmenttothecompany,andeventrustinmanagement.Inotherwords,Henemanemphasizes,ensuringthatemployeesunderstandtheirpayisgoodforacompany’sbottomline.
Hefeelsthatcorporatecultureisoftenamajorproblemindealingwiththelackofpayknowledgeamongworkers.Inmanycompanies,itisconsideredtaboo—orevenexplicitlyforbidden—todiscussmattersdealingwithsalary.Inlieuof(代替)disclosingactualpayamountsofemployeestootherswithinthecompany,managementcanprovidemoreinformationaboutpaypracticesandpolicies,suchastheprocessusedtodeterminesalary,andtheaverageofraisesinaparticularyear.Workerswantmorethangeneralities;theywanttoknowhowpaypoliciesapplytotheirparticularsituation,Henemanpointsout.Thatoftenmeansmanagersneedtositdownwiththeiremployeesone-on-one.
1.WhatdoestheNorthAmericanSurveymainlysuggest?
2.Theemployersofmanycompaniesfailedto______.
3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorinoverallpaysatisfaction?
4.Theemployeeswhounderstandandaresatisfiedwiththeirpaywould______.
5.Whatcanemployersdotohelptheiremployeesknowbetterhowpayisdetermined?
問題1選項
A.Iftheemployersmaketheirpaypolicyknownbetter,thecompanywouldgetmoreinreturn.
B.Iftheemployersmaketheirpaypolicyknownbetter,theywouldgetpayraisesandbonuses.
C.Iftheemployeesknowmoreaboutthepaypolicyofthecompany,theywouldgetmore.
D.Iftheemployeesknowmoreaboutthepaypolicyofthecompany,theywouldbecomeoneinthemanagement.
問題2選項
A.explainwhattheirperformanceobjectiveswere
B.explainthewayperformancewasmeasured
C.explainthewayperformancewasrelatedtopay
D.explainhowperformancewasrelatedtopromotion
問題3選項
A.Stockoptions.
B.Bonuses.
C.Corporateculture.
D.Basepay.
問題4選項
A.bewillingtoremaininthebottomline
B.bewillingtobeloyalanddedicatedtothecompany
C.beensuredthattheirpayisjustified
D.beensuredthattheiremployersareworthwhile
問題5選項
A.Theycanshatterthetaboobyencouragingdiscussionaboutsalarymattersamongtheemployees.
B.Theycandisclosepayamountsofemployeestootherswithinthecompany.
C.Theycantalkwithindividualemployeeabouthowpaypoliciesapplytohisparticularsituation.
D.Theycantellallemployeesthetotalofraisesinaparticularyear.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Theresultssuggestemployerslosemuchofthevalueofthepayraisesandbonusestheydistributebynotcommunicatingeffectively.(結(jié)果表明,由于沒有進行有效溝通,雇主失去了他們所發(fā)放的加薪和獎金的大部分價值。),說明因為雇主沒有良好地向員工傳達企業(yè)的薪酬政策,所以無法獲得良好的薪酬投資回報。因此A選項“如果雇主更好地宣傳他們的薪酬政策,公司會得到更多的回報”正確。B選項“如果雇主讓他們的薪酬政策更廣為人知,他們就會得到加薪和獎金”,原文說的是只有少部分員工知道如何獲得加薪和獎金,所以B錯誤。C選項“如果員工更了解公司的薪酬政策,他們會得到更多”,D選項“如果員工更了解公司的薪酬政策,他們就會成為管理層中的一員”在文中沒有提及,所以C,D錯誤。
2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Theywereunclear,though,abouthowperformancewasrelatedtopay.(不過,他們不清楚績效與薪酬之間的關(guān)系。),說明許多雇主沒有解釋清楚績效與薪酬之間的關(guān)系。因此C選項“解釋績效與薪酬的關(guān)系”正確。A選項“解釋他們的績效目標(biāo)是什么”,B選項“解釋衡量業(yè)績的方式”,由原文可知,雇主在解釋業(yè)績目標(biāo)和衡量業(yè)績的方式方面做得很好,所以A,B錯誤。D選項“解釋績效與晉升的關(guān)系”在文中沒有提及,所以D錯誤。
3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四句However,theresultsshowedthatbasepayknowledgeplaysalargerroleinoverallpaysatisfactionthandootherformsofcompensation,suchasbonuses.(然而,研究結(jié)果顯示,基本工資知識對總體薪酬滿意度的影響要大于獎金等其他形式的薪酬。),說明整體薪酬滿意度中最重要的因素是基本工資。因此D選項“基本工資”正確。A選項“股票期權(quán)”,B選項“獎金”,C選項“企業(yè)文化”均不符合題意,所以A,B,C錯誤。
4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Employeeswhohadhigherlevelsofpayknowledgeshowedgreateroverallpaysatisfaction,which,inturn,waslinkedtohigherlevelsofretentioncommitmenttothecompany,andeventrustinmanagement.(薪酬知識水平較高的員工總體薪酬滿意度更高,這反過來又與對公司的保留承諾更高,甚至與對管理層的信任程度更高有關(guān)。),說明了解并對自己的薪酬感到滿意的員工會對公司更加忠誠和信任。因此B選項“愿意對公司忠誠和奉獻”正確。A選項“愿意留在底線中”,C選項“被確保他們的薪酬是合理的”,D選項“被確保他們的雇主是有價值的”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,C,D錯誤。
5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后兩句Workerswantmorethangeneralities;theywanttoknowhowpaypoliciesapplytotheirparticularsituation,Henemanpointsout.Thatoftenmeansmanagersneedtositdownwiththeiremployeesone-on-one.(亨曼指出,員工想要的不僅僅是一般性的信息;他們想知道薪酬政策如何適用于他們的具體情況。這往往意味著管理人員需要與員工一對一地坐下來談。),說明雇主可以通過和員工一對一談話來幫助他們更好地了解薪酬政策。因此C選項“他們可以與員工單獨討論薪資政策如何適用于他的特殊情況”正確。A選項“他們可以通過鼓勵員工之間討論工資問題來打破禁忌”,由原文可知,在許多公司談?wù)摴べY問題是明確禁止的,打破禁忌并不能幫助員工更好地了解薪酬政策,所以A錯誤。B選項“他們可以向公司內(nèi)部的其他人披露員工的工資數(shù)額”,由原文可知,比起向公司內(nèi)部其他人披露員工的實際薪酬,管理層有其他可以公布的有效信息,所以B錯誤。D選項“他們可以告訴所有員工某一年的加薪總額”,原文說的是特定年份的平均加薪幅度,而不是加薪總額,所以D錯誤。
13.單選題
Thekeyelementtosuccessfulinterviewingisnotyourexperience,yourgrades,whatclassesyoutook,yourextracurricularactivities,oranyoftheotherbasicnecessities.Thoseskillsarewhatgotyoutheinterview.Thekeyelementtosuccessfulinterviewingcanbesummedupinoneword:attitude.Ifyouwanttoriseaboveotherswithbetterexperience,bettergrades,orbetteranything,youwillneedtoworkondevelopingahighlypositiveworkattitude.
Yourattitudedetermineswhetheryouwill“makethecut”orbediscarded.Remember,thereareplentyofcompetitorswiththeabilitytodoalmostanygivenjob—especiallyattheentrylevel.
Thewaymostemployersdifferentiateattheentrylevelisbycandidates’attitudestowardthejob.Yourattitudeisoftenwhatrecruiterswillrememberwhenthedusthassettledafterreviewingten,twenty,orevenonehundredcandidates—theonewhowassincerelywillingtoputforthhisverybesteffort.Ifyouhavetheattitudeofwantingtodoyourverybestforthecompany,ofbeingfocusedonthecompany’sneeds,ofputtingyourselfforthasthepersonwhowillbecommittedanddedicatedtofulfillingtheirneeds,youwilllikelybetheonechosen.’
Whyisattitudesoimportant?Becausemostcompaniesalreadyhavetheirfallshareofmulti-talentedsuperstarswhocareaboutnoonebutthemselves.Askanymanagerwhothemostvaluablememberofhisteamis,andhewillpointnottotheoverratedsuperstar,buttothepersonwhohasthe‘cando’attitude,thepersonwhocanbecountedoninanysituation,thepersonwhotrulystrivesforexcellence.Givemeateamplayerwhoisachievingat99%andIwilltakeheroveraflashysuperstarwhoisrunningat50%efficiencyanydayoftheweek.Andsowill99%ofallhiringmanagers.
Sodon’tworryifyouarenot“superstar”quality.Ifyoucanshowmeinyourwordsandactions,thatyouarereadytoputforthyourverybestefforttowardachievingexcellence,youwillbechosenoverthesuperstar.Youcanshowyourwinningattitudeinthewayyoupresentyourself.Incorporatetheactualwords“positive“excellence,”and“strivingtobethebest”intoyourinterviewlanguage.Thenshowbyyourstoriesandexampleshowthesewordspositivelyaffectyourlife.Showmewhenandwhereandhowyouhaveputforthextraeffortaboveandbeyondthecallofduty.Showmehowyoubeatadeadline,howyouexcelledinaproject,orhowyoumadeadifferencebygoingtheextramile.Ifyoucanshownie,bywordsandexamples,your“cando”attitude,itisyouIwillhire,whileallofthesuperstarswillreceivepoliterejectionletterstoaddtotheirgrowi
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