考研考博-英語-山東杏林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東杏林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

隨著人民生活水平和消費水平的提高，中國的垃圾問題日益嚴(yán)峻，很多城市被垃圾包圍。面對日益增長的垃圾產(chǎn)量和環(huán)境狀況的惡化，中國政府正在努力推行垃極分類(garbageclassification)的政策。垃圾分類是指將垃圾分為可回收利用和不可回收利用兩類，要求人們將垃圾投放至不同的垃圾桶(trashcan)，通過不同的清理、運輸和回收方式，使之變成新的資源。

【答案】Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandardsandtheincreaseofconsumptionlevel,thegarbageprobleminChinabecomesincreasinglyurgent.Manycitiesaresurroundedbygarbage.Confrontedwiththegrowinggarbageoutputanddeterioratingenvironment,theChinesegovernmentisimplementingthepolicyofgarbageclassificationwithgreateffort.Garbageclassificationmeansdividinggarbageintorecyclableandunrecyclable,andrequirespeopletoputgarbageintodifferenttrashcanssothatitcanbecomenewresourcesthroughdifferentwaysofcleaning,transportingandrecycling.

2.單選題

Fashionmodelingsoundslikeaneasy,glamorousjob,______onlypatient,perseveringgirlscanstandthestrainofit.

問題1選項

A.but

B.and

C.so

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查語言邏輯。A項but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，B項and“和”表并列，C項so“因此”表因果，D項as“作為，因為”表方式或者原因。前一句話和后一句話存在意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，A項符合題意。句意：時裝模特聽起來像是一份簡單、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的壓力。因此A項正確。

3.單選題

Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.

問題1選項

A.model

B.covenant

C.aspiration

D.hurdle

【答案】A

【解析】句意：與此同時，人口基金，即聯(lián)合國人口活動基金，正在努力改變男子氣概的……，這種……允許通過暴力解決沖突。A選項model“模式”；B選項covenant“契約”；C選項aspiration“抱負(fù)”；D選項hurdle“障礙”。由句意可知，“模式”更適合本句語境，因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

問題1選項

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對固定，因此選D。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項最符合題意。A選項“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟和社會的成功是典型的美國人的目標(biāo)”；B選項“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場運動的人并不重視美國中產(chǎn)階級的目標(biāo)；C選項“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭”。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國社會的許多方面）可推測反主流文化改變了美國的一些價值觀，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測C選項“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運動給美國社會和經(jīng)濟帶來的變化；最后一段簡單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項“美國生活的新影響”符合題意。

5.單選題

Childrenareoften（）sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.

問題1選項

A.exposedto

B.spoiledby

C.indulgedin

D.worriedabout

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。exposedto接觸，暴露于;spoiledby被寵壞;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout為...…擔(dān)心。句意：孩子們經(jīng)常在很小的時候就接觸到運動。隨著他們長大開始上學(xué)，參加體育運動以此來結(jié)交新朋友變得活躍。只有A選項符合語境。

6.單選題

TheBushJuntaisusingthe_______ofHurricaneKatrinatocutthewagesofpeopledesperatelytryingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheircommunities.

問題1選項

A.dismantlement

B.devastation

C.scuttle

D.wreckage

【答案】B

【解析】dismemberment分割，肢解;devastation毀壞；scuttle逃避；wreckage失事。句意：布什政府正利用Katrina颶風(fēng)帶來的破壞，削減那些拼命試圖重建生活和社區(qū)的人們的工資。選項B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

Ifwewanttofosteracultureofconservation,we’llhavetoworkatchangingahostofthings,fromadstozoos,fromhowweputfoodonourplatestohowweimagineourroleintheuniverse.Outofallthesenecessarychanges,Iwishtospeakaboutonethatisclosetomyheartasastoryteller,whichistheneedtorootlanguageoncemoreintheearth.Weneedtorecoverthefertilemeaningsofwordsthatariseoutofourlongevolutionarycontactwithdirtandwind,riversandwoods,animalsandplants.

Attherootoflanguage,weoftenfindanearthywisdom.Taketheword“growth”forexample,whenDonellaMeadowsandhercolleaguepublishedareportin1972ontheprospectsforthecontinuedexpansionofthehumaneconomy,theycalledtheirbookTheLimitstoGrowth.Theverytitleprovokedoutrageinmanycircles,becauseaprimecreedinthetechno-industrialworldisthattherearenolimitstogrowth.Accordingtothiscreed,anyconstraintsimposedbynaturewillbeovercomebytechnicalingenuityorthefreemarket.Mining,drilling,pumping,clearing,plowing,manufacturing,andconsuming—alongwiththehumanpopulationthatdrivesitall—willexpandforever.Politiciansandbusinessleadersspeakofgrowthasunboundedandunambiguouslygood.

【答案】【參考譯文】如果我們想要培養(yǎng)一種保護(hù)文化，那么我們將不得不進(jìn)行許多改變，從廣告到動物園，從食物的加工過程到對自己在宇宙中角色的界定。在這些所有必要的改變中，我想要以一個講故事的人的身份來談及一個我最為關(guān)心的改變——讓語言再次回歸本土。在漫長的進(jìn)化過程中，我們與塵土、風(fēng)、河流、森林、動物和植物的接觸產(chǎn)生了詞匯，我們需要恢復(fù)這些詞匯豐富的含義。

分析語言的本質(zhì)，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)樸實的智慧。以“growth”一詞為例，當(dāng)?shù)聝?nèi)拉?梅多斯和她的同事于1972年發(fā)表了一份關(guān)于人類經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展前景的報告時，她們將其命名為《增長的極限》。正是這一標(biāo)題在很多領(lǐng)域引起了憤怒，因為技術(shù)工業(yè)世界的一個主要信條是增長不受限制。根據(jù)這個信條，自然施加的任何限制將會因技術(shù)創(chuàng)新或自由市場而被克服。采礦、鉆探、抽水、清除、耕作、制造、消費（連同作為這些行為實施者的人類）都將會不斷發(fā)展。政治家和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖說增長是不受控制的而且一定是好的。

8.單選題

Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!There'salotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,andit'scomingfromavarietyofsources,clients,fearfulthattheyaremissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”,demandsomekindofwhiz-bang（尖端）demonstrationoftechnologyfromagencies.Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.Collegekidsenterthemarketplaceaimedwithcomputerliteracycompletelyalientomanyveteranpractitioners.Andinsomecases,membersofthemediademandthatinformationbepackagedtoaccommodatetheirparticulartechnologicalpreferences.

Istechnologynowthetailwaggingdog?Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.Allofthismillenniumtalkhasproducedanunnecessarylevelofanxietyaboutthenecessityoftechnologicalinnovation一theideathatyouarelight-yearsbehindunlessyouarelight-yearsahead.Relax!Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.Solidresearch,strongwritingskills,creativity,andanappreciationforthevaluesofthemediaarethebackboneoftheprofession,regardlessofhowinformationispackaged.

Evenifthespeedofinformationtransmissionisincreasing,hightechisn'tforeveryone.Allclientsdon'tneedindividualwebpagesandsummariesofchatroomactivity.Whenconsideringapplicationsofnewtechnologies,considertheaudiencesforyourclient.Aretheycomfortablewithtechnology?Dotheyhaveaccesstothedistributionsystemsyouareconsidering?Dotheyhavetheskillsandknowledgetousethesesystems?Dotheynavigatetheweb,useCD-ROMorevenownaVCR?

Considertheimageofthecompanyitself.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.

Yes,awebpagecanbeacost-efficientcommunicationtoolwhenyouconsidertheminimalmediacost.Butonceit'supandrunning,you'vegottokeepitfresh,andthatmeansacontinualallocationoftimeandspecializedresources.Inthehyper-speedmodelofcommunications,nothingisolderthaninformationthatisbothoutdatedandon-line.Andtoinformationconsumers,yourwebpagewillceasetobeasourceifitisn'tkeptcurrent.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebpagesbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.Thegapbetweenwhatthecandidatewassayingandwhatthewebpagewasshowingbecameastoryinitself.Ifyou'regoingtohaveapresenceontheInternet,youhavetobudgetforregularmaintenance.Otherwise,youareputtingasignupthatsays“toocheaptoberelevant”.

1.Therecententhusiasmfornewtechnologyispartlybroughtonby（）.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftherecentnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelations?

3.The“tailwaggingdog”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theroleofnewtechnologyinpublicrelations（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatawebpage（）.

問題1選項

A.electronicinnovations

B.thedevelopmentofnewinteractivesoftware

C.consumers'fearofbeingleftbehindthetide

D.thepopularizationoftheWeb

問題2選項

A.Itindicatesasuddenrealizationofanoncomingradicalchangeinpublicrelations.

B.Itremindsusofthefactthattechnologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.

C.Itissuperficialanddoesnotmeanthatweareusheringinanewage.

D.Itisasuresignthatwearemissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”.

問題3選項

A.theoverwhelminglypredominantthing

B.thedogthattucksitstailbetweenitslegs

C.thethingtobetamedurgently

D.theproblemtobetackledatonce

問題4選項

A.can'tbetooemphasizedintoday'sworld

B.isunnecessarilyexaggerated

C.isnotfullyrecognizedyet

D.ismoreimportanttothecompanythantotheclient

問題5選項

A.canusuallyprovidetheviewerswiththelatestinformation

B.isnotagoodideaunlessitsinformationisupdatedconstantly

C.maytakemoremoneytobesetupandkeptrunningthanimagined

D.canfindextensiveapplicationsinpresidentialelections

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.”行業(yè)出版商不斷吹捧最新的和最偉大的電子創(chuàng)新。所以，人們對新技術(shù)的熱情，有一部分是來源于電子創(chuàng)新。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.”技術(shù)一直是專業(yè)人士用來幫助他們工作的工具。選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，技術(shù)一直是專業(yè)人士用來幫助他們工作的工具。建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測和滿足客戶和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。也就是說新技術(shù)并不是公共關(guān)系中起關(guān)鍵作用的主流事物。所以“tailwaggingdog”指具有壓倒性優(yōu)勢的事物，選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第五句“Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.”建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測和滿足客戶和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。所以說沒必要夸大新技術(shù)在公共關(guān)系中的作用。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，網(wǎng)頁一旦啟用，就需要一直的保持新鮮感，也就是說，信息需要不斷的更新。選項B符合原文。

9.單選題

Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates

vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.

問題1選項

A.assembled

B.accommodated

C.accumulated

D.appreciated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。assembled“裝配，組合”；accommodated“安排，為……提供住宿”；accumulated“積累”；appreciated“欣賞”。句意：上世紀(jì)70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油國家通過出售石油獲得了巨額財富。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

（）wehadnotmadeanymistakesin

thecalculations!

問題1選項

A.Butfor

B.Ifonly

C.Let

D.Without

【答案】B

【解析】句意：要是我們的計算沒有出錯就好了！

Ifonly此處指要是……就好了,表達(dá)愿望。butfor指要不是。

11.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問題2選項

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問題3選項

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問題4選項

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問題5選項

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

12.單選題

Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan（

）thesituation.

問題1選項

A.envisage

B.disperse

C.diffuse

D.redeem

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項envisage“正視，面對”；B選項disperse“分散，分開，使傳播”；C選項diffuse“擴散”；D選項redeem“贖回，挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要，并且如果最終書目決定錯了，即使再多的邏輯信息也無法挽救這個局面?！疍選項正確。

13.單選題

Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin（）heareasofleastexperience.

問題1選項

A.thatitmightbecalled

B.whatmightbecalled

C.whichmightbecalled

D.itmightbecalled

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。空格處所填詞在介詞in的賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語的成分，因此只有B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問題1選項

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動亂”；C選項pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項storm“暴風(fēng)雨，大動蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethnever（）achrome(chance)topracticeherChinese.

問題1選項

A.passedby

B.passedon

C.passedout

D.passedup

【答案】D

【解析】passby經(jīng)過，走過；passon去世，傳遞；passout昏倒，失去知覺；passup拒絕，錯過。passupachancetodosth.錯過或放棄做某事的機會。句意：在北京逗留的兩周中，Elizabeth從未錯過任何一個練習(xí)漢語的機會。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoil—thebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”inPara.2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury

問題2選項

A.Toemphasizetherailroad’sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項

A.Railwayworkers

B.Farmers

C.Europeans

D.Citydwellers

問題4選項

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位在第二段中Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.（在美國工業(yè)化的過程中一個關(guān)鍵的發(fā)展是鐵路的發(fā)展。）以及全文都在介紹影響美國工業(yè)化的因素（如鐵、煤和石油等原材料、勞動力等）綜合而知，C選項“影響美國工業(yè)化的因素”正確，符合題意。A選項“美國的鐵路發(fā)展史”，B選項“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”及D選項“農(nóng)業(yè)在19世紀(jì)的角色”在文中均未提及，可排除。故選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第二段中TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.（鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴張，直到美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，這些鋼鐵絲狀物將原材料產(chǎn)地，原材料的生產(chǎn)和配送中心連在一起。）由此可知，美國的鐵路路線多，且像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。因此B選項“去描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”正確，符合題意。A選項“去強調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗”，C選項“去解釋鐵路擴張帶來的問題”，D選項“去描述原材料配送中涉及的困難”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章的第三段Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.（工廠的這些產(chǎn)品很快被居住了工人和批發(fā)商的城市所消耗。）工廠產(chǎn)品的最大消費者是居住在那里的人。因此D選項“城市居住者”正確，符合題意。A選項“鐵路工人”，B選項“農(nóng)民”，C選項“歐洲人”，均不符合題意，可排除。故選D。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段中AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.（美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)趕得上美國城市的需求，且仍然有剩余以銷售到歐洲的工業(yè)中心。）可知D選項“他們不能為城市生產(chǎn)足夠的食物”錯誤，與原文不符。也能夠知道C選項“他們將食物銷售到歐洲國家”正確，與原文相符。由第三段中的倒數(shù)第二句Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.（城市人口的增加得益于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的增加，反過來，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)因新的農(nóng)業(yè)機械的使用而變得更多產(chǎn)）可知B選項“他們通過使用新機械而提高了生產(chǎn)力”正確，與原文相符。由最后一段中ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.（工廠運行和鐵路建設(shè)的勞動力部分來自美國的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，那里的人正被農(nóng)業(yè)機械所取代，一部分來自于亞洲，一部分來自歐洲。）可知A選項“他們由于機械化而失去了一些工作”，正確，與原文相符。故選D。

17.單選題

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

問題1選項

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:湯姆向書商抱怨這本字典缺了幾頁。

語法題。考查后置定語。分析題干跟選項可知空格處為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語修飾severalpages,表示“丟失了的”。四個選項中,losing失敗的,使受損失的;lost失去的,喪失的,迷路的。這兩項一般不放在被修飾詞后作定語。Missing丟失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

18.翻譯題

(1)StanBelin(斯坦?貝林)wasborninthe1930stoanurbanfamilylockedinthegripoftheGreatDepression.Hiswasafracturedfamily,oneinwhichhisparentsfoughtconstantly.Ilivedwithafeelingofimpendingdoom,hesays.Thisfeardrovehimtobeamodelchild.

Stanhasavividmemoryofonceleaningagainstabridgerailingasaboyandgazingatahandsomepartyboatpassingbelow.Hecouldseepeopleondeckenjoyingtheirouting.(2)Itwasasceneofcomfortandluxuryhecouldhardlyhaveimagined.Thatmentalpictureinfluencedtheboy’sideaofsuccess.Hisgoalsbecamemoney,power,andprestige.

Standidwellinschool.Hefoundhisgreatestacademicsuccessinhissciencecourses.Buthelackedtheconfidencetopursueamedicalcareerandturnedtodentistryasaquickerroutetohislife’sgoals.

(3)Hemarriedayoungwomanhehadknownsincehighschool,andforover20yearsStanandJanelivedalifethatmanypeoplewouldenvy.Hisreputationspread,themoneystartedrollinginandhewasappointedtoaprestigiouspositionbyhisstategovernment.Twohealthychildrenwereborn.

(4)Thefamilyhadamagnificenthouse,expensiveautomobilesandtookexoticvacations.

ThecrowningtouchforStancamewhenheboughtaluxuryyachtandsailedtothebridgewhere,asachild,hehadfirstglimpsedwhathehopedwouldbehisfuture.“ItoldJanethestory,”hesays.(5)“AsIspoke,Irealizedthatsomethingwasallwrong.IpossessedeverythingIhadeverdreamedof,butIfeltverysadandhopeless.Whatwasworse,Iknewitwouldneverchange.”

Thenintheearly1980s,adoctorfriendinvitedStantodinner.Thefriendsaidhehadbeenusingcocaineasanantidepressant.Hedescribeditasamarvelousnoaddictivedrug.Standecidedthedrugmightbejustrightforhisowndepression.

【答案】1.斯坦?貝林出生于20世紀(jì)30年代一個陷入經(jīng)濟大蕭條困境之中的城市家庭。

2.這種舒適與奢侈的情景是他無法想象的。這一情景銘刻在他的腦海里，影響著他對成功的看法。

3.他娶了一位中學(xué)時代就認(rèn)識的女子為妻，20多年來，他和妻子簡過著令人稱羨的生活。

4.他們有華麗的住宅和昂貴的汽車，還常常出國度假。

5.說話時，我忽然意識到情況很不對勁。我已擁有曾經(jīng)夢寐以求的一切，但卻感到悲傷無望。更糟糕的是，我知道這種狀況將永遠(yuǎn)不會改變。

19.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,the