說明教學法真題

2012Choosetherightwordfromthelistgivenbelowforeachblank.Payattentiontothecorrectcombinationsofnouns.thea1）Ididn’thaveawink lastHehasn’tdoneastroke ,sohedeservesnoOnthespurof ,hedecidedhewouldgotoSpainforhiswintervocation.4）Whenyouinterruptedme,youbrokemytrainof Inthatcountry,thesterntacticsandtheirfailuretoturnupanyterroristspromptedsome therewasneverashadowof thatheasinnocent.7）Hecaughthisbusinthenickof 8）Onlybydivisionof cananincreaseinproductionbeachieved.9）Abeadof stoodoutonhisforehead.Hehadtoplaybyearbecausehecouldn’treadanote Whenshesawtheflames,shehadthepresenceof toringthefirebrigade.12）Hemusthavenervesof tobeabletowithstandsuchanordeal.13）Therecentturnof inEgypthasbeenratherdisturbing.14）Thehousedetective’sobesebodyshookinafitof 15）Sheshookherheadasagestureof Replacetheunderlineditalicizedwordswithsimple,everydaywordsorTheGermansseemedtobedrivingforwardwithgreatrapidityandHitlerwascountingonenlistingcapitalistandRightWingAfterdinner,Mr.ChurchillrevertedtothisIseetheRussiansoldiersstandingonthethresholdoftheirnativeByunitedactionstheycouldhavesavedthemselvesandtheworldfromAnarticlevieweditas“ascandalandTheNewYorkTimesfeltthattheworkwouldacceleratethedeteriorationoftheSomonstrousadiscrepancyinevaluationrequiresustoexaminebasicIfsomethingmustbeeliminated,itissensibletothrowouttheseextraneousthingsandsticktowords.HasthedictionaryabdicateditsAtthemoment,theauthorexperiencedatwingeofembarrassmentattheofmetingthemajorofHiroshimaintheYourchildrenwillencounterprejudiceonthepartofthosewhodonotvisibleScientistsmonitortheairseveraltimeseverydaytochartthecourseofinexorableTheyhavecompleytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthDarknessfalls,andthereisnothingbuttheintermittentgleamofalighthouseonasolitarypromontory.ReadingDirection:Inthispartofthetest,therearefiveshortpassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B,CorDandwriteontheAnswerSheet.PassageIfanoccupationcensushadbeentakenintheeleventhcenturyitwouldprobablyhaverevealedthatquite90percentofthepeoplewerecountyinhabitantswhodrewtheirlivelihoodfromfarming,herding,fishingortheforest.Anairphotographtakenatthattimewouldhaverevealedspottedvillages,linkedtogetherbysurfacedroadsandseparatedbyexpansesofforestofswamp.Thereweresometowns,butfewofthemhousedmorethan10,000 s.Asecondpicture.Takeninthemid-fourteenthcenturywouldshowthatthevillageshadgrown,morenumerous,andalsomorewidespread,forEuropeanshadpushedtheirfrontieroutwardbysettlingnewareas.Therewouldbemorepeopleontheroads,riversandseas,carryingfoodorrawmaterialstotownswhichhadincreasedinnumber,sizeandimportance.But,aphotographtakenabout1450wouldrevealthatlittlefurtherexpansionhadtakenplaceduringhundredyears.Anyattempttodescribethecountrysideduringthosecenturiesispreventedbytwodifficulties.InthefirstplacewehavetoexaminethegreaterpartofEurope’s3,750,000square,andnotmerelytheMediterraneanlands.Inthesecondplacetheinhabitantsofthewideexpanserefusetofitintoourstandardpatternortostandstill.In1450,mostEuropeansprobablylivedinvillages,butsomeregionsweresohilly,lackingingoodsoil,orheavilytimberedthatvillagescouldnotkeepgoing,andsettlementwasthatofsolitaryherdsmenorshepherds.Someareashadbetteraccesstomarketthanothersandwerethereforemoreinvolvedincommercialagriculturethaninfarming.Largelandownersweremorelikelythansmalllandlordstoruntheirestatesandespeciallytheirsmoresystematically--andalsotokeepthoserecordsfromwhichwelearnmostofwhatweknowaboutthesubject.Someareashadneverbeenquitefeudalized,theirfarmersweremorefreefromlordshipandevenfromlandlordship.Someregionshadbeenrecentlysettled,andtheirtenantshadbeenofferedliberaltermsoftenureinordertolurethemintothewilderness.Finally,therewasatimeelement;theexpansionandprosperitythatcharacterizedtheperiodfromthetwelfthtothefifteenthcenturyproducedormaintainedconditionswhichwereunsuitabletothestormeddaysprecedingortheleanonesfollowingit.By1350,ascomparedwiththreehundredyearsearlier,Europeanshad,accordingtothepassage, madeseveralgeographicalCutdownmoretreesandexpandedtheMadetheirterritoryDugmore stowatertheExpansioninEuropebetween1350and WaslessthaninthethreehundredyearsuptoWasContinuedatroughlythesamerateasWasmorethanthatfrom1000to consideration,becausetheinhabitants OftendidnotfittheconformityoftheirSometimeschangedtheirsystemofMovearoundtoomuchtostudyLeft Theownersoflargeestatestended Leavetheirlandandsettleintohe B.TreattheirtenantsC.Writedowninformationabouttheir D.WorkonthelandbySomelandlordsmakeagreementscomparativelyfavorabletofarmersbecausetheywantedthemto Paymore B.FarmnewC.Be D.WorkBy1450peopleingeneral e,bycomparisonwithearlier. B.C.More D.MorePassageWhyaresomanypeoplesoafraidoffailure?Quitesimplybecausenoonelsushowtofailsothatfailure esanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowth.Weforgetthatfailureispartofthehumanconditionandthat,asthefamilytheVirginisSatirobserves,“every hastherighttofail.”Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Onewayistolowerstandards.Amotherdescribesherchild’shastilymadetableas“Perfect!”eventhoughitwobblesonunevenlegs.Anotherwayistoshiftblame.IfJohnfailsscience,histeacherisunfairofstupid.Whenoneofmydaughterswasten,shedecidedtoraisemoneyforcharitybyholdingacarnival.Proudofher,werashlyallowedhertoputpostersallovertown.Werealizedtoolatethatshecouldn’tpossiblyhandlealltherefreshments,shows,andgamespromisedintheposters.Thewholefamilypitchedintopreventembarrassingfailure--andthenextyearsheadvertisedanevenmoreambitiousevent.Whynot?Wehadkeptherfromdiscoveringherlimitations.Thetroublewithfailure-preventiondevicesisthattheyleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.Theyoungneedtolearnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatit’spossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenyoudon’twin.Achildwho’snotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’tmakethehonorrollorthebaseballteam,feelsterrible,ofcourse.Butparentsshouldnotofferaquickconsolationprizeorsay.“Itdoesn’tmatter”becauseitdoes.Theyoungstershouldbeallowedtoexperiencedisappointment---andthenbehelpedtomasterit.Failureisneverpleasurable.Ithurtsadultsandchildrenalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.Steponeistoask“WhydidIfail?”Resistthenaturalimpulsetoblamesomeoneelse.Askyourselfwhatyoudidwrong,howyouchanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,don’tbeshyaboutinquiring.WhenIwasateenager,IfailedtogetajobI’dcountedon.Iephonedtheinterviewertoaskwhy.“becauseyoucametenminuteslate.”Iwastold,“Wecan’taffordemployeeswhowasteotherpeople’stime.”theexplanationwasreassuring(Ihadn’tbeenrejectedasa )andhelpful,too.Idon’tthinkI’vebeenlateforanythingsince.Success,whichencouragesrepetitionofoldbehavior,isnotnearlyasgoodateacherasfailure.Youcanlearnfromadisastrouspartyhowtogiveagoodone,fromanill-chosenfirsthousewhattolookfroinasecond.Evenafailurethatseemsdefinitivecanpromptfreshthinking,achangeofdirection.Aftertwelveyearsofstudyingballetafriendofmineauditionedforaprofessionalcompany.Shewasturneddown.“Wouldfurthertraininghelp?”sheasked.Theballetmastershookhishead.“Youwillneverbeadancer,”hesaid,“Youhaven’tthebodyforit.”Insuchcases,thewaytousefailureistotakestockcourageously,asking“WhathaveIleft?WhasecanIdo?”Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe’sbothcompetentanduseful.Failurefreesonetotakerisksbecausethere’slessoflose.Oftenthere’saresurgenceofenergy--anawarenessofnewpossibilities.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthisTeachingYourChildtoLearningfromHowtoBeWhyWeAreSoAfraidofWhichsentencebestexpressesthecentralpointoftheSuccesscancomeonlyaftermanyNoonecansucceedalltheEveryoneappreciatesagoodUseeveryfailureasanopportunityforgrowthandAccordingtothe ParentsneedtohelptheirchildrenavoidParentsshouldhelptheirchildrendiscovertheirParentsshouldbeawareoftheirchildren’sParentsshouldltheirchildrenabouttheirManypeopleareafraidoffailure TheyhavenotbeetaughttoviewitasalearningOursocietydoesnottolerateTheydonothavewhatittakestoItistheultimatecarthathumanbeingsTheauthorimpliesthatwecanlearnfromour MorethanfromourOnceweaskourselveswhywedidAndneverfailButnotfromthefailuresofTheauthorimpliesthat almostalwaysleadstomoreprovidesanopportunitytotrynewmakeusafraidtotakeHurtschildrenmorethanPassageMoreattentionispaidtothequalityoftheproductionatthetimeofReneCotywhenCharlesDeschanelwasthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthantyforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbenecessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarkettocompetewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrencheconomyneededalargeshareoftheinternationalmarkettobalanceitsimportandexporttrade.Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequatetomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople,letalonelong-rangedevelopments.Essentialimportsladstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolled,buttheextremeinflationaffectedgeneralproductionmostseverelythroughthecostoffood.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentoftheworkers’ e.Wages,itistrue,hadrisen.Extensivefamilyallowancesandbenefitswerepaidbythestate,andtherewasfull-timeandovertimeemployment.Takentogether,thesefactorsenabledtheworkingclasstoexistbutallowedthemnosenseofsecurity.Inthisprecariousanddiscouragingsituation,workmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasforhigherwages.Theernmentwasreluctanttoletworkersleavethecountry.Itwasfearedthismigrationofworkerswoulddepletethelaborforce.Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthequalityofindustrialproductsproduced.Qualifiedworkeremployedabroadwouldonlyincreasethetyofqualitygoodsproducedinforeigncountries.AlsothetyofqualitygoodsproducedinFrancewouldnotbeabletoincreaseaspartofitsqualitiedlaborforcemovedtootherAccordingtothepassage,theFrenchworkers BetterpaidthantheworkersinanyotherEuropeanabletosavemoremoneywiththeincreaseinhisAnxioustoworkabroadtomake oreOftenunabletofindworkinReneCotyandCharlesDeschanelwerebothinterestedin A.betterqualityinproductionB.IncreasingtyinC.Having ernmentraisetarifforeignD.EliminatingunionsinTheFrench ernmentwasreluctanttolettheworkersleavethecountry itwouldenlargetheworkingItwouldhindertheimprovementofqualityinindustrialItwouldreinforcetheincreaseintyofItwoulddamagetheAccordingtothepassage,France wasinadequatetomeettheneedsoftheFrenchWasfloodingtheinternationalmarketwithinferiorproductsC.EmphasizedindustrialproductionattheexpenseofagriculturalproductionD.WasenoughforthelocalmarkettomeettheneedsofitspeopleThereasonwhytheFrench ernmentprohibitedFrenchworkerstoworkabroadwasnotthat themigrationofworkersabroadwouldstrengthenitslaborThequalityofindustrialproductswouldbenotimprovedforlackofqualifiedThequalityofgoodproducedinothercountrieswouldbegreatlyThetyofqualitygoodsproducedinFrancewouldnotbeIfthepassageistobedevelopedfurther,theauthorwouldprobable howangrytheworkersgotabouttheirHow ernmentwouldsolveitseconomicHow ernmenttriedhardtopayitsworkerhigherHow ernmentaskeditsqualifiedworkerstostayatPassageThenon-medicaluseofcertaindrugsisforbiddenintheUnitedStatesbecausetheycanbedangerous.ManyAmerican,however,stillusedrugillegallywithoutadoctor’spermission.Infact,theabuseofdrugshas eoneofAmerica’smostserioussocialproblems.Oneofthemostdangerousillegalnarcoticsinusetodayisopium,withitsby-productsmorphineand.Thesedrugsarecalledopiates.Opiateshavelongbeenusedbydoctorstoeasethepainofseriouslyillorseverelyinjuredpeople.Buttheuseofthesedrugsmustbecarefullyregulatedbecausetheyarehabit-forming.Whenadrugorchemicalissohabit-formingthatthe whobeginstouseitgraduallyfindshecannotdowithoutit,thedrugiscalledaddictive.Peoplewhosufferfromaddictionarecalledaddicts.InAmerica,mostdrugaddictstake.Mostaddictsareyoung(under30),mostaremen,andalmostallliveinlargecities.ThereisnowaytoltheexactnumberofaddictsintheUnitedStates.ItisestimatedthathalfofAmerica’saddictsliveinNewYorkCity.Thisnumbermayincludehundredsofthousandsofpeople.Ifissoharmful,whydosomanypeopleuseit?partoftheanswerliesintheeffectsthatproduces.Itsometimestakesawayfear,tension,andfeelingsofhelplessness.Peopleuseinthehopethatitwillhelpthemescapefromalifethatisdull,hopeless,anddreary.ItiseasytoseewhytheuseofissocommoninthecrowedcityslumsandghettosinAmerica.Marijuanaisaproductfromannplantcalledhemp.Certainpartsofthisplanthavestrangeeffectsuponthehumanmind.Inmanycases,useofmarijuanacanleadtoveryunpleasanteffects.Itcreatesdangeroussituationsforpeoplewhoaredrivingacarorclimbing.Sometimesmarijuanacausespeopleto unnecessarilyafraidormagnifiesnormalfear.OneoftheserioussocialproblemsinAmerica thewronguseofcertainThemedicaluseofsomeThedangeroususeofTheillegaluseofopium’sby-Themedicaluseofsomedrugsislegalbutitshouldbecarefullyregulatedbydoctorsbecause theyarethemostserioussocialMostofthemarehabit-formingorTheycaneasethepainofseriouslyillpeopleD.PossessionofthesedrugsisillegalWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTheestimatesarethathalfofAmericansaddictsliveinNewYorkThenumberoftheaddictsreachedasmanyas100,000MostaddictsareyoungmenfeelingdullandAlmostalladdictsliveamongurbanAmericansfrompoordistricts52）Peopletakebecause Theyarefrightened,tenseandhelplesseverydaybyusingTheyhopetoproducesomeeffectsfromhedrugonhumanTheyhopethedrugmayhelpthemtoescapefromthepracticalTheyhopetogettheessenceoftheplantproducingstrangeTheuseorpossessionofmarijuanacan PunishedbylongtermlaboroutsidetheVerydangerousforpeoplewhoaredrivingacarorUnpleasantsighttothehumanSentencedinjailformanyThetoneoftheauthorinwritingthispassagecanbebest B.C. D.PassageTheworldisatthedawnofanewGoldenageoftravel---anageofvoyagingonatrulyglobalmassscale.Asthe21stcenturyunfurls,peopleofeverycountrywillbewanderingtoeverypartofthisplanet.Masstravelfirstbeganintheearly1950swhenAmericans---withtheirstrongcurrency,theirnewlyacquiredD.I.BilleducationandtheirWorldWarIIexposurefarawayplaces---tookadvantageofnewlyroutinetransatlanticflightsandliftedoffbythemillionstoseetheworldonfivesturdygreenbacksaday.Insucceedingyears,WestEuropeansandthethenJapanesefolloweduntiltravelmushroomedto theworld’slargestindustry.Today212millionpeoplearoundtheglobeareemployedintravelandtourism,abusinessthatearns$3.4trillionannually.Lastyearthenumberofinternationalairpassengersstoodat339.6million,with100millionmoreexpectedby1998.Allthatisimpressive,butitismerelyprelude.Adecadefromnow,theglobalindustryisexpectedtoemploy338.6millionpeopleandhaverevenuesof$7.2trillion.Thedoublingofrevenuealongrepresentsatravelexplosiononanunprecedentedscale.Itwillbe,moreover,anexplosionthatwill passmuchbroaderregionofthedominatedtheindustryinthelate20thcentury.Whilethebreadthandscopeof21stcenturytravelpromisestobeunique,itwillalsobeanechoofthepast.Inmanyways,thenearfutureharksbacktotravel’sfirstGoldenAgeinthe19thcentury.Threethingsenhancethatsimilarity;thesweepoftechnologicalchange;thetearingdownofpoliticalbarriers;andtherapeddeclineincoststhatmadetheimpulsetoseetheworldapracticalurge.Thepassagemainlydeals TheadvantagesofmassTherapiddevelopmentofmasstravelsinceWorldWarTourismanoneofthebiggestindustryintheHowtoconductmassTheword“unfurl”inparagraphoneisclosestinmeaning B.C. D.By1998,thenumberofinternationalpassengerswill A.339.6 B.