考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽水利水電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽水利水電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally（

）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要在解釋艾米莉?迪金森生活行為古怪的原因。故選A“解釋艾米莉?迪金森古怪的行為”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為:A:拒絕進(jìn)食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒絕見來(lái)訪者,D:待在房間。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric(她越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)，呆在自己的房間里，有時(shí)拒絕面見來(lái)訪者，而她開始只穿白色的衣服這樣的習(xí)慣使她蒙上了怪人的名聲),因此只有A項(xiàng)未提及。答案選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson'slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived(傳記作者在決心用傳統(tǒng)的浪漫情節(jié)去理解迪金森的生活上，忽視了她生活的獨(dú)特方式，即她奮力去創(chuàng)造一個(gè)她生活的文化無(wú)法想象的女性生活)。因此C“從浪漫角度看待她的生活”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciation..(她的隱退不是失敗的風(fēng)流韻事的結(jié)果，而是一個(gè)更一般的放棄模式的一部分……)。因此在作者看來(lái),很多人認(rèn)為艾米莉?迪金森的隱退是因?yàn)槭〉娘L(fēng)流韻事,故選B“失敗的風(fēng)流韻事”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:...carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof"truewomanhood”(（艾米莉?迪金森）與清教徒的父親們進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)吵，用智慧去諷刺他們陰郁的加爾文教義，刻板的德高望重的上帝和他們對(duì)‘真正女性’的嚴(yán)格定義),由此可知A項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的清教徒信仰”正確。

2.單選題

Sciencesuggeststhatthegreaterpartofanoptimisticoutlookcanbe（

）withtherightinstruction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquired

B.imposed

C.traced

D.fabricated

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。acquired獲得；imposed強(qiáng)加；traced追蹤；fabricated偽造。句意：科學(xué)表明樂(lè)觀的前景大都可以通過(guò)正確的教導(dǎo)獲得。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

26-30

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(腦積水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文圍繞“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易發(fā)生異?！闭归_，A選項(xiàng)“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故選A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三種缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母親的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是針對(duì)母親本人而言的，故選D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界衛(wèi)生組織將約4億人歸為肥胖，故選C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了減重手術(shù)的懷孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk，whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】將來(lái)的研究焦點(diǎn)可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”，theseproblems指先天缺陷。

4.單選題

ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.controversial

C.conducive

D.convincing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。substantial表示“大量的，實(shí)質(zhì)的”；A項(xiàng)abundant“豐富的，充裕的”，B項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的，有爭(zhēng)論的”，C項(xiàng)conducive“有益的，有助于……的”，D項(xiàng)convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)取得了足以消除我們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品恐懼的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前面的findings（發(fā)現(xiàn)）可知只有D項(xiàng)的意思與劃線部分的意思相近，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字有點(diǎn)令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)說(shuō)的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”?？芍罴汛鸢笧锽選項(xiàng)“低于商人的預(yù)期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認(rèn)為自己主持著生產(chǎn)力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾。可以推斷出答案選擇B“他認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測(cè)出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)B選項(xiàng)“組織工作場(chǎng)所的新方法可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場(chǎng)所的新方法——所有那些重新設(shè)計(jì)和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只是對(duì)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一個(gè)方面的貢獻(xiàn)……，根據(jù)C選項(xiàng)“降低成本并不能保證帶來(lái)長(zhǎng)期利潤(rùn)”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說(shuō)，太多的公司已用機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長(zhǎng)期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據(jù)D選項(xiàng)“打通新市場(chǎng)可能增加公司的利潤(rùn)率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)力：轉(zhuǎn)向新的市場(chǎng)或改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也會(huì)有同樣的功效。只有A選項(xiàng)未在文中提及，符合題意。

6.單選題

（）tofindstarsinpairs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisverycommon

B.Beingverycommon

C.Verycommonis

D.Thatisverycommon

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式主語(yǔ)。it+be+形容詞、名詞或者過(guò)去分詞+todosth.，在此句型內(nèi)it作為形式主語(yǔ)指代todosth.的內(nèi)容，避免出現(xiàn)句子頭重腳輕的情況。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；B選項(xiàng)Withregardto“至于”；C選項(xiàng)Byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；D選項(xiàng)Accordingto“按照”。句意：______她缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，她沒能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)很大程度上讓她沒能簽成合同，A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不當(dāng)，造成誤解，就謹(jǐn)小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放開手腳。結(jié)果是喪失時(shí)機(jī)，猶如逆水行舟，不進(jìn)則退。（《鄧小平文選》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

9.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resemble“類似”；B選項(xiàng)share“共用”；C選項(xiàng)contrast“對(duì)比；對(duì)照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項(xiàng)differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說(shuō)動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)“what”以及B選項(xiàng)“that”不能引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語(yǔ)從句，故排除A，B選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，故排除。因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumed“假設(shè)；（承擔(dān)）責(zé)任”；B選項(xiàng)guessed“猜想”；C選項(xiàng)justified“調(diào)整；證明……正當(dāng)”；D選項(xiàng)reasoned“說(shuō)服”。上文說(shuō)到研究者對(duì)動(dòng)物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用，可推測(cè)此處應(yīng)填研究者的推論，B選項(xiàng)guess指的是毫無(wú)根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)animal’s“動(dòng)物，動(dòng)物世界；牲畜”；B選項(xiàng)humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項(xiàng)humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學(xué)科”；D選項(xiàng)human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人類，判斷出此處D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bond“紐帶”；B選項(xiàng)ties“結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項(xiàng)joint“關(guān)節(jié)；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項(xiàng)located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項(xiàng)situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項(xiàng)detected“檢測(cè)到的”。根據(jù)下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項(xiàng)Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項(xiàng)Becauseofthis“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)”；D選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”。由上文“當(dāng)嬰兒與母親分開時(shí)，他們會(huì)發(fā)出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨(dú)可識(shí)別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測(cè)A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)supply“供給，提供；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)help“幫助”；C選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項(xiàng)“serve”所提供的服務(wù)是虛擬的，A選項(xiàng)“supply”所提供的服務(wù)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Conversely“相反地”；B選項(xiàng)Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項(xiàng)Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項(xiàng)Comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。?lián)系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語(yǔ)），可知C項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變，改動(dòng)，修改”；B選項(xiàng)modified“修改；更改”；C選項(xiàng)revised“修改；校訂；復(fù)習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)adapted“使適應(yīng)，改編”。根據(jù)上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語(yǔ)），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項(xiàng)modified強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項(xiàng)adapted（適應(yīng)，改編）符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他們心愛的兒子過(guò)世三十年后，這對(duì)老夫婦現(xiàn)在仍然哀悼他。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。cherish珍愛;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，執(zhí)行；mourn哀悼，憂傷，服喪。根據(jù)句意“在他們心愛的兒子過(guò)世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

11.單選題

Customersinthesemarketsofantiquesaregoodatslashingprices.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessing

B.cutting

C.elevating

D.altering

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削減”；A項(xiàng)access“進(jìn)入，使用”，B項(xiàng)cut“切斷”，C項(xiàng)elevate“提升，舉起”，D項(xiàng)alter“改變，更改”。句意：這些古董市場(chǎng)的顧客很擅長(zhǎng)砍價(jià)。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Aftercenturiesofself-enforced（）,Chinahasgainedforherselfaplaceinworldaffairsthatbringsherintothecurrentofmodernhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.monopoly

C.dictatorship

D.seclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)cooperation“合作，協(xié)作”；B選項(xiàng)monopoly“壟斷”；C選項(xiàng)dictatorship“專政，專制”；D選項(xiàng)seclusion“隱居”。根據(jù)后文中國(guó)占據(jù)了一席之地，可推測(cè)，中國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)百年的自我專制，到達(dá)今天的地位。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)百年的自我實(shí)施……后，中國(guó)已經(jīng)在國(guó)際事務(wù)上占有一席之地，并進(jìn)入了現(xiàn)代歷史的浪潮。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasaglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographic(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))growthto“along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes”.

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory.Wefindthatpopulationhavebeenreallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttoknow.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighrateofdeath.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8000B.C.tillapproximately1650A.D.Andaperiodofrapidgrowthsince1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9,600years,thepopulationincreasedformsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2020therewillbe8billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“populationasaglobalissue”（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofapowerfusethat（）.

3.Whatleadstoastablegrowthofpopulationformostofhumanhistory?

4.Thereasonforarapidgrowthofpopulationliesinthefactthat（）.

5.Howmanypeopleareborneverysixhoursatpresent,accordingtotheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isquiteunlikethepopulationproblemandthusdoesn’tneedourconcern

B.focusesontrackingdownthereasonofrapidpopulationgrowth

C.dealswiththesameproblemarousedbythepopulationproblem

D.willmanagethepopulationgrowthproblemfromglobalperspectives

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toomuchpopulationwillonedayleadtothedoomofhumanbeings

B.thetrendofpopulationgrowthwillkeepunsteadyuntilthedestructionofEarth

C.demographicgrowthwillfollowacertainpatternofupsanddowns

D.itislikelyinthenearfuturethatpopulationwillreducegradually

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Speciescompetition

B.Lowfertility

C.Tribalfights

D.Highrateofdeath

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearepermittedtohavemorechildren

B.peoplecanlivebetterthanbefore

C.newbornbabiesdielessthanbefore

D.wehavefoundthesecretoflongevity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Eightymillion.

B.Eightthousand

C.Fiftythousand

D.Fivemillion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。原文首段第一句提及“Wecanbeginourdiscussionof‘populationasaglobalissue’withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss‘thepopulationproblem’…當(dāng)大多數(shù)人在討論‘人口問(wèn)題’的時(shí)候，我們也可以開始‘人口作為一個(gè)全球問(wèn)題’的討論?！庇纱丝芍?，這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是一樣的，都是由人口問(wèn)題引發(fā)的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“powerfuse”定位到第一段最后一句“Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographicgrowthto‘a(chǎn)long,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes’.它很正確地使用了一個(gè)類似的問(wèn)題，即把人口增長(zhǎng)與‘一根又長(zhǎng)又細(xì)的電源保險(xiǎn)絲，它不時(shí)地穩(wěn)定燃燒，直到最終達(dá)到極限并爆炸’聯(lián)系起來(lái)。”由此可知，作者是想通過(guò)電源保險(xiǎn)絲的例子告訴我們，人口過(guò)多總有一天會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類的滅亡，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.在人類歷史的大部分時(shí)間里，很少會(huì)有十分之一的人活過(guò)四十歲，而在這個(gè)時(shí)期，嬰兒期和兒童期是特別危險(xiǎn)的?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，導(dǎo)致人口穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)的原因是高死亡率，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容：它不僅從歷史的角度看待目前的人口增長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題，它表明了近年來(lái)人口快速增長(zhǎng)的原因不是人們突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因?yàn)楦纳屏藗鹘y(tǒng)上造成高死亡率的狀況。由此可知，人口快速增長(zhǎng)的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問(wèn)的是“目前每六小時(shí)有多少人出生?”根據(jù)最后一段的最后三句“Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.公元前8000年—1650年間，世界人口平均每年只增加5萬(wàn)人。目前，這個(gè)數(shù)字每六小時(shí)增加一次。每年大約增加8000萬(wàn)人?！庇纱丝芍F(xiàn)在每六個(gè)小時(shí)有5萬(wàn)人出生，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay（）rolesin

raisingchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incapable

B.indispensable

C.insensible

D.infinite

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在中國(guó)家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過(guò)程中充當(dāng)（）的角色。A選項(xiàng)incapable無(wú)能力的；B選項(xiàng)indispensable不可缺少的；絕對(duì)必要的；C選項(xiàng)insensible無(wú)感覺的；D選項(xiàng)infinite無(wú)限的，B選項(xiàng)indispensable符合句意。

15.單選題

TheOlympicGameswerewatchedby（

）billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtually

B.deliberately

C.literally

D.appropriately

【答案】A

【解析】句意:幾乎有數(shù)以億計(jì)的全世界觀眾觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

副詞辨析。Virtually幾乎，事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上;deliberately故意,謹(jǐn)慎地;literally字面上;appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)亍９蔄符合句意。

16.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“廢棄的，老式的”；B選項(xiàng)“侵略性的，好斗的”；C選項(xiàng)“和諧的，和睦的”；D選項(xiàng)“和藹可親的，親切的”，句意：國(guó)際體育應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造國(guó)家之間的友好關(guān)系，但在目前的奧林匹克組織中以某種方式鼓勵(lì)______愛國(guó)主義。由but可以得知和前文應(yīng)該是有轉(zhuǎn)折的，因此空格處想表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“鼓勵(lì)帶有挑釁性的愛國(guó)精神”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniver