北京頤和園英文導游辭

北京頤和園英文導游辭

Thetourwilltake4-6hours.Therouteisasfollows:

OutsidetheEastGate-sidetheEastGate–infrontoftheHallofbenevolenceandLongevity-infrontofGardenofVirtuousHarmony-infrontoftheGrandTheaterBuilding-alakesidewalkfromtheGardenofVirtuousHarmonytotheHalloJadeRipples-infrontoftheoJadeRipples-infrontoftheYiyunguan(ChamberofMortalBeing)-Hallofhappinessandlongevity-infrontoftheYaoyue(ChamberofMortalBeings)-HallofHappinessandLongevity-infrontoftheYaoyue(InvitingtheMoon)GateoftheLongCorridor-strollingalongtheLongCorridor-visitinganexhibitionofculturalrelics-infrontoftheHallofDispellingClouds-insidetheHallofDispellingClouds-atoptheTowerofBuddhistIncense-onahilltopleadingfromthebackdooroftheTowerofBuddhistIncense-onahilltopleadingfromthebackdooroftheTowerofBuddhistIncense-insidetheGardenofHarmoniousInterest–outsidethesouthgatetoSuzhouShoppingStreet-atopthestonebridgeinsidetheSuzhoushoppingstreet–ontheroadfromthesouthgateofsuzhoushoppingstreet-ontheroadformthesouthgateofsuzhoushoppingstreettothemarbleboat-infrontoftheruinsoftheGardenofpletespring–alongthelakesidebythemarbleboat-boatingontheKunmingLake-leavingoutthroughtheEastGate.

(Outsidetheeastgate)

LadiesandGentlemen:WeletotheSummerPalace.(Aftertheself-introductionoftheguide-interpreter)Ihopethiswillbeaninterestingandenjoyabledayforyou.

Duringourtour,youwillbeintroducedtotimehonoredhistoricalandculturaltraditions,aswellaspicturesqueviewsandlandscapes.

TheconstructionoftheSummerPalacefirststartedin1750.Atthattime,theQingDynastywasinitsheydayandChinawasapowerfulAsiancountrywithvastterritories.ThemonarchinpowerthenwasEmperorQianlong.Withsupremepowerandlargesumsofmoney,hesummonedskillfulandingeniousartisansfromalloverthecountrytocarryoutthisconstructionworkinhonorofhismother`sbirthday.After15yearsandoneseventhofthenation`sannualrevenuespent,theGardenofClearRippleswaspletedandservedasatestimonytoChina`sscientificandtechnologicalachievements.In1860,thisvastroyalgardenwasburntdownalongwiththeYuanmingYuan(GardenofPerfectionandBrightness)byAngol-Frenchalliedforces.In1888,EmpressDowagerCixireconstructedthegardenonthesamesiteandrenamedittheGardenofNurturedHarmony(SummerPalace).Characterizedbyitsvastscopeandrichculturalembodiments,theSummerPalacehasbeeoneofthemostfamoustouristsitesintheworld.

ThisisthemainentrancetotheSummerPalace-theEastGateOntopoftheeavesofthedoorthereisaplaquebearingaChineseinscriptionwhichmeans“GardenofNurturedHarmony〞,whosecalligrapherwasEmperorGuangxu.Thegatethatyouarenowenteringwasusedexclusivelybytheemperor,theempressandthequeermother.Allothersusedthesidedoors.

(InsidetheEastGate)

theSummerPalacecanbedividedintotwoparts:LongevityHillandKunmingLake.Thewholegardencoversanareaof290hectares,ofwhihthree-fourthsconsistsofalakeandrivers.Thisimperialgardenfeatures3,000room-unitsandcoversanexpanseof70,000squaremeterswithmorethan100picturesquespotsofinterest.ThelayoutoftheSummerPalaceincludesthreegroupsofarchitectures:palaceswheretheemperorattendedtostateaffairs,restingpalacesoftheemperorandempress,andsightseeingareas.EnteringtheEastGatewewillethetheofficequarters.EnteringtheEastgatewewilletotheofficequarters.Theannexhallsonbothsideswereusedforofficialsonduty.

ThisistheGateofBenevolenceandLongevity.AbovethedoorthereisaplaquebearingthesamenameinbothChineseandManchuriancharacters.ThegiganticrockintheforegroundisknownasTaihurock,orerodedlimestone,quarriedinJiangsuProvinceandplacedheretodecoratedthegarden.

Onthemarbleterracesitsabronzemythicalbeast,knownasQilinorXuanni.ItwassaidtotheoneoftheninesonsofDragonKing.Apointofpeculiarinterestisthatithastheheadofadragon,antlersofadeer,thetailofalionandhoovesofaox,andiscoveredwithauniqueskin.ITwasconsideredanauspiciouscreaturethatbroughtpeaceandprosperity.

ThisgrandhallistheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Itwasbuiltin1750,andwasknownastheHallofIndustriousGovernment.EmperorQianlongruledthatthehallswheremonarchsattendedtostateaffairswouldbenamedafterthem.AftertherebuildingoftheSummerPalace,thehallwasrenamed,suggestingthatbenevolentrulerswouldenjoylonglives.

Thearrangementofthehallhasbeenleftuntouched.Inthemiddleofthehallstandsathronemadeofsandalwoodandcarvedwithbeautifuldesigns.Inthebackgroundthereisascreencarvedwithninefrolickingdragons.Oneithersideofthethronetherearetwobigfansmadeofpeacockfeathers,twocolumn-shapedincenseburners,crane-shapedlanternsandanincenseburnerassumingtheformofLuduan,amythologicalanimalwhichwassupposetohavethepowertopreventfire.ThesmallchambersoneightsidewerewheretheEmperorQianlongandEmpressDowagerCixirestedandmetofficialsonformaloccasions.

Ontheverandahintheforegroundofthehalltherearebronzestatuesofdragonandphoenixeswhichservedasincenseburnersonmajoroccasions.Theyarehollowandsmokeesthroughholesontheirbacks.AlsoontheverandaareTaiPing(Peace)bronzewatervatsmadeduringthereignofEmperorQianlong.Asaprecautionincaseoffire,afirewaslitunderneaththevatsinthewintertokeepthewaterinthemfromfreezing.

(AttheentranceofGardenofVirtuousHarmony)

wearenowvisitingtheGardenofVirtuousHarmony,whereEmperorQianlongandEmpressDowagerCixiwereentertainedwithBeijingOperaperformances.ITmainlyconsistsoftheDressingHouse,TheGrandTheaterBuildingandtheHallofpleasuresmiles.ThegrandTheaterBuildingknownasthe“CradleofBeijingOpera〞wasuniquelylaidoutandmagnificentlydecorated.OnSeptember10,1984,theGardenofVirtuousHarmonyopeneditsdoorstovisitors.Therearealso7exhibitionhallswitharticlesofdailyuseondisplayhere.ThestaffhereputupcourtdressesofQingDynastyinordertogivethevisitoramorevividimpression.

(InfrontoftheGrandTheaterBuilding)

thisbuildingis21metersinheightand17metersinwidthandfeaturesthreetiersoftiltedeavesandstages.Allofthestagesareconnectedtoaraise,andawinchisinstalledatthetop.Awelland5pondsweresunkunderthegroundstage.Therearetrapdoorsintheceilingforfairiestodescend,aswellasonthefloorfordemonstosurface.Theundergroundpassagesalsoservedasameansofimprovingresonanceandmakingtheperformers`voicesmoreaudible.OfthethreemaintheaterbuildingoftheQingDynasty,theGrandTheaterBuildingisthetallestandthelargest.TheothertwoareChangyin(FluentVoice)PavilioninChengde,animperialsummerresort.ThebuildingplayedamajorpartinfosteringthebirthanddevelopmentofBeijingopera:sincethepletionoftheGrandTheaterBuilding,manyperformanceswereheldinitinhonoroftheEmpressDowagerCixi.

(AlakesidewalkfromtheGardenofVirtuousHarmonytotheHallofJadeRipples)

wearenowstandinginthemiddleofarockerybehindtheHallofBenevolentandlongevity.Itappearsthatthere`snothingspecialahead.However,afterwecleartherockery,wewillreachKunmingLake.ThisisaapplicationofaspecificstyleofChinesegardening.

Notfarawayinthelakethereisaislet.Itisfilledwithpeachandweepingwillowtreesandservesasaidealplacetoappreciatethescenery.ThepavilionontheisletiscalledZhichun(UnderstandingSpring)Pavilionandischardcterizedbyfour-edged,multipleeavedroofs.

(InfrontoftheHallofJadeRipples)

thisgroupofspecialandquietcourtyarddwellingistheHallofjadeRipples.ItwasfirstusedbyEmperorQianlongtoattendtostateaffairs.ITwasalsowhereEmperorGuangxuofthelateQingdynastywaskeptunderhousearrest.

ThishallisahallmarkoftheReformMovementof1898,EmperorGuanxuwasEmpressDowagerCixi`snephew.AfterEmperorTongzhidied,EmpressDowagerCiximadehernephew,whowasatthattimefouryearsoldasuccessorinordertocontinueherwieldingofpowerbehindthescenes.WhenEmperorGuanxuwas19yearsold,EmpressDowagerCixirelinquishedpowertohimbutcontinuedtoexertconsiderableinfluence.In1898,theReformMovementtookplacewiththeaimofsustainingthecornprinciplesoftheQingDynastywhilereformingoutdatedlaws.Themovementlastedfor103daysuntilitwassuppressedbyEmpressDowagerCixi.Theemperor`ssixearnestreformistswerebeheadedandEmperorGuangxuwasplacedunderhousearrestwhichlastedfor10years.Allthebackdoorsweresealedandabrickwaswasputupbehindthewoodenpartitiononeachsideofthetwoannexesofthecourtyard.EmperorGuangxuwascloselywatchedbyeunuchs.Thewallremainsintactfortouriststosee..Dynastywhilereformingoutdatedlaws.Themovementlastedfor103daysuntilitwassuppressedbyEmpressDowagerCixi.Theemperor`ssixearnestreformistswerebeheadedandEmperorGuangxuwasplacedunderhousearrestwhichlastedfor10years.Allthebackdoorsweresealedandabrickwaswasputupbehindthewoodenpartitiononeachsideofthetwoannexesofthecourtyard.EmperorGuangxuwascloselywatchedbyeunuchs.Thewallremainsintactfortouriststosee.

(InfrontofYiyunguan(ChamberofMortalBeings)

thiswaswhereEmpressandempressdowagerofChina`sfeudalsystem.However,EmperorGuanxuwasnotthelastemperoroftheQingDynasty.ThelastinthelinewasEmperorPuyi,whoascendedthethronein1908attheageofthree,tooyoungtobemarried.In1912,hewasforcedtoabdicate.DuringtheshortreignofEmperorPuyi.EmpressLongyuhandledstateaffairsonhisbehalfinthenameofEmpressDowager.In1911,arevolutionledbyDr.SunYat-sunsucceeded,andtheyearafter,EmpressLongyuannouncedtheabdicationofthelastemperorofChina.

(IntheHallofHappinessandLongevity)

theagedempressDowagerCixiwassofondoftheSummerPalacethatshedecidedtoliveherefromAprilthroughOctoberofeveryyear.Thisgroupofbuildingsservedasherresidence.

Thisgroupofcourtyarddwellingsconsistsofaforecourtandabackyardwithannexcourtsoneachside.Thewholepoundwasbasicallymadeofwood,whichisidealforventilationandlighting.Withitsquietandtastefullayout,theHallofHappinessandLongevitymadelifeveryeasyandconvenient.NowonderoneofEmpressDowagerCixi`spleasureboat.Onthepierthereisatalllanternpost.Flankingthestaircaseleadingtothemainentranceofthehall,therearebronzecranes,deerandvases,symbolizinguniversalpeace.Theinteriorlayoutisthesameastheimperialcourt,withthrone,alargetableandincenseburnersplacedinthemiddle.Atmealtime,eunuchs-in–waitingwouldmakeagigantictableoutofthistableandEmpressDowagerCixiwoulddineon128courses.Becauseofthismorethan1,800talesofsilverwouldbespenteachmonthonmeals.OntheeastsideoftheLivingRoomistheCloakRoom.Thebedroominonitswest.

Infrontoftheyaoyue(InvitingtheMoon)GateoftheLongCorridor

ThefamedLongCorridorisahead.FacingKunminglakeandintheforegroundofLongevityHill,theLongCorridorstretchesfromYaoyue(InvitingtheMoon)GatetoShizhang(StonyOldMan)Pavilion.ITis728metersinlengthandconsistof273sectionsandconnectsfouroctagonalpavilions.In1990,itwaslistedinGuinnessBookofWorldRecords.

(StrollingalongtheLongCorridor)

TheLongCorridorisoneofthemajorstructuresoftheSummerPalace.SincethecorridorwasdesignedtofollowthephysicalfeaturesofthesouthernslopeofLongevityHill,fourmultiple-eaved,octagonalpavilions(Beauty-RetainingPavilion,Enjoy-theRipplesPavilion,AutumnWaterPavilionandClarityDistancePavilion)wereplacedatbendsandundulation.Thussightseerswillhardlynoticetheriseandfalloftheterrain.AsamajorpartofthearchitecturalstyleoftheSummerPalace,theLongCorridorservesasaningeniousconnectorbetweentheLakeandthehill.Scatteredbuildingsonthesouthernslopewerelinkedtocreataunifiedplex.

Thiscorridorcanalsobecalleda“corridorofpaintings〞:Therearemorethan14,000paintingsonitsbeams.Someofthemareofbirds,flowersandlandscapesoftheWestlakeinHangzhou,ZhejianProvince.Otherspresentscenesfromliteraryclassics.ThemajorityofthelandscapepaintingweredoneundertheorderofEmperorQianlong,whopreperredthesceneryofSouthChina.

(Bythedoorleadingtotheexhibitionofculturalrelics)

thisgroupoftemple-shapedstructuresareknownasQinghua(ClarifiedChina)Hall,alsoknownasArhatHallduringthereignofEmperorQianlong.Theoriginalhallburneddownin1860.Afteritwasreconstructed,itwasrenamed.

QinghuaHallisnowusedasaexhibitionhalldisplayingrareculturalrelicscollectedintheSummerPalace.Thehallconsistsof6exhibitionroomswithtensofthousandsofarticlesoftreasureondisplayinturn.Amongtheexhibitstherearebronzeware,porcelain,jadeassemblagesfromtheMingandQingdynasties,andrareandpaintings.Thereisalsoagiganticstoneslab,whichismorethan3metersinheightandwidth.ItbearsthehandwritteninscriptionsofEmperorQianlongismemorationofthesuppressionofarebellionintheXinjiangregion.OnlythisslabsurvivedwhentheAngle-FrenchalliedforcessetfiretotheSummerPalace.

(InfrontoftheGateofDispellingClouds)

Noeareapproachingthecentralpartofthestructuresonthelakesideslope,theTowerofBuddhistIncensewithintheHallofDispellingClouds.TheHallofDispellingCloudswaswherenumerouspalatineskowtowedtoEmpressDowagerCixi.Itwassurroundedbygalleriesandflankedbyannexhalls.Intheforecourtthereisapoolandmarblebridges.Startingfromthelakeside,thereliesinsuccessionamemorialarchway,theGateofDispellingClouds,theHallofDispellingCloudsandtheTowerofBuddhistIncense.Allofthesestructuresarebuiltonacentralaxisandeachistallerthanitspredecessor.Thiswasdesignedtogiveprominencetothelaststructure,theTowerofBuddhistIncense,whichwasasymbolofimperialpower.ThelayoutofthisgroupofarchitectureswasbasedonscenesdescribedinBuddhistsutras.ThisgroupofstructureareamongthemostmagnificentlyconstructedhereintheSummerPalace.

(InsidetheHallofDispellingClouds)

TheoriginalbuildingsonthissitewereburneddownbytheAnglo-Frenchalliedforcesin1860.AnewsetofstructureswasbuiltduringthereignofEmperorGuanxu,andwascalledtheHallofDispellingClouds,suggestingthatitwasafairyland.

Thehallwasbuiltonahighterrace,andhas21room.Insidethehallareathrone,screens,tripodsandmandarinfans.Onaplatformyouwillseebronzedragons,phoenixesandtripods.Atthefootoftheplatformtherearefourbronzewatervats,theancientformoffireextinguishers.

The10thdayoflunarOctoberwas,EmpressDowagerCixi`sbirthday.Onthatday,shesatonthethroneheretoreceivecongratulationsandgifts.

NoearegoingtopayavisittothehighlightoftheSummerPalace-theTowerofBuddhistIncense.Whatwearenowstandingonisastoneterracewhichis20metersinheight.Ithasasemihousedstairwayof100steps,youwilllivefor100years.So,let`sgo!

(InthefrontoftheTowerofBuddhistIncense)

Anoctagonalstructurewiththreestoreysandquadrupleeaves,theTowerofBuddhistIncenseistheverycenteroftheSummerPalace,andisoneofthemasterpiecesofancientChinesearchitecture.Thetoweris41metersinheight,andisbuttressedby8solidpillarsmadeoflignumvitaelogs.Withitsplexstructure,ingeniouslayout,toweringterraceandconvincinggrandeur,theTowerofBuddhistIncensewasartfullysetoutbytheimperialgardensandbeautifulscenerysurroundingit.TheToweroverlooksKunmingLakeandotherpicturesquespotswithinanareaoftensofkilometers.OnthewestsideoftheTowerstandsBaoyunge(PreciousCloudPavilion).ITismadeofbronzeandis7.5metersinheightand270tonsinweight.Itresemblesitswoodencounterpartsineverydetail.ItisoneofthelargestandmostexquisitebronzepavilionsstillonexistenceinChina.LamasprayedhereduringthereignofEmperorQianlonginhonorofthemonarchsandtheirfamilies.Attheturnofthecentury10bronzewindowswerespiritedabroad.In1992anAmericanpanyboughtthewindowsandreturnedthemintacttoChina.

(OnahilltopleadingfromthebackdoorofTowerofBuddhistIncense)

NoecanseethelongandsnakingWesternCausewayandashorterdikethatdividesKunmingLakeintothreeareasthatcontainSouthLakeIsland,Seaweed-viewingIslandandcirclecityisland.ThethreeislandrepresentthreemountaininancientChinesemythology,i.e.penglai,FangzhangandYingzhou.ThispeculiarmethodofincorporatingalakeathreemountainswithinasinglegardenwasabrainchildofEmperorWudioftheHanDynastymorethan2,000yearsago,bearingtestimonytofeudalmonarchs`slongingforlongevity.Asthelegendgoesmanyheavenlyelixirsgrewonthethreemythicalislands.Usingartificialbuildingtechniques,theancientChinesebuiltthismasterpiecebasedonthemythtomakethemythicalonappeartobeaccessibletohumans.

(InsidetheGardenofHarmoniousInterest)

SettingagardenwithinalargergardenhasbeenoneofChinatraditionalarchitecturalstyles.TheGardenofHarmoniousInterestservesasafineexampleofthis.

ThisGardenwasbuiltundertheorderofEmperorQianlongandmodeledaftertheJichangGarden(GardenofEaseofMind)atthefootofMountHuishan,JiansuProvince.ITwasrenamedbyhissonEmperorJiaqingin1811.TheexistingGardenwasrebuiltbyEmperororGuangxu.EmpressDowagerCixiusedtogofishinghere.TheGardenfeatures10waterfrontplatforms,pavilionsandhallsaswellashundredsofgalleries

Withallofitsstructuresfacingthelakeandpools,theGardenofHarmoniousInterestisbasicallyagardenofwaterscape.Spanningthevastexpanseofthelakeandpoolsarefivebridges,eachquitedifferentfromtheothers.Themostfamousofthemisthebridgeknownas“Knowing–theFishing-bridge.〞ITissaidthatmorethan2,500yearsagoduringtheWarringStatesPeriod,twophilosopherenamedZhuangZihadaninterestingargumentbythesideofapond.

Zhangsaid,〞Fishswimtoandfrointhewater.Whathappyfish!〞

Huiasked,〞Youarenotafish.Howdoyouknowtheyarehappy?〞

Zhuangreplied,“Youarenotme.HowdoyouknowIdon’tknow?〞

Huisigned,“Iamnotyou,therefore,Idon’tknowyou.Andyouarenotafish,sohow

doyouknowthatfisharehappy?〞

Zhangsaid,“youaskmehowIknowfisharehappy,whydoyoukeepingmethesamequestion?〞

AlthoughTheGardenofHarmoniousInterestwasdesignedafterJichangGarden,itnotonlyabsorbedtheoriginaldesigns,butexceededit.

(OutsidethesouthentrancetoSuzhouShoppingStreet)

NowletshavealookatlongevityHill.OnthebackslopeoftheHillstandsagroupofarchitectures.ThecenterpieceofstructuresthereareknownastheFourContinentsandarededicatedtoBuddhism.ThisgroupwaslaidoutandarrangedinaccordancewithBuddhistcosmology.AsidefromamainshrineandstructuresembodyingtheFourContinents,thereareeighttowersrepresentingMinorContinents.TheshrineissurroundedbyfourLamaistpagodasandbetweenthemajorandminorcontinents,theretwoplatformsrepresentingthesunandthemoon.

TheQingauthorityattachedgreatimportancetoBuddhism.TofurtherstrengthentieswiththeethnicminoritieswhopracticedBuddhism,themonarchsincorporatedbothHanandTibetanstylesofarchitectureintothisgroupoftemples.

FurthernorthatthefootoftheFourMajorContinentliestheSuzhouShoppingStreet.BuiltalongtheBackLakeoftheSummerPalace,thisstreetstretchesabout300metersandfeaturesmorethan60stores.Itincludesrestaurants,teahouses,pawnshopsbanks,drugstoresdyehousesandpublishinghouses.Inordertorecreatetheatmosphereofancienttimes,visitorswillhavethechancetoexchangetheirmoneytoancientstyleChinesecoinsforusehere.Storefrontsaretrimmedwithtraditionalsignboardsandornaments.Themercialcultureofthemid-18thcenturyhasthusbeenrecreated.

(AtopthestonebridgeinsidetheSuzhouShoppingStreet)

visitorsmaybesurprisetoseethatthisshoppingstreetisalmostthesameasthatinSouthChina.Asamatteroffact,thisstreetwasdesignedaftertheshopsalongthecanalsinSuhzhou.OriginallyknownasEmperor`sShoppingStreet,itwasbuiltduringthereignofEmperorQianlong.AftermakingseveralinspectiontourstoSouthChinaandbeingdulyimpressedbyitsmercialprosperity,EmperorQianlongorderedtheconstructionofthisstreet.

TheimperialshoppingstreetwasburntdownbyAnglo-Frenchalliedforcesin1860.Thesiteremaineddesolateduntil1987,whenreconstructionbegan.ItwasopenedtothepublicinSeptember1990.

Withmercialcultureasitshallmark,theSuzhouShoppingStreetisavividrepresentationofChina`straditionalcultures.

(Ontheroadfromthesouthfateofthesuzhoushoppingstreettothemarbleboat)

ThisisthehallofPines.FromittothewestwecanwalktotheMarbleBoat.ThepathweareetakingstretchesbetweenLongevityHillandBackLake.Monarchsandtheircohortsusedtostrollalongit.HenceitwasnamedCentralImperialPath.Alongthispathyouwillseelilacsallaround.Hence,thisroadisalsoknownasthePathofLilac.

(InfrontoftheruinsoftheGardenofpletespring)

QuiteafewuniquestructureswereburntdownduringthereignofemperorQianlong,amongwhichtheGardenofpleteSpringwasoneofthemostfamous.Theruinedanddesolatecourtyardbytheroadsidewasitsoriginalsite,itremainstoberestored.

Thisgroupofstructurescoveranareaof4,000squaremetersandfeaturesanumberofhallsbuiltonthreedifferentlevels.Allofthestructureswereconnectedwithgalleriesandstonestaircases.Withitsnaturalandingeniousbinationofpavilions,ahall,galleriesandrooms,theGardenofpleteSpringservesasafinemodelforothergardens.

EmperorQianlongfrequentlyvisitedthispound.

(AlongthelakesidebytheMarbleBoat)

NoehavereturnedfromthebackofLongevityHilltothefront.ThereisthefamousMarbleBoat.Thisstructureis36metersinlengthanditsbodywasmadeofmarble.Ontopofitisatwostoreyedstructure.Thefloorwaspavedwithcoloredbricks.Allofthewindowsareinlaidwithmulti-coloredglassandtheceilingwasdecoratedwithcarvedbricks.Thedrainagesystemchannelsrainwaterdownthroughfourhollowconcretepillarsandintothelakethroughthemouthofdragonheads.

AccordingtoabookwrittenbyEmperorQianlong,theboatwasusedforenjoyingthesceneryandwassupposedtobesymbolicofthestabilityoftheQingDynasty.

Hal