考研考博-英語-寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy（椎板切除術(shù)）.Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.

Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.

Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.

Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.

Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?

2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors（）.

3.Thehardwaremakers（）.

4.ThecompanyMedtronic（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.

B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.

C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.

D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients

B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases

C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills

D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation

B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts

C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience

D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons

B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons

C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor

D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.

B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.

C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.

D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人員表示，幾乎沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，對(duì)大多數(shù)患者來說脊柱融合術(shù)比更簡(jiǎn)單的椎板切除術(shù)更好?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“脊柱融合術(shù)比其他治療方法有更好的治療效果。”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“脊柱融合術(shù)對(duì)背痛患者沒有好處?！保c原文不符；C項(xiàng)“只有有限的證據(jù)表明哪種治療方法更好?！?；D項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生對(duì)脊柱融合術(shù)的好處很有信心?！保c原文不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)可以為外科醫(yī)生支付比椎板切除術(shù)多四倍的脊柱融合術(shù)費(fèi)用?！币约啊?..fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合術(shù)中可能只有不到一半是合適的?！保芍狟項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“傾向于選擇被認(rèn)為對(duì)病人最好的治療方法”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“在相當(dāng)多的案例中，他們把經(jīng)濟(jì)利益置于病人利益之上”；C項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)贊成更復(fù)雜的治療來提高技能”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“希望改變他們目前的工作報(bào)酬制度”，與原文不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……僅在硬件方面，全國(guó)每年的支出就飆升至25億美元?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“已從這個(gè)手術(shù)中獲取了巨大的利潤(rùn)”；B項(xiàng)“已在新產(chǎn)品研究上投入巨資”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“已幫助醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院獲得了更多經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“已成功地證明了他們產(chǎn)品的有效性”，與原文不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但該公司今年早些時(shí)候披露，聯(lián)邦政府正在調(diào)查其向外科醫(yī)生支付非法回扣的指控?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“已承認(rèn)給外科醫(yī)生回扣”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“已否認(rèn)與外科醫(yī)生有任何金錢交易”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“已因收購其商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手而被起訴”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被政府調(diào)查過”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合術(shù)中可能只有不到一半是合適的?！币约癮stray有“誤入歧途的，離開正道的”意思，可知B項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“它已在正軌上”；B項(xiàng)“它偏離了正軌”；C項(xiàng)“它已提供一個(gè)新的治療方式”；D項(xiàng)“它已回到傳統(tǒng)”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirminUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthattowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm'scompetitiveadvantageis（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployeesownbusiness.

C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.topexecutives

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

B.theimprovementofworkers'basicskills

C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirmshierarchy.

D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirminUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.在美國(guó)，人力資源管理傳統(tǒng)上并不被視為企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)生存的核心。技能的獲得被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的責(zé)任?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“技能的獲得是自己的事情”正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).人力資源管理主管的職位通常是一個(gè)專門的工作，位于公司等級(jí)制度的邊緣。人力資源高管在重大戰(zhàn)略決策上從不被征求意見，也沒有機(jī)會(huì)晉升為首席執(zhí)行官(CEO)?！笨芍肆Y源主管在做決策時(shí)沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.他們投資的錢也更集中在專業(yè)和管理人員身上?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.如果可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)依賴于勞動(dòng)力的技能，美國(guó)公司就有問題了?！币约暗谒亩巍癆saresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.因此，當(dāng)新的突破性技術(shù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，問題就出現(xiàn)了?！笨芍３止靖?jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的決定性因素是員工的技能。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。全文第一句指出如果可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)依賴于勞動(dòng)力的技能，美國(guó)公司就有問題了。接著說明美國(guó)公司的人力資源管理沒有得到足夠重視，不注重員工技能的培訓(xùn)，并提出對(duì)應(yīng)的影響，即導(dǎo)致美國(guó)公司可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)受損。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Youranalogywasnotagoodonebecausethetwosituationsarenotsimilar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.categorization

C.classification

D.cognition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparisonn.比較，對(duì)照；B選項(xiàng)categorizationn.分類，分門別類，編目方法；C選項(xiàng)classificationn.等級(jí)，類別；D選項(xiàng)cognitionn.認(rèn)識(shí)，辨識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)能力。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：你的類比不是一個(gè)好例子，因?yàn)檫@兩種情況并不相同。

4.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個(gè)詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護(hù)的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

5.單選題

Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen（）.

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit（）.

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness

B.nevercaughtcolds

C.alwayscaughtcolds

D.becameverystrong

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold

B.thevirusesofthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一項(xiàng)與文章不一致？

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒。

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)。

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“科學(xué)家給出的一種解釋是，與其他時(shí)候相比，人們?cè)诤涞奶鞖饫锔鼉A向于待在室內(nèi)，這使得感冒病毒更容易傳播”，可知，這里是對(duì)冬天更容易感冒的解釋，并不是說人們患感冒是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)，故C項(xiàng)“人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)”表述與原文不符合，但符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的，那么愛斯基摩人將永遠(yuǎn)遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事實(shí)并非如此?！笨芍忻安⒉皇呛湟鸬?，所以愛斯基摩人不會(huì)總是感冒，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“最普遍的謬論（fallacy）是感冒是由寒冷引起的”，從fallacy（謬論）可知，感冒并不是由寒冷引起的，該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第二句“感冒實(shí)際上是由人與人之間傳播的病毒引起的”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.當(dāng)______，北極探險(xiǎn)家可能會(huì)感冒。

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他們又開始與外界接觸

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)，探險(xiǎn)家們報(bào)告說，在通過從飛機(jī)上扔下的包裹和郵件與外界的感染者再次接觸之前，他們沒有感冒”，從中可知，探險(xiǎn)家們?cè)诮佑|外界之前沒有感冒，這也就是說當(dāng)他們接觸外界時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)感冒，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跇O冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)原文可知，北極探險(xiǎn)家并不是因?yàn)樵谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)才沒感冒，而是沒有接觸帶有病毒的感染者，該項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者_(dá)_____。

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦

B.nevercaughtcoldsB.從來不感冒

C.alwayscaughtcoldsC.總是感冒

D.becameverystrongD.非常強(qiáng)壯

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CommonColdResearchUnit定位至第二段第一句“在英國(guó)的普通感冒研究中心，志愿者們參加了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們讓自己長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于寒冷潮濕的不適狀態(tài)”，從中可知，在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者深受寒冷之苦，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“從來不感冒”、C項(xiàng)“總是感冒”和D項(xiàng)“非常強(qiáng)壯”在原文沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.4.這篇文章主要是討論______。

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldA.普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)

B.thevirusesofthecommoncoldB.普通感冒的病毒

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsC.人們感冒的原因

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncoldsD.普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，第一段提出感冒不是由寒冷引起的，而是由病毒引起，隨后用了幾個(gè)例子證明第一段開頭提出的論點(diǎn)，所以本文主要討論感冒的原因以及人們患上感冒的方式，C選項(xiàng)“人們感冒的原因”符合全文主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“普通感冒的實(shí)驗(yàn)”、B項(xiàng)“普通感冒的病毒”和D項(xiàng)“普通感冒的持續(xù)蔓延”只是文中提到的觀點(diǎn)，不是主旨思想，屬于以偏概全。

6.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（）andneedsproving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.hypothetical

C.intuitive

D.empirical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無意識(shí)的”；B選hypothetical“假設(shè)的”；C選項(xiàng)intuitive“直覺的”；D選項(xiàng)empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”。根據(jù)句意：無論誰提出了宇宙起源的理論，那都只是假設(shè)，需要證明。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

7.翻譯題

Peoplecannotliveapartfromnature;thatisthefirstprincipleoftheconservationists.Andyet,peoplecannotliveinnaturewithoutchangingit.Butthisistrueofallcreatures;theydependuponnature,andtheychangeit.Whatwecallnatureis,inasense,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachotherandupontheirplaces.Becauseofthewoodpeckers,natureisdifferentfromwhatitwouldbewithoutthem.Itisdifferentalsobecauseoftheborersandantsthatliveintreetrunks,andbecauseofthebacteriathatliveinthesoilunderthetree.Themakingofthesedifferencesisthemakingoftheworld.

Someofthechangesmadebywildcreatureswewouldcallbeneficent.Beaversarefamousformakingpondsthatturnintofertilemeadows;treesandprairiegrassesbuildsoil.Butsometimes,too,wewouldcallnaturalchangesdestructive.Accordingtoearlywitnesses,forinstance,largeareasaroundKentuckysaltlickswereseverelytrampedanderodedbythegreatherdsofhoofedanimalsthatgatheredthere.Thebuffalo“streets”throughhillycountryweresohollowedoutbyhoofwearanderosionthattheyremainvisiblealmosttwocenturiesafterthedisappearanceofthebuffalo.Andsoitcanhardlybeexpectedthathumanswouldnotchangenature.Humans,likeallothercreatures,mustmakeadifference;otherwisetheycannotlive.Butunlikeothercreatures,theymustmakeachoiceastothekindandofthedifferencetheymake.Iftheychoosetomaketoosmalladifferencetheydiminishtheirhumanity.Iftheychoosetomaketoogreatadifferencetheydiminishnature,andnarrowtheirsubsequentchoices;ultimately,theydiminishordestroythemselves.Nature,then,isnotonlyoursourcebutalsoourlimitandmeasure.

【答案】參考譯文：

人類的生存離不開大自然，這是生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者的第一原則。然而，人類不可能在大自然中生存而不改變它。不過，這對(duì)所有生物來說都是如此，它們依賴自然且改變它。在某種意義上，我們把大自然稱為各種各樣的生物和大自然力量在自己復(fù)雜的活動(dòng)、相互影響以及對(duì)生活環(huán)境的影響中引起的變化的全部。因?yàn)樽哪绝B的存在，所以大自然不同于沒有啄木鳥的大自然會(huì)呈現(xiàn)的樣子。大自然也因?yàn)樯钣跇涓傻你@蛀蟲和螞蟻，以及生活在樹下泥土中的細(xì)菌而不同。這些差異的形成就是世界的形成。

我們會(huì)把野生生物引起的一些變化稱為是有益的：海貍因?yàn)榘殉靥磷兂煞饰植莸囟雒?，樹木和牧?chǎng)草地構(gòu)建了土壤。不過，我們有時(shí)會(huì)把大自然的變化稱為有害的。例如，據(jù)早期目擊者稱，肯塔基州鹽堿地周圍大部分區(qū)域被聚集在那里的成群的有蹄類動(dòng)物嚴(yán)重踐踏和損壞。穿過丘陵地帶的水?！敖值馈北粐?yán)重磨損和侵蝕，以至于它們（即水?！敖值馈保┰谒ＯШ蟛畈欢鄡蓚€(gè)世紀(jì)仍然看得見。因此，期望人類不會(huì)改變大自然幾乎是不可能的。與所有其它生物一樣，人類必須對(duì)大自然產(chǎn)生影響；否則他們就不能生存。不過，與其它生物不一樣的是人類必須對(duì)于自己產(chǎn)生的影響的種類和規(guī)模做出選擇。如果人類選擇產(chǎn)生一個(gè)太小的影響，那么他們就會(huì)使自身數(shù)量減少。如果人類選擇產(chǎn)生一個(gè)太大的影響，那么他們就會(huì)使大自然變小，從而使自己的選擇范圍縮??；最后他們會(huì)使自身數(shù)量減少或毀掉自身。因此，大自然不僅是我們?nèi)祟惿娴馁Y源，并且還是我們?nèi)祟惿娴慕缦藓蜆?biāo)桿。

8.單選題

Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.last

C.decline

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.advertise（為……）做廣告；登廣告B.last持續(xù)

C.decline減少；下降D.dominate支配；控制

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息becausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications（由于沒有足夠多的獨(dú)立軟件供應(yīng)商編寫應(yīng)用程序）可推知，salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguish指的是軟件產(chǎn)品的銷量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】在企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)中，由于沒有足夠多的獨(dú)立軟件供應(yīng)商編寫應(yīng)用程序，一些軟件產(chǎn)品的銷售受到影響。

9.單選題

Manyoldhouseshavebeen（

）inorderthatnewbigbuildingsmaybebuilt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leveled

B.collapsed

C.demolished

D.felled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。level“使同等；對(duì)準(zhǔn)；弄平”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”，一般做不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)形式；demolish“拆除；破壞”；fell“砍伐；打倒；擊倒”。句意：為了修建新的建筑，很多老房子被拆除了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atallchimney.

B.Ahugepieceofrock.

C.Thepeakofamountain.

D.Thestumpofagianttree.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Humanactivity.

B.Chemicalprocesses.

C.Windandwater.

D.Fireandfury.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.

B.Itisahistoricalmonument.

C.Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.

D.ItisIndians’sacredplaceforworship.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bykillingtheattackingbears.

B.Byshelteringtheminacave.

C.Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.

D.Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】PassageOne

[9]Devil’sTower,thefirstnationalmonumentinAmerica,couldalmostbemistakenforthestumpofanenormoustree.Itssheerrocksidessweepupfromabroadbaseuntiltheycutoffabruptlyattheflatsummit.Risingmorethan1,000feetinthemiddleofthegentlyrollingplainsofWyoming,themassivecolumnofrock,looksasthoughitwasdroppeddownintothislocationfromadifferenttimeandplace.

Inasense,itwas.Devil’sTowerisarelicofthepastwhenthemeltedrockoftheearth’scoreforceditswaytothesurfacetoformthethroatofavolcano.Asthecenturiespassed,therockcooledandhardened,shrinkingandcrackingintolongcolumns,borninfireandfury.[10]Devil’sTowerwasthenshapedbytheslow,gentleworkofwindandwater.Theouterlayersofthevolcanowerewornawayuntilthehardcorestoodcompletelyexposed.

[11]SmallwonderthatanIndianlegenddescribedDevil’sTowerasbeingformedbysupernaturalpowers.Thelegendsaysthatwhensevengirlswereattackedbybears,theytookrefugeontopofasmallrock,andtheyappealedtotheRockGodforhelp.[12]TheGodcausedtherocktogrowandtoliftthegirlsfarabovetheground,whileitssideswerescoredbytheclawsoftheangrybears.Eventoday,saysthelegend,thegirlscanbeseenabovethetoweringrockassevenshiningstarsinthenightsky.

9.WhatdoesDevil’sTowerlooklike?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問惡魔塔看上去像什么？錄音首句就指出，惡魔塔為美國(guó)的第一個(gè)國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑。因其獨(dú)特的外形，差點(diǎn)被人們誤認(rèn)為是一棵巨大無比的樹樁。因此D選項(xiàng)“巨大的樹樁”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)高大的煙囪”和C選項(xiàng)“一座山的頂峰”在錄音中沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“一塊巨大的巖石”，錄音有提及惡魔塔實(shí)質(zhì)上是由巨大的巖石構(gòu)成，但題目問的是惡魔塔看上去像什么，因此B選項(xiàng)不符合題干。

10.Whatcausedthevolcano’souterlayertowearaway?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問是什么導(dǎo)致了火山表面的侵蝕？錄音中有提到惡魔塔是如何形成的。它是由巖石冷卻、變硬、收縮和斷裂而最終形成的。在此漫長(zhǎng)過程中，惡魔塔受到風(fēng)化水蝕?；鹕奖砻姹磺治g掉，堅(jiān)硬的中心巖石完全暴露出來。因此，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)”和B選項(xiàng)“化學(xué)過程”在錄音中均沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“火的燃燒與灼熱”，錄音中提到此信息是描述惡魔塔所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境，并不是其外層被侵蝕掉的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

11.WhatdoesanIndianlegendsayaboutDevil’sTower?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于惡魔塔的印第安傳說是怎樣的？錄音提到，印第安傳說中說魔鬼塔是由超自然力量形成的。C選項(xiàng)“它是由超自然力量創(chuàng)造的”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它是在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代建造的”和D選項(xiàng)“它是印第安人敬奉的圣地”在錄音中沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“它是一個(gè)歷史紀(jì)念碑”，錄音中雖有提及惡魔塔是一座國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑（nationalmonument），但不等同于歷史紀(jì)念碑（historicalmonument），而且這與題目問的印第安傳說沒有相關(guān)性，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)。

12.HowdidtheRockGodhelpthesevengirlsintheIndianlegend?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問“石神”是如何幫助印第安傳說中的七個(gè)女孩的？錄音最后詳細(xì)講述了這個(gè)關(guān)于惡魔塔的印第安傳說：七個(gè)印第安女孩遇到熊的攻擊。女孩們無處可逃，爬上了小巖石的頂部，向“石神”求助?！笆瘛弊寧r石往上“長(zhǎng)”起來，熊只能用爪子在巖石上抓出一道道的深痕。因此，C選項(xiàng)“從地面上把她們抬升起來”符合原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“殺死攻擊人的熊”；B選項(xiàng)“在山洞里掩護(hù)她們”和D選項(xiàng)“將她們帶到山頂”在錄音中均沒有提及。

11.單選題

Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend;theonlymysteryiswhen.Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace’sfinalexitwillbeignoble.Iffuturegenerationsescapethesaurianagonyofextinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun’sunavoidablegrowthtogiant-hoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorstoashes:onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbypostingcoloniesbeyondtheearth’sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsattheendofthesolarsystem’slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanetandofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.Anignobleexistencehoppingfromplanettoplanet—clingingtoeachcloduntilit,initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen—mightstillbebearablewereitnotfortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeathbygravityorentropy,thefieryquantumpitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecausehequittheconcertstageathispeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleortheaudiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife-formcoulddoorevenconceivesuchathing,humanitymust.

Moresciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethatishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligencethat,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftimeintelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp-people?Orchid-people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdecipheredhumanbooksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindlessmoon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmightbegin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawholespecies;anact,almost,ofangels.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbehumanbeing’sbestchoiceaboutitsfuture?

2.Whatdoes“interstellartravel”serveaccordingtothewriter?

3.ThewritercitesJaschaHeifetz’sexamplemainlybecause______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybethereasonforhumanbeing’sleavingthestage?

5.Thewriterthinkshumanbeing’sleavingthestagecanbeanyofthefollowingBUT______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingeliminatedbythesun’sunavoidablegrowthtogianthood.

D.Leavingthetimingtohumanbeingitself.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Apracticalwaytoescapetheendoftheworld.

B.Nothingmorethanpostponingtheendoftheworld.

C.Awayhoppingfromplanettoplanet.

D.Awaytoescapefromgravity.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.heisafamousviolinist

B.hequitstheconcertstageathispeak

C.hequittingthestagegivessomeinspirationtohumanbeings

D.heisadornedbyhisaudience

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theforceofthenature.

B.TheforceoftheGod.

C.Humanbeing’srationality.

D.ThecommandofDN

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated

B.theennoblementofawholespecies

C.anact,almost,ofangels

D.humanbeing’shavingnoalternative

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexi