考研考博-英語-安徽師范大學皖江學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽師范大學皖江學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

中國奉行防御性的國防政策，加強國防建設的目的是維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，保障國家和平發(fā)展。中國軍隊始終是維護世界和平的堅定力量，將一如既往的同各國加強軍事合作、增進軍事互信，參與地區(qū)和國際安全事務，在國際政治和安全領域發(fā)揮積極作用。

加強高新技術武器裝備建設，加快全面建設現(xiàn)代后勤，培養(yǎng)大批高素質新型軍事人才，深入開展信息化條件下軍事訓練，增強基于信息系統(tǒng)的體系作戰(zhàn)能力。

【答案】答：

Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.OurendeavorstostrengthennationaldefenseaimtosafeguardChina’ssovereignty,securityandterritorialintegrityandensureitspeacefuldevelopment.China’sarmedforceshavealwaysbeenastaunchforceupholdingworldpeaceandwillcontinuetoincreasecooperationandmutualtrustwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,participateinregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andthusplayanactiveroleininternationalpoliticalandsecurityfields.

Weshouldstrengthenthedevelopmentofnew-andhigh-technologyweaponsandequipment,speedupthecompletedevelopmentofmodernlogistics,trainanewtypeofhigh-calibermilitarypersonnelinlargenumbers,intensivelycarryoutmilitarytrainingundercomputerizedconditions,andenhanceintegratedcombatcapabilitybasedonextensiveITapplication.

2.單選題

Justasyoudonotwishothersto（

）theirdesiresuponyou,youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife.

問題1選項

A.inflict

B.dispute

C.ridicule

D.antedate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項inflict“把……強加給，使承受，遭受”；B選項dispute“辯論，爭論”；C選項ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D選項antedate“預期，預料，居先”。由后面的“youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife（你必須讓他們自由地遵循他們自己的生活方向）”可知A選項與其意思對應。句意：就像你不希望別人把意愿強加在你身上，你必須讓他們自由地遵循他們自己的生活方向。

3.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

問題1選項

A.presumed

B.propelled

C.presided

D.pricked

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項presume“相信，擅自行為”，B項propel“推進，驅使”，C項preside“主持”，D項prick“戳，扎破”。根據(jù)空格前后的關鍵詞meeting（會議）和mayor（市長）可知，空格部分應該表示“主持會議”。句意：會議由市長主持，討論該市的增稅問題。故該題選擇C項正確。

4.單選題

Mostoftheleadingfoodshopshavepromisedto（

）pricesuntilafterthenewyear.

問題1選項

A.keepoff

B.keepdown

C.keepout

D.keepback

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。keepoff“讓開，不接近”；keepdown“控制，縮減”；keepout“阻止進入”；keepback“留下；隱瞞；阻止”。句意：大部分大食品商店都承諾在新年之前保持低價。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Infact,thecountryhasexhibitedconsiderableflexibility,relaxingitspositiononmany_______issues,

includingagriculturalsubsidies.

問題1選項

A.surpassing

B.commodious

C.contentious

D.judicable

【答案】C

【解析】surpassing勝過的,優(yōu)秀的;commodious寬敞的,方便的;contentious有爭議的,訴訟的;judicable應受審判的。句意：事實上,該國表現(xiàn)出相當大的靈活性,在包括農業(yè)補貼在內的許多有爭議的問題上放松了立場。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Experiencedbaseballfielderscantellhowfaraballisgoingtotraveljustbylisteningtothecrackofthebat.Iftheydidn't,theywouldn'tstandachanceofcatchingit,claimsaphysicistinNewYork.

“Whenabaseballishitstraightatanoutfielder,hecannotquicklyjudgetheangleofthescentandthedistancetheballwilltravel,”saysRobertAdair,aphysicistatYaleUniversity.Ifhereliedpurelyuponvisualinformation,thefielderwouldhavetowaitforaboutone-and-a-halfsecondsbeforehecouldtellaccuratelyifthepitcherhittheballlongorshort.Bythistimetheballmayhavetraveledtoofarforhimtoreachitintime.

Tostandafightingchanceofcatchingit,accordingtoAdair,fieldersmustlistentothesoundtheballhittingthebattojudgehowfaritwilltravel.Thereisanecdotalevidencetosupportthis,hesays.AformercentrefieldertoldAdair:“IfIheardacrackIranout,ifIheardaclunk,Iranin.”

Totesthishypothesis,Adaircalculatedhowquicklyafieldercouldchangedirectionifhehadmisjudgedwhethertheballwasgoinglongorshort.Thedifferencebetweenthe“crack”and“clunk”canbeexplainedbyhowwellthebatterhashittheball,andcouldmeanadifferenceinrunningdistanceofasmuchas30meters,hetolddelegatesatameetingoftheAcousticalSocietyofAmericaninChicagolastweek.

Scientistsalreadyknewthattohitaballlongthebattermuststrikeitsomewherenearthevibrationalnodeofthebat,knownasthesweetspot.Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.Conversely,mishitballsmakethebatvibratestronglyandsodonottravelasfar.

Adairisquicktopointoutthatthisonlyappliestowoodenbats,whichareusedinmajorleaguebaseball.Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform“ping”soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.

1.AccordingtoRobertAdair,whycan’tanoutfielderrelypurelyonvisualinformation?

2.Fromparagraph3wecaninferthata“crack”maymean().

3.Ifthebatvibratesverylittle,().

4.Adairpointsoutthathistheorycan’tbeappliedtoaluminumbatsbecause().

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Becauseitmaytakelongertimeforhimtoexertjudgment.

B.Becausetheballmaychangedirectionsduringflight.

C.Becausetheballmaybehiteitherlongorshort.

D.Becauselighttravelsfasterthansound.

問題2選項

A.alongball

B.ashortball

C.agoodball

D.amishitball

問題3選項

A.thefielderisunabletocatchthesound

B.theballwilltraveltoashortdistance

C.theballmayreceivegreaterenergy

D.thefieldershouldquicklyrunin

問題4選項

A.the"ping”soundistoovagueforafieldertocatch

B.withthealuminumbatsthebatteralwayshitstheballstronger

C.theydon’tproducedifferentsoundsof“crack”and“clunk”

D.thesoundstheyproducemayinterferewiththefieldersjudgment

問題5選項

A.Hittingtheballtoproducedifferentsoundsisnotaneasymatter.

B.Thesoundofthebatmaygivefieldersmorechancestocatchtheball.

C.Aluminumbatsareinferiortothewoodenones.

D.ThestudyofRobertAdairshockstheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ifhereliedpurelyupon...theballlongorshort.”如果完全依靠視覺信息，守場員要等大約1.5秒才能準確地判斷投手的擊球是長是短。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)下文可知，“crack”and“clunk”是用來判斷擊球的好壞，所以首先排除選項A和B。當聽到“crack”就跑出去，聽到“clunk”就跑進來，由此推斷，“crack”指沒打好的球，“clunk”指好球。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.”擊中球的最佳位置時，球棒產生的耗能振動更少，從而使球獲得更大的能量傳遞。選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform'ping'soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.”鋁棒無論你在哪里擊打，都會發(fā)出相當均勻的“砰”的一聲。也就是說不會像木棒擊打的那樣發(fā)出不同的聲音，選項C符合原文。

5.本文主要是講根據(jù)球棒擊球時發(fā)出聲音的不同來判斷擊球的好壞，從而使得外野手有更多的機會去接球。選項B更能概括全文主題。

7.單選題

IntheageoftheInternet,readersandlibrarianswantliberal（）toinformationon-line;authorsandpublisherswantcontroloverhowtheirintellectualpropertyisdistributed.

問題1選項

A.acquisition

B.access

C.entrance

D.absorption

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。acquisition獲得物，獲得；access進入，機會；entrance入口；absorption吸收，全神貫注。句意：在互聯(lián)網時代，讀者和圖書管理員希望有機會在網上自由地獲取信息;作者和出版商希望能夠控制他們的知識產權分配問題。accessto有權使用…，有機會進入…。只有B項符合句意。

8.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果一個人談及自己的缺點，那么他的聽眾就被期待說一些關于鼓勵的話。

考查名詞辨析。persuasion說服，勸說;remedy補救，治療;encouragement鼓勵；compromise妥協(xié)，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。

9.單選題

NeptuneisaboutthirtytimesasfarfromtheSun（）.

問題1選項

A.istheEarth

B.theEarthis

C.isastheEarth

D.asistheEarth

【答案】D

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達方式。倍數(shù)+as...as...，首先排除選項A和B，前后結構保持一致，所以選項D正確。

10.單選題

Rotationreferstotheturningoftheearth,（）tothemovementaroundthesun.

問題1選項

A.besidesrevolution

B.revolutionrefers

C.andrevolution

D.whilerevolutionreferring

【答案】C

【解析】考查句型結構辨析。A選項besidesrevolution“除了公轉”；B選項revolutionrefers“公轉”；C選項andrevolution“公轉”；D選項whilerevolutionreferring“同時公轉意味著”。句意：自轉是指地球的轉動，……是指圍繞太陽的運動。A選項句子不通順，B選項句子缺少結構，D選項需要加is，根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

11.單選題

Peterhadhispiano______yesterdayandtheresultisexcellent.

問題1選項

A.tuned

B.turned

C.tied

D.wound

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項tuned“（為樂器）調音，校音”；B選項turned“（使）轉動，旋轉”；C選項tied“（用線、繩等）系，拴”；D選項wound“使（身體）受傷，（用武器）傷害”。句意：彼得昨天請人給鋼琴______，結果很好。根據(jù)語境，這里A選項tuned“（為樂器）調音”搭配鋼琴比較合理，意思是請人給鋼琴調音以后，鋼琴彈出來的效果就很好了，符合題意。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Onlya（

）personwouldbelievesuchanunlikelystoryaboutflyingsaucers.

問題1選項

A.credible

B.credulous

C.nonsensical

D.creditable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項credible“可靠的，可信的”；B選項credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項nonsensical“無意義的，荒謬的”；D選項creditable“值得稱贊的”。句意：只有易受騙的人才會相信這樣一個關于飛碟的不大可能的故事。選項B符合語境。

13.單選題

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge（）.

6.“Braindrain”means（）.

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain（）.

問題1選項

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

問題2選項

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

問題3選項

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

問題4選項

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

問題5選項

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

問題6選項

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

問題7選項

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內容可知,本段講述的是兩個很窮的年輕人找到有前途的工作后再結婚,償清債務后,過上了幸福的生活。作者意在說明即使是婚姻也與金錢密切相關。所以選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)下一句的舉例：如果我們買一臺新電視機,瓊斯家的人一定會買一臺更大更好的。如果我們買一輛新車,我們可以肯定瓊斯會得到一輛更好的。由此可以推斷“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,選項C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者認為現(xiàn)在的金錢對于人們來說似乎極其重要,選項A正確。

4.結合全文內容可知,本文主要講的是物欲橫流的世界中人們以及社會的現(xiàn)狀,人們今天唯一感興趣的是賺更多的錢,選項B最能概括全文,所以正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”現(xiàn)在越來越少的年輕人僅僅為了知識本身而學習知識,更多是為了以后能拿高工資。由此可以推斷,過去人們學習是為了自己的利益,而不是為了賺錢,所以選項B正確。

6.根據(jù)下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出價最高者提供服務的過程。選項C符合原文。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.”“人才流失”使得較富裕的國家剝奪了較貧窮的鄰國最有能力的公民。選項B正確。

14.單選題

Thechairmanmadea（）statementbeforetheopeningceremony.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.solitary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項intensive“加強的；集中的；透徹的；加強語氣的”；B選項intermediate“中間的，中級的”；C選項preliminary“初步的；開端的；預備性的”；D選項solitary“孤獨的；獨居的”。句意：在開幕式之前，這位主席做了一個預備性的陳述。根據(jù)句意，判斷出C選項正確。

15.單選題

Heisnotshyaboutnamingthenamesofthefamouswomenwhohavesuccumbedtohisromantic（）.

問題1選項

A.wields

B.wiles

C.tacit

D.tiles

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項wields“拿著（武器、工具或設備）；掌握（權力）”；B選項wiles“花言巧語；巧計；引誘”；C選項tacit“默許的，心照不宣的”；D選項tiles“（貼墻或鋪地用的）瓷磚，地毯，地板；（覆蓋屋頂?shù)模┩咂薄＞湟猓核敛恍哂谡f出那些被他浪漫的（）所征服的著名女性的名字。只有wiles“花言巧語”和romantic“浪漫”可搭配，也符合語境。因此B選項正確。

16.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.,1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.,2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.,3.Neverwill1notdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

StephenWilliamHawking,oneofthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,suffersfromarareslow-progressingformofamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),alsoknownasmotorneurondisease.21.AsALShasmadeStephenWilliamHawkingavirtualprisonerinhisownbody,22.ithaslefthiscourageandhumorintact,hisintellectfreelytoroam.23.Androamitdoes,fromtheinfinitesimaltotheinfinite,fromthesubatomicrealmtothefarreachesofauniverse.Inthecourseofthesementalexpeditions,24.HawkinghasconceivedstartlingnewtheoriesaboutblackholesandthedisorderlyeventsthatimmediatelyfollowedtheBigBanginwhichtheuniversesprang.

25.WithouthiswifeJane,Hawkinghasalwaysemphasized,hiscareermighteverhavesoared.26.ShemarriedhimshortlyafterhediagnosedwithALS,fullyawareofthedreadful,progressivenatureofthedisease,givinghimhopeandthewilltocarryonwithhisstudies.

Theyhadthreechildrenintheearlystagesoftheirmarriage,andlater,27.ashebecameincreasinglydisabled,shedevotedherselftocareforhiseveryneed.28.Afteryearsofapparentlyharmoniousmarriage,therefore,seriousdisagreementsbeganappearing.AsawardspouredinforStephen,Jane—competentandintelligentherself—begantoresentlivinginhisshadow.Deeplyreligious,shewasalsooffendedbyhisdisbeliefoftheexistenceoftheGod.29.Particularlyannoyedtoherwashisconceptthattheuniversemightbecompletelyself-contained,havingnoboundaryoredge,nobeginningorend.Ifthatweretrue,heaskedchallengingly,“Whatplace,then,foracreator?”30.Still,friendswereshockedin1990whenHawkingabruptlyendedtheir25-yearmarriage,movinginwithoneofhisnurse.

【答案】21.As—While/Although

22.freely—free

23.a—the

24.in—from

25.ever—never

26.(he)was(diagnosed)

27.care—caring

28.therefore—however

29.annoyed—annoying

30.nurse—nurses

【解析】21.

as引導讓步狀語從句時主句需要部分倒裝，而句子是陳述語氣所以需要把as換成although或者while。

22.

intellect是名詞，但是freely是副詞，副詞一般修飾動詞不修飾名詞，所以應該把freely改為其形容詞形式。

23.

universe是專屬名詞，表示的是獨一無二的事物，所以不能用不定冠詞修飾，所以應該把不定冠詞改為定冠詞。

24.

定語從句中關系代詞前的介詞主要是根據(jù)后面的動詞或者形容詞的搭配來確定的，從句中的動詞只有sprang（spring的過去分詞），這里從句句意是“宇宙起源于（大爆炸）”，由此這里的介詞應該是from，和spring組成固定搭配springfrom“起源于”。

25.

這里根據(jù)句意應該是“霍金總是強調，沒有他的氣質，他的事業(yè)不會起飛”，所以這里的ever應該改為否定詞never。

26.

這里霍金應該是被診斷出患上漸凍癥，所以應該加上助動詞。

27.

這里根據(jù)固定搭配devoteoneselftodoing/n.所以應該把care改為caring。

28.

在多年表面和諧的婚姻之后，兩人之間劇烈的分歧開始出現(xiàn)了。兩個分句之間不存在因果或者順承關系，應該是轉折關系，所以應該把therefore改為however。

29.

annoyed“感到生氣的”，一般用來形容人Sheishurtandannoyedthattheauthoritieshavebannedherfromworkingwithchildren.“她因當局禁止她做兒童工作而傷心惱怒”，因為政府不讓她從事兒童工作，所以她感到惱怒，這時annoyed是用來形容人，生氣的人。

annoying“令人生氣的”，一般用來形容物，Hermostannoyinghabitwaseatingwithhermouthopen“她最讓人討厭的習慣就是張著嘴吃東西”，她張嘴吃飯這個習慣令人很討厭，這里annoying是形容習慣，讓人生氣的習慣。

根據(jù)句意來說是他對宇宙的猜想讓她感到生氣，這里形容詞應該是形容概念，所以應該把annoyed改為annoying。

30.

oneof后面需要加名詞的復數(shù)形式，所以nurse后面應該用復數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意也可以理解雖然霍金只能跟一個人結婚，但是他的護士絕對不止一個。

17.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】文章第一段提到動作的氧化代謝率對它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對動物的生存產生的影響。綜上所述，選項B符合題意。

文章第三段第一句提到了補償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動物由于無氧糖酵解所導致的大量能量消耗必須得到補償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動物補償?shù)臅r間短，而大型動物則需要很長的時間才能完成補償，這就是補償?shù)木窒扌?。選項B符合題意。

文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動物體型的關系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項D符合題意。

文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對動物的生存產生的影響，沒有使用一些非常晦澀難懂的專業(yè)知識，因此作者最可能針對的是剛剛接觸相關學科的人群。選項A符合題意。

文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動物來說明自己的觀點，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產生3000個人進行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

問題1選項

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.slight輕微的，少量的B.periodic間發(fā)性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暫時的，臨時的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句句意“太陽偶爾會沖破云層”，可以推測劃線單詞intermittent應該表示“間歇性的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”；B選項詞義與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為B選項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因為陣雨是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的，所以太陽偶爾會沖破云層。

19.單選題

Humble（）itmaybe,thereisnoplacemorelikehome.

問題1選項

A.although

B.as

C.how

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句子用了倒裝，把形容詞提前到句首，只有as或者though有這個用法，although沒有。as/though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞，副詞，分詞，實義動詞提前）例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.由as引導的讓步狀語從句，強調表語humble。句意：盡管這里是簡陋的，但是沒有一個地方比它更像家。所以本題選擇B選項正確。

20.單選題

Shelaterconfessedthatshedidn’treallyworkoutthesolutionbyworkinghardonit.Insteadshe（）itwhenshewasdoingsomethingelse.

問題1選項

A.fellbackon

B.stumbleupon

C.fellshortof

D.squeezeoutof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組含義辨析。A選項fellbackon“依賴；依靠于……”；B選項stumbleupon“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項fellshortof“缺乏；達不到”；D選項squeezeoutof“榨出；擠出”。句意：她承認她并不真的是因為努力思考而得出的方案，而是在做其他事情的時候……想到的。說明她想出的方案是碰巧靈感來了才出現(xiàn)的。因此B選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問題1選項

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個原因應該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導第一個原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項。句意：地心說在17世紀被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因為其他天文學家的觀測結果。

22.單選題

ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman（）

PrinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15th

century.

問題1選項

A.was

B.named

C.being

D.called

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞的獨立主格結構。分詞做狀語時其邏輯主語必須與主句主語一致,

若不一致時,

則要加上自己的邏輯主語。選項B正確。句意：葡萄牙人非常贊賞一個人,

因為他促進了海上旅行,

這個人就是生活在15世紀的航海家亨利王子。

23.單選題

Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis（）happinessaway.

問題1選項

A.adversary

B.vulgar

C.fragile

D.superfluous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。adversary敵手，對手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：貧窮和家庭暴力讓她很容易相信壞事會發(fā)生，并帶走這種脆弱的幸福。只有選項C符合句意。

24.單選題

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

問題1選項

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才會回旅館。我應該等到那個時候才能表達對他送我禮物的感謝。分析題干結構，根據(jù)關鍵詞till可知空白處首先應填入—個與thenextday意思相似的副詞，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”這部分為時間狀語，引導詞應該用before，故答案選項為C。

25.單選題

Thepeople