考研考博-英語-山東科技大學(xué)泰山科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東科技大學(xué)泰山科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

We（）afigureofamanclingingtothemastoftheship.

問題1選項

A.discerned

B.dispatched

C.dissipated

D.diminished

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：我們（）那個倚靠在船桅桿的人。discerned認(rèn)出，識別；dispatched派遣，分派；dissipated驅(qū)散，放蕩；diminished減少，縮小。因此，A項符合句意。

2.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered______ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。separatelyfrom“獨立的”,independently和of搭配。句意：語言、文化和個性被認(rèn)為是相互獨立存在的，但是實際上是不可分割的。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

問題1選項

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項asaresult“結(jié)果”；B選項considering“考慮到……”；C選項whatever“無論什么，不管怎樣”；D選項onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物體，不論其獨特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化學(xué)和物理特性。根據(jù)句意，可以看出C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

問題1選項

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】語義題。句意:他對數(shù)學(xué)知之甚少，對化學(xué)知道的就更少了。

evenmore:更多地，更加;stillless:更不用說，更何況;noless:仍然，不相上下;stillmore:更多。因此B項符合句意。

5.單選題

Inspiteofthetaxingbusinessschedule,hemanagedtotakesometimeoffforexercise.

問題1選項

A.imposing

B.demanding

C.compulsory

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。taxing表示“費力的”；A項imposing“壯觀的”，B項demanding“苛求的，吃力的”，C項compulsory“義務(wù)的”，D項temporary“暫時的”。句意：盡管業(yè)務(wù)繁忙，他還是抽出時間鍛煉身體。根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。

6.單選題

SeveralofAsianprofessorswhospokeattheconferenceexpressedtheirsupportfortheideaofholdingaspecialmeetinginPerthtofacilitatemultinationalresearchontheeconomicAproblemsfacingthecountriesaroundtheIndianOcean.

問題1選項

A.SeveralofAsianprofessors

B.attheconference

C.problemsfacingthe

D.countriesaroundthe

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】A

【解析】介詞多余。Several后面去掉Of。

7.填空題

Thesedrugs________alertness,elevatemood,anddecreasefatigueandtheneedforsleep,buttheyoftenmakeusersirritableandtalkative.(height)

【答案】heighten

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】Thesedrugs為句子主語，橫線處為謂語動詞。結(jié)合語境，這里先列出了這些藥物的治療功效，然后列出藥物副作用，其中一個功效就是_____警覺性，heighten的意思為“（使）加強，提高，增加”，符合語境。

【句意】這些藥物會提高警覺性，改善情緒，減少疲勞和睡眠需求，但它們往往讓服用者易怒并且健談。

8.翻譯題

人們最初是怎樣發(fā)明文字的現(xiàn)在依然不為人所知。換句話說，語言的起源是個謎。我們所了解的人們與動物不同，他們不知用何種方法發(fā)明了一些聲音來表達(dá)思想和感情、行為和事物，以便能互相交流。后來他們在一些稱作字母的符號上達(dá)成一致意見，這些字母可以合在一起代表這些聲音，而且可以書寫。這些聲音，無論是以口頭還是字母的形式出現(xiàn)，都稱作單詞。

【答案】Howdidmenfirstlearntoinventwords?Itisstillunknowntopeople;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwesupposeisthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds,inonewayoranother,toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtopresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.

9.單選題

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.

問題1選項

A.Passion.

B.Determination.

C.Capability.

D.Action.

問題2選項

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol

問題3選項

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.

問題4選項

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines

問題5選項

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfully

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdo

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?21.以下哪一項是19世紀(jì)性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素？

A.Passion.A.激情，熱情

B.Determination.B.決心

C.Capability.C.能力

D.Action.D.行動

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the19th-centurycharactermodel定位第一段倒數(shù)第二句“作為靈魂的船長，你的工作就是建立水壩來控制這些激情（keepthesepassionsincheck）”，以及最后一句“你的工作就是對懶惰、欲望、貪婪、吸毒和其他罪惡說不（sayno）”，可知，在19世紀(jì)，最首要的性格模范就是“決心”，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項屬于出處錯位，性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素就是決心控制激情；

C、D選項在該處沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

22.【選項釋義】

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.22.19世紀(jì)的性格模范被認(rèn)為是行不通的，原因是______。

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetimeA.它在大多數(shù)時候都沒有令人滿意地發(fā)揮作用

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundlessB.將自由意志比作大壩是毫無根據(jù)的

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC.人們應(yīng)該仔細(xì)考慮自己想做什么

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrolD.還有許多其他因素超出了一個人的控制

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第三段第二句“今天，我們知道自由意志是有限的”，以及第三句“人們可以改變自己的生活，但有序的改變并不簡單，因為很多事情（manythings），甚至是我們自身的事情，都超出了我們的直接控制（beyondourdirectcontrol）”，可知，因為很多因素都超出了直接的控制，所以難以有序的改變生活，D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項定位第二段第四句“你的意志力不像水壩，不能阻擋任性的洪流”，可知，文中并沒有提到將自由意志比作大壩是groundless，該項曲解原文；

C選項表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項釋義】

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?23.杜克大學(xué)的這項研究的主要意義是什么？

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.A.習(xí)慣是一個人行為的關(guān)鍵。

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.B.一個人的行為很難改變。

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.C.習(xí)慣和意志力都很重要。

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.D.習(xí)慣有一個未知的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息DukeUniversity定位第三段第四句“例如，我們的許多行為都是由潛意識習(xí)慣引導(dǎo)的（guidedbyunconscioushabits）”，以及第五句“杜克大學(xué)的研究人員計算出，超過40%的行為是由習(xí)慣決定的（governedbyhabit），而不是實際的決定”，可知，很多的行為都是習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的，A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項屬于反向干擾，杜克大學(xué)的研究就是“大部分行為由習(xí)慣決定”，所以該項中的willpower不符合原文；

D選項在第三段最后一句有提到，“習(xí)慣的結(jié)構(gòu)是：線索、例行公事和獎勵”，該項屬于反向干擾。

24.【選項釋義】

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.24.根據(jù)新的性格模范，個人行為可以通過______改變。

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponsesA.通過暗示來操縱習(xí)慣性的神經(jīng)反應(yīng)

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabitsB.通過暗示停止所有之前無意識的習(xí)慣

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcuesC.通過技巧來設(shè)計不同的身體暗示

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutinesD.通過技巧來補充舊的習(xí)慣

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位第六段第二句“你應(yīng)該設(shè)計策略來改變暗示和慣例（devisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines）”，可知，新的性格典范是通過設(shè)計策略提供暗示改變自己的行為習(xí)慣，所以C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位第五段“因此，他們的研究暗示了一種不同的性格典范，該典范被認(rèn)為可以操縱內(nèi)部的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（manipulatetheneuralnetworksinside）”，可知A項中的neuralresponses和neuralnetworks并不相符，該項曲解原文；

B選項中的stop和原文中的alter并不相符，屬于曲解原文；

D選項中的supplement和原文中的alter并不相符，也屬于曲解原文。

25.【選項釋義】

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.25.從文章中我們得知，新的性格典范______。

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfullyA.已經(jīng)成功地改變了行為

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviourB.更好地處理行為的情感方面

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchangeC.強調(diào)習(xí)慣改變的神經(jīng)和心理方面

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdoD.可以給人的生活帶來改變，就像廣告商做的那樣

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位倒數(shù)第二段，第一句“這有點令人不安，因為重要的習(xí)慣性神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅僅是由慣例形成的（notformedbymereroutine），也不可能由聰明的暗示逆轉(zhuǎn)”，以及第二句“它們被情感所燃燒（burnedinbyemotion），被強烈的渴望所強化（strengthenedbystrongyearnings），就像對贊美和正義的渴望一樣”，可知，新的性格典范重視習(xí)慣改變的神經(jīng)和心理的方面，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項文中并沒有提到成功改變了行為，屬于無中生有；

B選項也沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項定位到最后一段第一句“如果你認(rèn)為你可以用一種聰明的方式改變你的生活，就像廣告商讓你買空氣清新劑那樣，你可能錯了”，可知，該項與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

10.單選題

Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.

問題1選項

A.thebest

B.thebetter

C.betterthan

D.asgoodas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配?！癟he+比較級，the+比較級”，表示“越……就越……”，B選項正確。句意是‘達(dá)爾文指出，一個生物擁有的生存特征越多，該物種拙有這些特征的機會越大?！?/p>

11.單選題

Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto（）whatcouldhavehappened.

問題1選項

A.rehearse

B.reiterate

C.reinforce

D.reenact

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。rehearse“排練”；reiterate“重申”；reinforce“增強”；reenact“重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他們倆都注視著犯罪現(xiàn)場技術(shù)人員對各種纖維取樣、裝袋、去除灰塵、提取指紋、拍照，并且試圖重現(xiàn)當(dāng)時發(fā)生的事情。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】atthecostof

以...為代價；onthevergeof瀕臨于,

接近于；asaresultof因此,

由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,

以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Thenewfindings,reportedbyU.S.andUKscientistsintheJournalofEpidemiologyandCommunityHealth,suggestthatformaldehydeinfoodpackagingmay（）yourfood,butthatdoesn’tmakeitdangerous.

問題1選項

A.contaminate

B.contemplate

C.denounce

D.disrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項contaminate表示“污染，弄臟”；B選項contemplate表示“沉思，注視”；C選項denounce表示“譴責(zé)，告發(fā)，公然抨擊”；D選項disrupt表示“破壞，分裂，瓦解”。由句意可知，這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明食品包裝中的甲醛可能會污染食物，因此contaminate的詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為A選項。

14.單選題

PelerEigen,65-year-old,chairmanofTransparencyInternational,theglobalanti-corruptionwatchdog,isproudofalargephotographonhisofficewall.ItpictureshimalongsideMwaiKibaki,theKenyanpresident,andJamesWolfensohn,presidentoftheWorldBank.

Thepicture,takenshortlyafterMr.Kibaki’sinaugurationinJanuary,showsthethreemeninfriendlydiscussionatameetinginNairobi,theKenyancapital.“ThisphotoisveryspecialbecauseitshowshowfarTransparencyInternationalhascomesincewesetitup10yearsago，”saysMr.Eigenwithasmile.

Beforeleadingagroupoffriendsin1993toformTIinaone-roomBerlinoffice,Mr.EigenworkedattheWorldBankfor25years.HisfinalpositionwasseniorprogrammemanagerineastAfrica,basedinNairobi.（1）“Iwastoldthatfightingcorruptionwasnotpartofthebank’smandate,”hesays.

ThisledhimtoleaveKenyaandthebankandstartcampaigning.

Thepictureshowshowthingshavecomefullcircle.

（2）

About60peopleworkinthehead-quartersinwestBerlin.TI’sannualCorruptionPerceptionsIndex,rankingnationalcorruptionlevels,hasbecomeabenchmarkformanygovernments.

（3）

“Thiswouldhavebeenunthinkable”afewyearsago,Mr.Eigensays.

Aseriesofclosed-doormeetingsinthemid-1990sinBerlinwithchiefexecutivesfromleadingGermanmultinationalslaidthegroundworkforinternationalaction.“Wemovedtheexecutivesfrombeingdefensivetoadmittingthattherewasabigproblem.

（4）

“

Ti’ssolutionwasjointpressurefromthecompaniesonthegovernmenttosigntheOECDconventionagainstbribe-payingand,later,thesigningofagreementsbetweencompaniesnottousebriberytowincontracts.

（5）

Mr.EigenarguesthatTPsapproach,basedon“buildingcoalitions,notonconfrontation,”hasbroughtresults.

問題1選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題2選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題3選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題4選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題5選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:F

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窬渥拥那熬涮峒癙eterEigen曾經(jīng)的職務(wù)，后句提及反腐并

不是銀行的工作。結(jié)合前后文可以判斷，空格處句子應(yīng)含有corruption和bank這樣的單詞。選項D符合條件。

2.分析原文第五段的內(nèi)容可知，本段內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于TI公司的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。選項A與段落意思一致。

3.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂耙痪渲v到了公司提供的年度腐敗指數(shù)成為很多政府的基準(zhǔn)。后一句提到這在幾年前還難以置信。前后兩句都是談?wù)摰墓居绊懥?。由此可知，空格處句子也?yīng)該與公司影響有關(guān)。選項E中提及公司的反腐已經(jīng)提上世界日程，包括聯(lián)合國。符合語境。

4.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂耙痪渲刑岬健癮bigproblem”，接下來的內(nèi)容就與這一重要問題相關(guān)。選項B中的thencametheimportantproblem與前文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窈笠痪涮峒肮镜牟呗?approach)是公司之間的合作(coalitions),

而非對抗?？崭袼诰渲袘?yīng)出現(xiàn)approach這一單詞，選項F中的workingclose與coalition呼應(yīng)。

15.單選題

Schoolchildrenoughttobe（）totheirparentsandteachers.

問題1選項

A.alien

B.transient

C.obedient

D.current

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項alien“外國的；相異的”；B選項transient“短暫的；路過的”；C選項obedient“服從的；孝順的”；D選項current“現(xiàn)在的；最近的”。句意：學(xué)齡兒童應(yīng)該……父母和老師。句中主語是Schoolchildren，由關(guān)鍵信息totheirparentsandteachers“對其父母和老師”要服從。因此C選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Thetwomostimportant______inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項element“元素，基礎(chǔ)”，指一個整體中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分；B選項component“組成部分，成分”，指一個整體的組成部分；C選項ingredient“成分，(尤指烹飪)原料”；D選項constituent“選民，成分，構(gòu)成要素”指某一整體不可少的部分或成分。根據(jù)flourandsugar可知選C。句意：做蛋糕最重要的兩種原料是面粉和糖。

17.單選題

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac,oralveolus,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillaryarebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperratetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)aboutone-fifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood;(2)analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheairand(3)moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide

（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

問題1選項

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

問題2選項

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

問題3選項

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

問題4選項

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

問題5選項

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs(所以氧氣很容易穿過薄壁，從肺泡擴(kuò)散到血液，而二氧化碳則很容易穿過薄壁，從血液擴(kuò)散到肺泡),故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干為:當(dāng)血液由心臟返回到肺部時…。第二段指出:Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen(所以進(jìn)入肺泡的血液含有很多溶解的二氧化碳和很少的氧氣),故選B(血液里含有更多二氧化碳)。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair(由胸腔運動導(dǎo)致的呼吸將使用過的空氣排出肺泡，然后吸入新鮮空氣)。故選A(幫助氧氣和二氧化碳在肺部交換)。

4.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout(當(dāng)呼氣和吸氣時，氮氣保持不變)。故選C(吸氣時保持不變)。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated(氣道和氣泡內(nèi)壁水分會蒸發(fā)，直到空氣飽和狀態(tài))。故選B(水分蒸發(fā))。

18.單選題

（

）,Imustdoanotherexperiment.

問題1選項

A.Beiteversolate

B.Itiseversolate

C.Itbeeversolate

D.Solateitbeever

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句的倒裝。根據(jù)選項及句意，可推測空格指“盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個實驗”，Beiteversolate是由Thoughit(may)beeversolate而來，省略了though再將be移至主語it之前而來。句意：盡管很晚了，但我必須再做一個實驗。

19.單選題

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.

問題1選項

A.straightforward

B.partial

C.favorable

D.hostile

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。straightforward坦率的，明確的；partial偏愛的；favorable喜愛的；hostile敵對的，不友善的。句意：因為女銷售員對顧客的態(tài)度不友善，經(jīng)理投去了責(zé)備的目光。選項D符合句意。

20.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”W