105 英語高考“七選五”閱讀理解真題詳解5

【陜西省高中英語李勝文名師工作室出品】2020高考英語“七選五”閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破原創(chuàng)系列資料105英語高考“七選五”閱讀理解真題詳解52015全國卷I【高考真題解題例析】為了讓大家能把上面所提到的解題原則、方法和步驟能運(yùn)用到具體的解題實(shí)踐之中，下面以2015年英語高考全國卷I中的“七選五”閱讀理解試題的解答為例來說明如何解題。項(xiàng)目卷別主題語境語篇類型閱讀總量段落數(shù)與文本結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)題小標(biāo)題選項(xiàng)設(shè)置小標(biāo)題或主旨句細(xì)節(jié)、過渡銜接與注釋句2015全國卷I介紹三種幫助人們重建信任的策略（howto）說明文235+70=3055總分結(jié)構(gòu)有無23【高考真題】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36.Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeensufferfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.37It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40Instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.【語篇解讀】BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain主題Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36.Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.起承重要性承接Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeensufferfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.37It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.轉(zhuǎn)1轉(zhuǎn)2因果主題維度38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated(褻瀆).Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40Instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.步驟1步驟2步驟3段落主旨?xì)w納段落主旨?xì)w納承接相對A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.【解題圖解】BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain主題Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36.Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.起承重要性承接Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeensufferfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.37It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.轉(zhuǎn)1轉(zhuǎn)2因果主題維度38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated(褻瀆).Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40Instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.步驟1步驟2步驟3段落主旨?xì)w納段落主旨?xì)w納承接相對A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.36C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.39D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.37F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.40【答案解析】1.通過快速瀏覽瀏覽全文，由文章的題目、每段的首段和文中的項(xiàng)目符號(hào)便可知本文的主題是如何重建人際關(guān)中的信任，文章可以分為兩個(gè)部分，第一部分由一、二段組成，用于引入話題及說明為什么要重建人際關(guān)中的信任，第二部分由三、四、五段組成，提出了重建人際關(guān)中的信任的三個(gè)步驟，是一篇介紹方法步驟類的說明文。2.通過瀏覽文章后所給的選項(xiàng)，可以看出七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中由三個(gè)祈使句和四個(gè)陳述句組成，因?yàn)楸疚暮笕翁岢隽酥亟ㄈ穗H間信任的三個(gè)步驟，三段中有兩個(gè)段落首句挖空，大致可以推定這兩空考查的是段落的主旨句，選項(xiàng)中的三個(gè)祈使句應(yīng)該與這兩空相關(guān)，屬于主旨類選項(xiàng)，另外的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于細(xì)節(jié)類選項(xiàng)。3.逐段閱讀，確定選項(xiàng)。閱讀第一段，可知本段通過說明什么是人際關(guān)中的信任及其重要性來引入話題，首句說明了什么是信任，根據(jù)詞匯銜接可以斷定四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)說明類選項(xiàng)中的B選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該填入36空，選項(xiàng)中的“it”指代首句中的“trust”，兩個(gè)句子均采用主系表結(jié)構(gòu)來說明什么是信任，構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。由第二段中的“Unfortunately”可知本段話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，用來說明人際關(guān)中存在不信任的現(xiàn)象，為文章介紹重建人際信任的三個(gè)步驟做好過渡和鋪墊，由上文可知37空應(yīng)填入E選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中的“they”指代前一句中的“people”，說明有些人為什么不再信任（別人）是因?yàn)樗麄兪艿絺η也幌Ｍ@樣的事情再度發(fā)生，與前一句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。由第二段中的最后一句和后三段前的項(xiàng)目符可以斷定后三段說明重建信任的三個(gè)步驟。由38空后的具體說明可知本段主要說明了要信任自己，段中的“havingconfidenceinyourself”所說的就是要信任自己，并且出現(xiàn)了“yourself”一詞的重現(xiàn)，從而可以斷定此處選用A選項(xiàng)。由39空后說明可以概括出本段的主旨，即不要認(rèn)為自己是受害者，本段中反復(fù)重現(xiàn)“victim”一詞為概括主旨提供了依據(jù)，所以此處選用C選項(xiàng)。最后一段中40空的前一句說明了要以積極的態(tài)度的心態(tài)看問題，所以此空應(yīng)填入G選項(xiàng)，本選項(xiàng)承接上一句說明看待事物的積極方面并不意味著