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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原理工大學(xué)現(xiàn)代科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題
TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.
Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.
(1)Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.
(2)Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?(3)
Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.
Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”
Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)(4)
Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.
(5)Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.
【答案】1.當(dāng)然,他們找不到哪怕一點證據(jù)表明以上的傷害與失去政府援助給窮人造成的傷害有任何可比性。
2.第三個,也是與此密切相關(guān)的,旨在減輕我們對窮人的責(zé)任的設(shè)計,是公共援助措施對激勵產(chǎn)生不利影響的論點。
3.您真的相信我們這個時代的大人物們,比如說公司的法人或者總經(jīng)理,會因為賺的少而整日游手好閑,不思工作嗎?這是對美國商人,特別是努力工作的商人們的誹謗。信念可以是真理的仆從,也可以是便利的仆從。
4.無可爭辯的是,沒有任何一種對人的壓迫和對思想努力的束縛更甚于來自身無分文的壓迫和束縛。
5.我們常聽到當(dāng)富人抱怨他們的自由因征稅導(dǎo)致收入減少而受限,卻不曾聽到因為得到可花之錢而顯著提高了窮人的自由的消息。
2.單選題
ComedianGeorgeCarlinhasaroutineinwhichhetalksabouthowhumansseemtospendtheirlivesaccumulating“stuff”.Oncethey’vegatheredenoughstuff,theyhavetofindplacestostoreallofit.IfCarlinweretoupdatethatroutinetoday,hecouldmakethesame(1)aboutcomputerinformation.Itseemsthateveryonewithacomputerspendsalotoftimeacquiringdataandthentryingtofindawayto(2)it.
Forsomecomputerowners,findingenoughstoragespacetoholdallthedatathey’veacquiredisarealchallenge.Somepeopleinvestinlargerharddrives.Othersprefer(3)storagedeviceslikethumbdrivesorcompactdiscs.Desperatecomputerownersmightdeleteentirefoldersworthofoldfilesinordertomakespacefornewinformation.(4)somearechoosingtorelyonagrowingtrend:cloudstorage.
Whilecloudstoragesoundslikeithassomethingtodowithweather(5)andstormsystems,itreallyreferstosavingdata(6)anoff-sitestoragesystemmaintainedbyathirdparty.(7)storinginformationtoyourcomputer’sharddriveorotherlocalstoragedevice,yousaveittoaremotedatabase.TheInternetprovidestheconnectionbetweenyourcomputerandthedatabase.
Onthesurface,cloudstoragehasseveraladvantages(8)traditionaldatastorage.Forexample,ifyoustoreyourdataonacloudstoragesystem,you’llbeabletogettothatdatafromanylocationthathasInternetaccess.You(9)needtocarryarounda(10)storagedeviceorusethesamecomputertosaveand(11)yourinformation.Withtherightstoragesystem,youcouldevenallowotherpeopletoaccessthedata,turningapersonalprojectintoa(12)effort.
Socloudstorageisconvenientandoffersmore(13),buthowdoesitwork?
Therearehundredsofdifferentcloudstoragesystems.Somehaveaveryspecific(14),suchasstoringWebe-mailmessagesordigitalpictures.Othersare(15)tostoreallformsofdigitaldata.Somecloudstoragesystemsaresmalloperations,whileothersaresolargethatthephysicalequipmentcanfill(16)anentirewarehouse.Thefacilitiesthat(17)loudstoragesystemsarecalleddatacenters.
Atitsmostbasiclevel,acloudstoragesystemneedsjustonedataserver(18)totheInternet.Aclient,e.g.acomputerusersubscribingtoacloudstorageservicesendscopiesoffilesovertheInternettothedataserver,whichthenrecordstheinformation.Whentheclientwishestoretrievetheinformation,heorsheaccessesthedataserverthroughaWeb-basedinterface.Theservertheneithersendsthefilesbacktotheclientorallowstheclienttoaccessandmanipulatethefilesontheserveritself.
Cloudstoragesystemsgenerallyrelyonhundredsofdataservers.Becausecomputers(19)requiremaintenanceorrepair,it’simportanttostorethesameinformationonmultiplemachines.Thisiscalledredundancy.Withoutredundancy,acloudstoragesystemcouldn’t(20)clientsthattheycouldaccesstheirinformationatanygiventime.Mostsystemsstorethesamedataonserversthatusedifferentpowersupplies.Thatway,clientscanaccesstheirdataevenifonepowersupplyfails.
問題1選項
A.examination
B.observation
C.inspection
D.acquaintance
問題2選項
A.store
B.update
C.process
D.calculate
問題3選項
A.internal
B.portable
C.local
D.external
問題4選項
A.But
B.While
C.And
D.So
問題5選項
A.forecast
B.report
C.fronts
D.system
問題6選項
A.onto
B.to
C.in
D.upon
問題7選項
A.Apartfrom
B.Otherthan
C.Insteadof
D.Regardlessof
問題8選項
A.than
B.except
C.for
D.over
問題9選項
A.shouldn’t
B.wouldn’t
C.mustn’t
D.couldn’t
問題10選項
A.physical
B.substantial
C.tangible
D.local
問題11選項
A.store
B.share
C.access
D.retrieve
問題12選項
A.comprehensive
B.collaborative
C.coordinated
D.combining
問題13選項
A.opportunity
B.chance
C.convenience
D.favor
問題14選項
A.focus
B.purpose
C.use
D.operation
問題15選項
A.available
B.capable
C.applicable
D.desirable
問題16選項
A.in
B.up
C.for
D.into
問題17選項
A.hold
B.save
C.house
D.run
問題18選項
A.connecting
B.connected
C.connect
D.beingconnected
問題19選項
A.probably
B.inconveniently
C.invariably
D.occasionally
問題20選項
A.ensure
B.promise
C.assure
D.guarantee
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:C
第8題:D
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:D
第12題:B
第13題:C
第14題:A
第15題:A
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:D
第19題:B
第20題:A
【解析】1.考查固定搭配。examination考試;observation觀察;inspection檢查;acquaintance泛泛之交。makeanobservationaboutsth.,就某事發(fā)表看法。選項B符合要求。
2.考查動詞辨析。store儲存;update更新;process加工;calculate計算。聯(lián)系上文,與前文“tostoreallofit”對應(yīng)。句意:試圖找到儲存它的方式。
3.
考查形容詞辨析。internal內(nèi)部的;portable便捷的;local地方的;external外部的;下文“thumbdrivesorcompactdiscs”(拇指驅(qū)動器或光盤),這些都是外部的存儲設(shè)備,選項D符合要求。
4.
考查邏輯連接詞。But但是,表轉(zhuǎn)折;while然而,表讓步;And并且,表遞進(jìn);So因此,表因果。根據(jù)上下文可判斷出本句前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項A符合要求。
5.
考查固定搭配。forecast預(yù)報;report報道;fronts前面;鋒面;system系統(tǒng)。weatherfronts為固定搭配,意為“前鋒,鋒面”。
6.
固定用法。save...to...,意為“將……存儲到……上”。句意:將數(shù)據(jù)保存到異地存儲系統(tǒng)上。
7.
考查邏輯連接詞。本句前后的邏輯關(guān)系是對比關(guān)系。apartfrom“遠(yuǎn)離,除……之外”;otherthan“除了,不同于”,一般不用于句首;insteadof“代替”;regardlessof“不管,不顧”。選項C符合句意。
8.考查介詞辨析。than比……;except除了;for為了……;over超過。句意:云儲存有一些超過傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)儲存的優(yōu)勢。選項D符合句意。
9.
考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。Couldn’t表示不能;wouldn’t表示不會;Shouldn’t表示不應(yīng)該,語氣比較委婉;mustn’t表示禁止,語氣比較強烈。選項B項符合要求。
10.
考查固定用法。physical物理的;substantial巨大的;tangible有形的;local本地的,地方的。Physicalstoragedevice為固定用法,意思為“物理存儲器”。
11.
考查動詞辨析。store儲存;share分享;access獲得,得到;retrieve檢索,恢復(fù),取回。句意:不必用同一臺電腦存儲和獲取信息。retrieve“恢復(fù),重新得到”。選項D符合句意。
12.
考查形容詞辨析。comprehensive“綜合的”,collaborative“合作的”,coordinated“協(xié)同的”,combining“混合的”。句意:將個人項目轉(zhuǎn)化為多個人努力。選項B符合句意。
13.
考查名詞辨析。opportunity“時機”,chance“機會”,convenience“便利”,favor“幫助,贊成”;句意:云儲存能提供更多的便利。選項C符合句意。
14.
考查名詞辨析。focus“焦點,關(guān)注”;purpose“目的,用途”;use“使用,用途”;operation“操作,經(jīng)營”;句意:一些云儲存系統(tǒng)擁有十分專門的關(guān)注點。選項A符合句意。
15.考查形容詞辨析。available“可獲取的”,capable“能夠的,可以的”,applicable“適用的”,desirable“需要的,期望的”。句意:其他的能用來儲存各種形式的數(shù)據(jù)。選項A符合句意。
16.
考查介詞辨析。fillin“填寫,填充,替代”;fillup“裝滿,堵塞”;fillinto“填入,填充”;fill后面不直接接for。句意:塞滿整個倉庫。選項B符合句意。
17.
考查動詞辨析。hold“支撐”,save“存儲”,house“把……儲存在房內(nèi)”,run“管理”;句意:把云存儲系統(tǒng)儲藏在房內(nèi)。選項C符合句意。
18.
考查后置定語。句意:一個云儲存系統(tǒng)只需要一臺連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。過去分詞做后置定語。選項B符合要求。
19.
考查副詞辨析。probably“可能地”;inconveniently“不方便地”;invariably“總是,不變地”;occasionally“偶爾,間或”。句意:計算機偶爾需要維修。選項D符合句意。
20.
考查動詞辨析。ensure“確保某事發(fā)生”;promise“承諾”;assure“表示向某人保證某事將要發(fā)生”;guarantee“對人的行為及履行義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證”。選項A符合句意。
3.填空題
Direction:Thereisadefectineachofthefollowingsentences,pleaseimprovethesentencesbyrewritingwiththelestmodificationonANSWERSHEET(10%)
Example:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlthateverymanwantstomarry.
Answer:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlwhomeverymanwantstomarry.
66.Iwillreadtheresearchpaperswhichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.
67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudent,beinginhisofficeatthetime.
68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andwerefishinginvariouslakes.
69.Theteachertoldusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.
70.Beforewriting,wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.
【答案】66.Iwillreadtheresearchpapersfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.
67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudentinhisofficeatthetime.
68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andfishedinvariouslakes.
69.Theteachertellsusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.
70.Beforewriting,thatwespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.
【解析】66.whichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline應(yīng)作為定語修飾papers,而which引導(dǎo)定語從句在句中缺乏謂語動詞,因此需要去掉which,變成介詞短語直接作后置定語。
67.將逗號和being去掉,介詞短語inhisofficeatthetime可直接作后置定語修飾thestudent,整個句子會更加簡潔。
68.在一個句中出現(xiàn)了以and連接的并列成分,后面的詞性、時態(tài)均保持一致。故應(yīng)將werefishing更改為fished,與前面的saw和watched保持一致。
69.考查語法時態(tài),主將從現(xiàn)。從句中使用的是一般將來時表虛擬,主句應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時才符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。因此需要將主句的謂語動詞told改為一般現(xiàn)在時tell,主語是theteacher為第三人單數(shù),故謂語動詞的使用應(yīng)與其保持一致,應(yīng)改為tells。
70.句中成分完整,但wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformation做主語時,引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。
4.單選題
Onlysovereignstatesareabletomaketreaties.
問題1選項
A.constitutional
B.powerful
C.legitimate
D.independent
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項constitutionaladj.憲法的,本質(zhì)的;B選項powerfuladj.強大的,有力的;C選項legitimateadj.合法的,正當(dāng)?shù)?;D選項independentadj.獨立的,單獨的,無黨派的。根據(jù)題意可知,只有主權(quán)獨立的國家才能制定條約,因此本題選擇D項。
5.單選題
Theactresswasvery()attheinsultingquestionraisedbyheropponentatthe
conference.
問題1選項
A.extraterrestrial
B.explicit
C.indignant
D.innovative
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。extraterrestrial地球外的,宇宙的;explicit外在的,清楚的;indignant憤怒的,憤慨的;innovative創(chuàng)新的,革新的。根據(jù)句中insultingquestionraisedbyheropponent(對手提出的侮辱性問題)可知,她應(yīng)該是非常憤怒。選項C符合句意。
6.單選題
Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds()hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.
問題1選項
A.whichtobaseon
B.onwhichtobase
C.tobaseonwhich
D.whichtobebasedon
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意:教授很難找到充分的理由來支撐自己支持新理論的論據(jù)。由此可知,要把hisargument建立在grounds的基礎(chǔ)上,即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”,變成定語從句需要將介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞which的前面,即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”,所以選項B正確。
7.單選題
Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess()whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.
問題1選項
A.intermsof
B.incaseof
C.infavorof
D.inviewof
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù),在…方面;incaseof以免;infavorof有利于,支持;inviewof鑒于,考慮到。句意:從談判的過程中,你期待能實現(xiàn)的事情的方面,了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過程提供了重要的視角??崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容是談判的一方面,故A項正確。
8.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.
建設(shè)生態(tài)文明,是關(guān)系人民福祉、關(guān)于民族未來的長遠(yuǎn)大計。面對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴(yán)峻形勢,我們必須樹立尊重自然、保護(hù)自然的生態(tài)文明理念,把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)放在突出地位,融入經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)各個方面和全過程,努力建設(shè)美麗中國,實現(xiàn)中華民族的永續(xù)發(fā)展。
【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.
9.單選題
Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.
問題1選項
A.contraction
B.collision
C.corrosion
D.corruption
【答案】C
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.contraction收縮;縮小B.collision碰撞;沖突
C.corrosion腐蝕;侵蝕D.corruption腐?。粔櫬?/p>
【答案】C
【考查點】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】句意:塑料比金屬更輕,更耐……,但它們通常不堅固。由常識可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強,因此選C選項。
【干擾項排除】
A選項contraction“收縮;縮小”,根據(jù)常識可知塑料遇熱易收縮,不符合句意。
B選項collision“碰撞;沖突”,主要指碰撞(或相撞)事故,不符合句意。
D選項corruption“腐?。粔櫬洹辈环暇湟?。
【句意】塑料比金屬更輕,更耐腐蝕,但通常不堅固。
10.單選題
Almostasa()totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.
問題1選項
A.corollary
B.outcome
C.consequence
D.results
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項corollary“推論,必然的結(jié)果”;B選項outcome“結(jié)局,成果”;C選項consequence“重要性,推論”;D選項results“后果”。句意:希臘知識和價值觀的復(fù)興幾乎是必然的結(jié)果,人們對數(shù)學(xué)的興趣也隨之復(fù)蘇。選項A更符合語境。
11.單選題
Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,(
)off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.
問題1選項
A.when
B.since
C.whereas
D.because
【答案】A
【解析】考查連接詞。when“當(dāng)……時候”;since“自從,既然”;whereas“然而,反而”;because“因為”。句意:在流行軟件通常要求公司改變程序以適應(yīng)軟件的時候,大多數(shù)公司更喜歡定制軟件,因為它可以被調(diào)整以適應(yīng)公司的業(yè)務(wù)方式。前后句沒有構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系,故A項正確。
12.單選題
(
)eatriceratherthanpotatoes.
問題1選項
A.Mostofpeople
B.Mostofthepeople
C.Themostofpeople
D.Themostpeople
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。most后面可以直接跟可數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“大多數(shù)”;mostof后面接有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞所修飾的名詞,表示“特定范圍中的大多數(shù)”;themost后面通常跟形容詞,表示最高級。因此選項B符合題意。
13.單選題
TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe(
)ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.
問題1選項
A.foundation
B.juncture
C.institution
D.cessation
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。foundation“基礎(chǔ),地基,創(chuàng)立”;juncture“接縫,接合”;institution“制度,建立,(社會或宗教等)公共機構(gòu)”;cessation“停止,中止”。根據(jù)句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither雖然它不是愚蠢的情景喜劇,但它也不是記錄片。”可知空格處的句意是‘電視新聞雜志正好位于信息與娛樂的結(jié)合處,’B選項的“結(jié)合”正確。
14.單選題
Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.
問題1選項
A.various
B.numerable
C.multiple
D.numerous
【答案】D
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.various各種各樣的B.numerable可數(shù)的
C.multiple數(shù)量多的D.numerous許多的
【答案】D
【考查點】形容詞辨析
【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“這種鳥最近在這里變得更加____(more____)了”,空格處所填詞在該句中做表語;根據(jù)后文“我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊”推測,這種鳥在這里可能會被獵殺,一般鳥多的地方會出現(xiàn)偷獵行為,因此數(shù)量變多了符合原句語義銜接,D選項numerous“許多的”符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
A選項various“各種各樣的”不符合原句語義銜接;
B選項numerable“可數(shù)的”,是numerous的形近詞,但不符合原句語義銜接;
C選項multiple“數(shù)量多的”,只能用于名詞前,做定語,但原句中空格后沒有名詞;
【句意】最近這種鳥在這里越來越多了;我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊。
15.單選題
Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.
Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.
Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.
Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.
1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean().
2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas().
3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?
4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit().
5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe().
問題1選項
A.unaffectedby
B.hurtby
C.unlikelytobeseenby
D.unknownby
問題2選項
A.unrealistic
B.traditional
C.concerned
D.hysterical
問題3選項
A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.
B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.
C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.
D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.
問題4選項
A.isagainstthelaw
B.canmakesomepeopleirritable
C.isanuisance
D.isadangertopeople’shealth
問題5選項
A.unimportant
B.impossible
C.awasteofmoney
D.essential
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.根據(jù)“immuneto”定位至其后面一句:Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds(盡管我們似乎通過忽視噪音來適應(yīng)噪音,但實際上,耳朵永遠(yuǎn)不會關(guān)閉,身體仍然會做出反應(yīng)),由此推斷我們不可能不受噪音的影響,選項A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影響”。
2.文章最后一段提出:為什么人們沒有對噪音問題更為警醒,并且后面給出了若干猜測的理由,都指出了人們對噪音問題不夠重視,說明作者十分關(guān)注噪音對人類的健康產(chǎn)生的影響,因此C項正確。
3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意為:噪音已經(jīng)成為一個普遍的問題,但是人們并沒有重視噪音對人體健康產(chǎn)生的危害。選項C表示“噪音是一個主流問題,但并沒有被充分意識到”符合題意。
4.文章指出:噪音會對人體的身心健康產(chǎn)生危害,并且圍繞這一點展開,因此D選項“對人們的健康是一種威脅”符合題意。
5.最后一段指出:人們對噪音對健康的危害不夠重視,并且噪音和疾病以及殘疾之間的關(guān)系并沒有得到證實,由此推斷,作者認(rèn)為對噪音的研究是有必要的,可以以此喚醒人們對此的注意,故選項Dessential“有必要的”符合題意。
16.單選題
Althoughthetwoplayersare(
)inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.
問題1選項
A.partners
B.rivals
C.enemies
D.companions
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項partner“同伴、合伙人”;B選項rival“對手、競爭者”;C選項enemy“敵人”;D選項companion“同伴、伙伴”,空格所在的句子為讓步狀語從句,句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場上是對手”,可知空格部分單詞意思為“對手”,和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關(guān)系,句意為:盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場上是對手,但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。
17.翻譯題
Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質(zhì)子)pernucleus.
【答案】原子序數(shù)等于每個原子的電子數(shù)或者相當(dāng)于每個原子核的質(zhì)子數(shù)。
18.單選題
InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.
PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.
Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.
ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.
InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.
Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.
Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.
Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”,whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."
1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth(
).
2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto
(
).
3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause(
).
4.Mad-doggingrefersto
(
).
5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"(
).
問題1選項
A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication
B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact
C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect
D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers
問題2選項
A.lookatthespeakerallthetime
B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically
C.lookawayfromthespeaker
D.stareatthespeaker
問題3選項
A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly
B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers
C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters
D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures
問題4選項
A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters
B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters
C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect
D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground
問題5選項
A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact
B.oftenledtoafight
C.wasasignofdisrespect
D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多非洲裔美國人來自南方…?!傻诙沃械谝痪洹癙eoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亞洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通過避開眼神來表示尊敬。很多非裔美國人,尤其是來自南部的那些人,也遵守這個風(fēng)俗?!贝_定C選項“避開眼神接觸作為尊敬的表示”正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘當(dāng)聽到別人說話時,白人交流者傾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他們做的正好相反,當(dāng)他們在聽的時候,他們總是要看著說話的人?!贝_定A選項“一直看著講話者”正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多美國城市的顧客對韓國店主感到憤怒,因為…’。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.當(dāng)韓國人店主沒有直視他們時,非韓國顧客會變得生氣。”確定A選項“韓國人店主沒有直視他們”正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒數(shù)第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心,當(dāng)一個青少年直視另一個青少年時,這被認(rèn)為是一種挑釁,有時被稱為“瘋狂跟蹤”,并可能導(dǎo)致身體沖突。”確定D選項“一個青少年對另外一位來自不同文化背景的青少年的一種挑釁”正確。
5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘古老的短語“我要求滿足”…’。由倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短語“我要求滿足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成為決斗的序曲一樣,冷眼盯著可能成為身體接觸的前奏?!贝_定B選項“經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致打架”正確。
19.單選題
Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycarslikeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.
Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorciti
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