2019寒假起跑講義現(xiàn)場版

主講人：何凱 外國語大Itcommencesnow.：1.經(jīng)濟(jì) 2.政 3.法律4.傳媒:5.科技:6.醫(yī)學(xué)7.文化8.社會(huì):9.歷史:10.教育 月到當(dāng) 教育類話題：Liberaleducation liberalartsDramawriting;philosophy;literature;engineering;coding; Legaleducation;medicine;marketing;pursuetheknowledgeforthesakeofknowledgethepursuitofmaterialwealthandself-“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness.”（“我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻的：人追求的權(quán)利?！保ゝreshmansophomorejuniorseniorSeniorcitizenUndergraduateTobeconsciousthatyouareignorantisagreatsteptoGraduateLawschool/medicalschool/businessschoolThedoctorofPhilosophyJudicialdoctorthedoctorofBarexam/barassociation/lawfirminternshipGRE/GMAT/LAST/SATPsychology：atechnologyofbehavior（研究行為的技術(shù)1Diagnosis//operation/treatment/therapyChronicdisease=long-termAcute=shorttermdilemma:Thedoctor’sdilemmawaswhetherheshouldlthedyingpatienttheManywomenarefacedwiththedilemmaofchoosingbetweenworkandfamilyThenewspaperreportsbroughthometousalltheplightofthosepatientsTrumpwasthrownintoascrapewhenhisassistantexposedhislyinginfrontoftheartificialflowerfalseFrenemy:friendandBrexit:Britain+exitsmog:smoke+thephysicianassistedsuicide=theprolongthedyingend-of-lifecarehealthcareIllegal=withoutconstitutionalright Thespendingisunsustainable sustainone’slifeOverfundingtheunlikelycureUnderfundingthehumbletherapyFund=money=finance Charityfoundation:InheritancetaxCharitybeginsathome.Maketheworldbetter,ormakeyourselftheworldifyouarerich,otherwisegoyourself.SwedennorthEuropeUniversalhealthcare thesenseofTheindexofhappinessObamacareHealthcareinsuranceAffordablemedicalcaresystemPit PitAagainstThe（tradebill）tendstopittheagainsttheHouseCheckandbalanceDampen/overstep/intrudeprivacy//NationalHealthService(NHS)//bigdataViolatetherule2devices/BiadataTheAItechnologywillrevolutionizeourdailylife.CurseorblessIsaacAsimov's"ThreeLawsofArobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor,throughinaction,allowahumanbeingtocometoharm.ArobotmustobeyordersgivenitbyhumanbeingsexceptwheresuchorderswouldwiththeFirstLaw.ArobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotwiththeFirstorSecondLawThereplacementofthehumanlaborRobottaxStephenHawkingElliotZuckerbergElonMuskBillGates

YourpityliesinyourdefeatofyourrivalisdefeatedbythetrendofWhenyouareabandonedbythetime,thetimewillshowyounomercyandevennoDefeat1.UCfailuretowinortobesuccessful2.Cusuallysing.]theactofwinningavictoryoversbsth擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝thedefeatoffascism戰(zhàn)勝主義''TheAItechnologywillrevolutionizeourdaily virtualreality/theInternetofThechainofblocks generateHumaninligence=theinventionofthecunningInitiative=3bravery;honesty;innovation;tolerance;decency;affection;integrity;harmonious/harmonysorting marketing;profit- theesteemedmemberinEqualitytherighttopursuetheTheaccesstotheeducationandleft---generousbenefitsandwelfareright---cautiousandlimitedbenefitsunemploymentsecurity=safety efamily/thechangeoffamilyfabricorFinancialriskCutthebudgetparachute/mother/added payment（分期付款）socialsecurity modeGuaranteed=secured–thereturnofGDPflawedconcept;wellbeingInadequate;decent-decencymediaThefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinksimplewords---deepFakemisleadinginformationforthesakeofbusinessorpoliticalestablishedmedia/theordinary(theofsocialmedia(users’Informationbalance=criticalmind5.AgendasettingTangledagendasthatlurkinevery6.:DVD-mailing--- Newspaper:newsprint/print digitalDitch4nostalgia/loyalcustomers=devotedfanslegacyproduct=luxuriousproduct (A)increase (B)izethepurchasingpower Bossandboard:Managementsuit:teamoperation;operationalcostShareholder/stakeholderEnlargedmarket=thegreaterdemandofNaturalrateofunemployment=theextremelylowjoblessthesituationofeconomy(slowingeconomy/stagnanteconomy/declining/robust/strong)indicator;indices;index（employmentrate;capacityutilization;unemploymentrate;joblessrate;participationweakcentral decreasetheinterest bolstertheeconomystrongcentralbank increasetheinterestratepreventinflationandtheoverheatofeconomystockexchange/IPO(InitialPubliccomplianceaccounting/accountant/auditor//balancesheet/independenthousemarket=homeprice=realestate=monopoly//thethreatofmonopolyPerfectcompetitionNobiasmarketsavingsbank=commercialbanks:savingcentral(3)investmentbankTheFederalReserve=theFedTheBankofEnglandGoldmanSachsOverseamarketdomesticPitfallandproblemSuccessandsetbackEffortlesssuccess---dreadfulBoomanddoomBoomandbust5Left=liberal=thedemocratic(黨)=theLabor（工黨）=thebigernment=againstthetradition=socialwelfareRight=conservative=TheRepublican()=theConservative(theTory保守黨Theconstitution：supreme；undisputableprinciple;beyonddispute;unchallengedTheNobleThecabinet（一）行（TheexecutiveTheWhiteHouse==theFederal=the=the=thecentralauthorityThestate Roosevelt,Truman,Kennedy,Johnson,Carter,Clintonand富蘭克林·德拉諾·(FranklinDelanoRoosevelt)哈利·S·(HarrySTruman)約翰·F·肯尼迪(JohnF.Kennedy)林登·(Lyndon吉米·(Jimmy比爾·(Bill貝拉克·奧巴馬(Barack德懷特·D·艾森豪威爾(DwightD.Eisenhower)理查德·(RichardNixon)杰拉爾德·福特(GeraldFord)羅納德·(Ronald喬治·H·W·(GeorgeH.W喬治·W·(GeorgeW唐納德.（Donald(二)權(quán)（legislativebranch）TheCongressthesenate=thesenatetherepresentativeThesupremecourtThecodelawThecasePrecedentsettingtestJuryjurorVeridiction:guiltyorinnocentJudge:sentence; （heavily McDonald's）CompensatoryDamagespunitiveTortlawisthatbodyoflawwhichcoversviolationswhereone’sbehaviorcausesinjury,suffering,unfairloss,orharmtoanotherone.ShouldthedefendantbeliablefortheinjuryoftheplaintiffResorttothelegalUnusuallykeenontacklingcomplexethicalquestionsinjudicialsettingsClone--moral=ethicaldilemma/predicamentAgreeingtodisagreewouldbea7NewEnglandNewworldOldworldSimilarorigins8FoundingfathersSlavery---slaveThecivilwarSelf-BlindprideTheshiftIt’shumannatureLostgeneration弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德（FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald）TheGreatGatsbyTheworldbreakseveryoneandafterwardmanyarestrongatthebrokenplaces.Manisnotmadefordefeat.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.MarkTwainBeatgeneration評(píng)價(jià)類的詞匯：Limitedand far- less causemoreharmthangoodconsent Itisnotobvious Farless Spot neutral=indifferent=detached=uncertain=withuncertaintySilenceisthemostperfectexpressionof9英中文轉(zhuǎn)化過程中在句子層面的Kevinisagoodstudentwhoisstudyinginthe主+Tom，doyoutakeJerryforyourlawfulwife,tohaveandtohold,fromthisdayforward,forbetter,forworse,forricher,forpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,untildeathdopartyou?KitesEducationpays.(Kitesrisehighestagainstthewind-notwithProsperitymakesfriends.Adversitytriesthem.ThetimeofferustheThesocialmediahasleftusvulnerabletothemisleadingTodividepeopleintogoodandbadisabsurd.(Itisabsurdtodividepeopleintogoodandbad.)Peopleareeithercharmingortedious.One'sfirstloveisalwaysperfectuntilonemeetsone'ssecond句 簡單句的識(shí)別及處理方thoseunawareofthedisasterOtomanfightingwithxiaoguaisouapicturepaintedbyPicasson.

therighttothewayaheadHesuccessfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagame.處理： Sciencemayhavefoundacureformostevils;butithasfoundnoremedyfortheworstofthem-theapathyofhuman 同位語的處理識(shí)別 Eg1.TheCourtsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldEg2.Robotswillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.Eg3Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitselfnameless,unreasoning,unjustifiedterror,whichparalyzesneededeffortstoconvertretreatintoadvance.(FranklinDelanoRoosevelt)SheisadmittedlyItispainfullyapparentthatsheisaChina'slong-termmodernizationprogramunderstandablyandnecessarilyemphasizeseconomicgrowth.對(duì)一 TheymaintainwithacertainfidelitytheprincipleofthisHeelectedashisprimarydutyandhappinessinhislifethethinkingactivityaboutthemoralproblem.Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.Mostpeople friendsthepeoplewhoresembleourRather1Hedrankbeeranditmadehimfat.例2.ItisalittleupsettingtoreadthertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficerandtofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,PluffPluffAhundredandeighty-fivekilograms.（句中并toread…andto3.AandBCand4.ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCalifornia5.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.6.TOseetheworldinagrainofsandAndaheaveninawildHoldinfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndeternityinanhour.7WeallliveinthegutterbutsomearelookingatTocontendortocontent,thisisthe8.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.9.Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.系連詞：that,when,where,how,副詞性從句：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until，everytime,the moment=immediay=nosooner… than=hardly…when=scarcely…when，where，wherever,anywhere,everywhere，because,as,for，nowthat既然,inthat因?yàn)?so…that,such…that,if,unless,as/solongas只要,onlyif只要,providing/providedthat 假如,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthatthough,although,evenif,eventhough，as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while(一般用在句首)雖然，定語從句語序的解決Ihavethreebooksofwhichtheredismy

Eg1.ApoemlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver.Eg2.ManisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitsEg3.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Eg4.ThesunrisesthatlooksEg5.TheCongressobjectsthreeprovisionsofwhichthefirstisparalleledwiththefederalEg6.Asweallknow,KevinisEg7.KevinthinksthatAmanisanolddriver,asmanybelieve.Eg8.KevindoesnotthinkthatAmanisanolddriver,asmanybelieve.Eg6.Butsurelythatideadoesnotmeanthatenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutindustrialgrowthareanti-science,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedto判斷：Environmentalistswereblamedforanti-scienceinanEg6.McWhorterisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.ManythinklogicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewayweIhaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed-weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandsonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.Ihaveadreamthatoneday,eventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreammyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.IhaveadreamFromIHaveaDream~Luther1Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.2．Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreasedopportunities”forstress.3:Allwouldbewell，werereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationismandevolution例1：ItwassheaBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDeclaration,firstcopiesthatincludedthenamesofitssignersandthereforeheraldedthesupportofallthirteen例2：Thus, theAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmento izeprofitsandthedesireoindividualsto thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduce就是名詞），確定主語后尋找和其相匹配的動(dòng)詞。再根據(jù)動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)確定1.Thefactthatartisans,whowerelookedonasmechanicsorskilledworkersintheeighteenthcentury,arefrequentlyconsideredartiststodayisdirectlyattributabletotheArtsandCraftsMovementofthenineteenthcentury.2.Anyonewhohashandledafossilizedboneknowsthatitisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmoderncounterpart,themostobviousdifferencebeingthatitisoftenmuchheavier.3.Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpartoftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly.4.Theshark,whichisahugelysuccessfulfishinevolutionaryterms,whoselineagedatesbackmorethan400millionyears,isunderrelentlessattackfromhumans.例5.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking, sandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.6.BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth.寫作句型：BasictoanyunderstandingofAisB.BisbasictoanyunderstandingofA.例句：BasictoanyunderstandingofChineseyoungsters’choicetobethecivilservantsarethegoodsalary,thestablepositionandterousbenefits.例7.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivate ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.AmongfirmsmakingthebiggestsplashintheonlineeducationmarketistheWenduEducationGrouplocatedinthecityofBeijing.例 Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-uniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocial例9.Fromthemiddle-classfamily,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.10.Thejudgemustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.(一雙賓語易位時(shí)需借助介詞to的常用動(dòng)詞awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.頒獎(jiǎng)給bringsb.sth.bringsth.tosb把某物帶給handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物遞給lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借給mailsb.sth.=mailsth.tosb.把某物寄給offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.將某物給owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某物passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物遞給paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付給某物（錢）postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄給readsb.sth.=readsth.tosb.把某物讀給聽returnsb.sth.returnsth.tosb.把某物還給sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送給sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物賣給servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物給看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿給teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某物lsb.sth.= lsth.tosb.告訴某情況throwsb.sth.throwsth.tosb.把某物扔給writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.給寫信(二)雙賓語易位時(shí)需借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.為預(yù)定某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.為買某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.為選某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.為煮某物drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.為畫某物fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.為去取某物findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.為找到某物fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.為準(zhǔn)備某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.為拿來某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.為做某物ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.為訂購某物picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.為采摘某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.為準(zhǔn)備某savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.為留某（三）有的動(dòng)詞后接的雙賓語易位時(shí)，既可用介詞for引出間接賓語，含義相同。如Bringmetoday’sBringtoday’spaperto[for]me.2.HeplayedustherecordhehadjustHeplayedtherecordhehadjustboughtforto]us.他放了他剛買的唱片給（四）有的動(dòng)詞后接的雙賓語易位時(shí)，即可用介詞forleaveTheyleftmenoTheyleftnofoodforme.2.Myuncleleftmealarge=Myuncleleftalargefortunetome.叔叔死后留下一大筆給我（五）而有的動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語時(shí)，既不能用介詞forallow,ask,causecharge,cost,forgive,refuse等：Heallowshissontooquestions.他問了我一些問題。Thiscausedmemuchtrouble.Hechargedmefivedollarsforacupoftea.HismistakecosthimhisjobIenvyyouyourgoodluck我羨慕你的好運(yùn)Theyforgavehimhisrudeness.Herefusedhernothinginformsbofsth/remindsbofsth/robsb(someplace)ofsth/ridsb(someplace)ofsth/curesbofsth/warnsbofsth/lsbofsthsee（看），recognize（認(rèn)出），treat，take，consider（考慮），look （表現(xiàn)出），declare（宣稱），denounce（指責(zé)），employ（雇傭），use（使用（展示），organize，express（表達(dá)）等sth.鼓勵(lì)做某事expectsb.todoforcesb.todo強(qiáng)迫做某事getsb.todo使（要）做某事hatesb.todo討厭做某事helpsb.todo幫助做某事intendsb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)做某事leavesb.todosth.留下做某事likesb.todosth.喜歡做某事meansb.todosth.打算要做某事needsb.todosth.需要做某事obligesb.todosth.迫使做某事ordersb.todosth.命令做某事permitsb.todosth.說服做某事prefersb.todosth.寧愿做某事requestsb.todosth.要求做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒做某事teachsb.todosth lsb.todo告訴做某事trainsb.todosth.麻煩做某事wantsb.todosth.想要做某事warnsb.todosth.警告做某事wishsb.todosth.

excuse[forgive]sb.for ngsth.。wishsb.todosth.。advisesb.todosth.。arrangeforsb.todosth.。demandofsb.todosth.。thanksb.for ngsth.。congratulatesb.on preventsb ngsth.20bring ngsth.引起做某 catch discover ngsth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某 feel ngsth.感覺做某find ngsth.碰上（撞上）做某事get ngsth.使做某havesb. ngsth.使做某事 hearsb. ngsth.聽見做某事keepsb. ngsth.使不停地做某事 listentosb. ngsth.聽做某事lookatsb. ngsth.做某事 noticesb. ngsth.注意到做某事observesb. ngsth.觀察做某事 preventsb. ngsth.做某事seesb. ngsth.看見做某事 sendsb. setsb. ngsth.使（引起）做某事 startsb. ngsth.使開始做某事stopsb. ngsth.做某事 watchsb. ngsth.觀察做某事接動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的feelsbdo感覺做某事hearsb.do聽著做某事makesb.dosth.使做某事observesb.dosth.觀察做某事watchsb.dosth.

havesb.dosth.使做某letsb.dosth.讓做某事lookatsb.dosth.做某事noticesb.dosth.注意做某事seesb.dosth.看見做某事to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞短語常見的有：waitfor，callon，dependon，carefor，longfor等。例如：ThecrocodilewaitedforthemonkeytocomeagainThechairmancalledonMrBrowntoIshouldn'tcareforthatmantobemydoctorto動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞（make，lethave）或感官動(dòng)詞（feel，listento，hearlookat，see，watch，notice）之后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不定式需省去to。為了便于，我們可以這樣記“一感”see（看），recognize（認(rèn)出），