保險英語答案

精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載ReferenceAnswersofChapter1V.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:如果一個小孩在繁忙的大道中間玩耍、如果一個工人使用機器時，不知道機器出了問題而面臨危險、如果一個行人不知道靠近人行道的墻壁處于危險境地，面臨倒塌的危險，他們將會發(fā)生什么？每一種情況都有風險的因素和不確定性存在。這個小孩也許不會收到傷害、機器也許會堅持到這個工人用完機器為止、靠近人行道的墻壁沒有倒塌傷到這個人。但是在每一種情況都有可能造成嚴重的傷害。眾所周知，每一個人對他的鄰居的人身傷害和財產(chǎn)損失負有責任，不要傷害他的身體以及損壞他的財產(chǎn)。責任的產(chǎn)生也許是因一個房屋的所有權、一個寵物、戶外運動或者一個簡單的行為引起，比如穿越馬路不開前方等等。在英國1968年卡拉克先生(Clark)起訴西普思頓(Shepstone)女士案件中，Shepstone女士突然從人行道走出來，沒有看前方，致使摩托車駕駛者緊急剎車導致翻車，摩托車后座乘客Clark先生嚴重受損。他起訴Shepstone女士，最終獲得了28,500英鎊的賠償。如果Shepstone女士沒有購買個人公眾責任保險，她就會面臨嚴重的經(jīng)濟困難。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Riskisuncertaintyoflossandisthepossibilityofloss.Riskisunpredictable,whichrefersthattheactualresultsmaydifferfrompredictedresults.Floodistheperilandthehousenearthebankoftheriveristhehazard.Hazardsarenotthemselvesthecauseoftheloss,buttheycanincreaseordecreasetheeffectifaperiloperates.Physicalhazardrelatestothephysicalcharacteristicsoftherisk.Moralhazardisasituationinwhichapartyismorelikelytotakerisksbecausethecoststhatcouldresultwillnotbebornebythepartytakingtherisk.Wherethereisnorisk,thereisinsurance.Afinancialriskisonewheretheresultortheoutcomecanbemeasuredbymoney.VU.Caseanalysis:Supposeyouwanttoestablishasmallbusiness.Thebusinessisaboutasmallgrocery,sellingfoodstuffsandvarioushouseholdsupplies.Describethewaysinwhichriskmayaffectyourbusiness.Howyoudealwiththebusiness?Describethepurerisksandspeculativerisks.Atfirst,youmustconsiderpurerisksandspeculativerisks.Youshouldidentifytherisks,thenanalyzethemandtakestepstocontroltherisks.Youmaytransfertheriskstoinsurance.Purerisksincludematerialdamagestothegroceryandstockbyfire,storm,explosionormaliciousdamagesortheft.Liabilityriskstoemployeesorclients.Speculativerisksincludepricing,marketingdecisionsandcreditprovidingtoclients.Youshouldtakemeasurestominimizethefrequencyorseveritybybuyingequipment,forexample,fireprotection,securitysystems,burglaralarm,etc.Besides,youshouldmakesomeinvestigationsonclientsdemand.Purerisksareinsurable.Thereforeyoushouldbuysomekindsofinsurancetotransferpureriskstoinsurancecompany.Thereisalargemulti-nationpetroleumcompany.Itspendsalargesumofmoneyeachyearoninsurancepremiums.Talkaboutthebenefitsforthecompany,forthecommunityandforthegovernment.Benefitforthecompanies:Thecompanycanhaveapeacefulmindandsecurityprotectionbecausethecompanyhastransferredtherisktotheinsurancecompany.Ifthecompanychoosestoretaintherisk,it

wouldhavetoholdlargereservestocoveremergencies.Thoughtheinsurancepremiumisacertainloss,thebalanceoffundscanthenbeinvestedinthebusiness.Benefitforthecommunity:Ifthecompanyisinsuredagainstaloss,itcanstimulatethebusinessactivityandprovidejobsforthecommunity.Insurancecanprovideprotectionintheeventoflossandkeeppeopleinemployment.Benefitforthegovernment:Becausethepremiumscollectedbyinsurancecompanyarenotneededimmediatelyforclaims,thesepremiumscanbeinvestedintherealestate,transportation,energy,etc.Theseinvestmentsarehelpfulbothforthegovernmentandindustry.ReferenceAnswersofChapterReferenceAnswersofChapter2.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:保險利益至少有四個特點。首先，必須是一些財產(chǎn)、權利、利益、肢體或者潛在的利益可以進行投保。第二，這些財產(chǎn)、權利、利益等等必須是保險標的。第三，被保險人必須與保險標的有一定的關系，也就是他能得益于財產(chǎn)安全、生活安寧以及不要承擔責任，或者由于危險的存在和責任的承擔，他會受到傷害。最后，被保險人與保險標的的關系必須得到法律的認可。很難估算失去一只眼睛或者一條胳膊的價值是多少。任何估價都是武斷的，法庭依據(jù)以前的案例法已經(jīng)設計了一個賠償數(shù)額。對于特殊的傷害，這個數(shù)字不是固定不變的。例如，一條胳膊賠償一萬元，一只眼睛賠償二萬元。簡單地說，法庭采用以往的案例作為指引，對于傷害程度類似的就用類似的損失賠償。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Whenwetalkaboutinsurance,wealwaystalkabouttheinsurableinterest.Theproposer'sinsurableinteresttothesubjectmatterofinsuranceislimitedtothemaximumsuminsured.Inmarineinsurancecontract,theinsuredmustbeinterestedinthesubjectmatterinsuredatthetimeofloss,Inlifeinsurancecontract,insurableinterestisonlyrequiredbytheinsuredatinception.Theapplicanthasinsurableinterestsoverhimself,hisspouse,hischildrenandhisparents.．Insurancecompanieshaveinsurableinterestintheirliabilitytopayclaimstoinsureds.Inlifeinsurance,insurableinterestisonlyrequiredwhentheinsuredisinsuredhimselfatthebeginning.Generalspeaking,thetransferoflifeinsurancecontractcanbevalidonlyaftertheinsurerisagreed..Caseanalysis:AvisitorcametoShanghaiforsightseeingduringaholiday.AfterhevisitedtheTowerofEasternPearl,hewenttotheinsurancecompanyandmadeanofferthathewantedtopaypremiumtocovertheTowerinordertoprotecttheproperty.Doyouthinkthelocalinsurancecompanyagreestoaccepthisoffer?Idon’tthinkthelocalinsurancecompanyagreestoaccepthisoffer.ItisbecausetheTowerofEasternPearlbelongstothelocalgovernment,notbelongstotheVisitor.Hehasnoinsurableinteresttothesubjectmatterofinsurance.Therefore,thelocalinsurancecompanywillrefusetoaccepthisoffer.Johnsonistheownerofahouse.Thecostofrebuildingthehousewillbe￥600,000.Hehasamortgagefor￥350,000withIndustrial&CommercialBankofChina.DiscusswhatextentbothJohnsonandIndustrial&CommercialBankofChinahaveaninsurableinterestinthehouse?Johnsonistheownerofthehouseandthereforehas100percentinsurableinterestofthehouse,thatis,￥600,000.ChinaConstructionBankhasalsoaninsurableinterestasmortgageeinthehouse.Buttheinterestislimitedto$350,000.Inpractice,ChinaConstructionBankwillrequireJohnsontoinsurethehouseinthejointnamesoftheownerofthehouseandChinaConstructionBank.ThepolicymustbekeptbytheBank.ReferenceAnswersofChapter3.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:在合同談判期間書面或口頭的表述稱之為陳述。有些陳述是關于重要的事實，而有些陳述不是重要的陳述。那些重要的陳述必須是投保人非常真實的陳述，或者是其知識范圍內或認知的范圍內最佳的表述。在許多國家里，保險的陳述采取咨詢、問卷的形式等等。值得注意的是，在普通商務合同中，保證只是一種許諾，附屬與主合同之中。如有違反，受害方僅僅有權索賠損失費。然而，保險合同中的保證是最基本的條件，是合同的根本。如果違反保證，受害方可以解除合同。保證是一種許諾或承諾，許諾作為或不作為，某物事實是否存在。例如，在火災保險中，被保險人應該許諾垃圾每天晚上被清理干凈。在盜竊保險中，在維修合同項下保持侵入者報警系統(tǒng)處于良好的工作狀態(tài)。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Whetherinsurerorinsured,theyarebondbyutmostgoodfaith.Therewillbenoinsurableinterestinstolenmotorvehicleandgoodsofimportandexportwithoutlicense.Thematerialfactmustbedisclosed,whichwouldinfluencetheinsurerindecidingtoacceptorrefusethebusiness.Infireinsurance,theformoftheconstructionofthebuildingandthenatureofitsusemustbedisclosed.Inlifeassurance,thepersonmustdisclosepreviousmedicalhistory.Thefactthattheinsurershouldknowneedn’tbedisclosed.Misrepresentationisafalsestatementoffactsthatinducestheotherpartytoenterintothecontract.Thepracticaldifficultiesofrecoveringfromaninsuredaresogreatthattheinsurersoftendonotenforcethisright..Caseanalysis:Mrs.Thomasdecidedtobuyinsuranceforherhouseholdcontents,includingseveralitemsofjewelryunderan“AllRisk”sectionfromPatrickInsuranceCompany.Shecompletedaproposalform.Fromthisdocument,theinsurerassumedthistobea“standardrisk”withnoadversefeatures.Theythereforeissuedapolicyintheirnormaltermsforthistypeofinsuranceandattheirnormalpremium.TheinsurancewasrenewedoverthenextfewyearsandthenMr.Thomassubmittedaclaiminrespectofseveralitemsofjewelrywhichhadbeenstolen.Oninvestigatingtheclaim,theinsurerdiscoveredthatMrs.Thomas’shusbandhadbeentojailforcrimesinvolvingdishonesty,thecrimesinvolvedreceivingstolengoods-cigarettesandspirits.Accordingtothisinformation,theinsurerdecidedtorefusetheclaim.Whydoyouthinktheinsurancecompanyrefusedtheinsured'sclaimwhentheinsurerdiscoveredthecriminalrecordofherhusband?BecauseMrs.Thomasdidnotdisclosetotheinsureraboutherhusband'scriminalrecord,sheisinbreachofutmostgoodfaith.Theinsurercanrefuseherclaims.Doyouthinktheinsurerwasjustifiedinrefusingtheclaim?Iftheproposalformhassuchrequirementinthisrespect,theinsurancecompanywasjustifiedindoingso.Otherwise,itisunfair,forMr.Thomas’sjailhasnothingtodowiththeclaim.Whatdoyouthinkinsurerscandoorshoulddotopreventsimilardisputesarisinginfuture?Ithinkthatproposalformmustmakeclearthatfamilycriminalrecordhadtobedisclosedbytheapplicantsonottoarisedisputeinclaims.ReferenceAnswersofChapter4V.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:想一想，把六塊多米諾骨牌豎立起來，每塊多米諾骨牌之間只間隔半塊骨牌高的距離。如果在第一塊骨牌頂部敲打一下，這將導致它倒向第二塊骨牌，第二塊骨牌倒向第三塊骨牌，以此類推，最后第六塊骨牌倒下。在這里有一系列事件的發(fā)生，并帶來一個結果。所以，致使所有產(chǎn)生運轉的、積極有效的原因就是敲打第一塊骨牌。1970年，英國發(fā)生了一個案子。格雷與巴爾夫人關系曖昧，有一天晚上，她丈夫巴爾認為，他的妻子已經(jīng)到了格雷的家里。于是帶著上了膛的槍去找她。巴爾不相信格雷說巴爾夫人不在他家里，于是上樓親自去查找，并朝天花板放了一槍，嚇唬一下格雷，于是兩人廝打起來。在廝打過程中，槍走火了，格雷被巴爾殺死了。巴爾被指控謀殺和過失殺人，格雷夫人于是起訴巴爾要求賠償。法庭認為，格雷死亡的近因是他與巴爾夫人通奸造成的。法官們對于是第一槍還是第二槍是近因說法不一，對于近因是否是意外事故，也莫衷一是。然而，所有四個法官都認為，對他的賠償不符合公眾責任保險的條款，因此，格雷夫人敗訴。VI.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Theperilsrelevanttoinsuranceclaimcanbeclassifiedinthethreetypes.Firstly,theinsuredperils:thosenamedinthepolicyasinsured,suchasfire,lightningandexplosioninthepolicywording.Secondly,excludedperils,thosestatedinthepolicyasexcluded,suchasriot,earthquake,orwarinthepolicywording.Andfinally,theuninsuredperils:thosenotmentionedatallinthepolicy.Itisnecessaryfortheinsurerandtheinsuredtoinspectthecauseoflosscarefully.Thedifficultyarisesindecidingifthereisadirectchainofcausationbetweenthem.FireiscoveredandstormisnotcoveredinthefirepolicyinGreatBritain.Theauthorhopesthestudentscandistinguishthatthesamelightningdamagedthewalls,butwithdifferentproximatecause.ThejudgescouldnotagreeonwhetherthefirstorsecondshotwastheproximatecauseofBarr'sloss,noronwhetherthecausewasaccidentalornot.Iftherehadbeennowar,hewouldnothavebeenonthelinealongthetrain.VU.Caseanalysis:Atheftpolicyexcludedlossesduetothewar.Duringanenemyairraidonenight,allthestreetlightswereturnedoffinordernottoilluminatetargetsfortheenemyaircraft.Undercoverofthisblackout,athiefbrokeintoawarehouseandstolesomeoftheinsuredproperty.Doyouthinktheinsurancecompanyshouldpaytheclaimtotheinsured?Why?Yes,theinsurancecompanyshouldpaytheclaims.Becausethereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweentheblackoutandthethieves,eveninthedaytime,thievesstillwanttostealpropertyfromtheownerofthehouse.Thereforeinsurancecompanycannotrefusetheclaimwiththeexcludedterms.ReferenceAnswersofChapter5.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:補償原則特別依賴財務評估，因此，我們必須考慮那些評估有難度的保單情況。人壽保險和個人意外傷害保險中，主體有無限的利益。在這種情況下，補償是不可能的。換句話說，人壽保險和個人意外傷害保險單不是補償合同，因為一個人的生命和肢體不能用金錢來衡量。但是有雇主為雇員購買的個人意外傷害保險中，情況有所不同。保險單旨在提供一筆錢給雇主，用以支付生病雇員的工資。人壽保險合同不適應代為追償?shù)脑瓌t，因為人壽保險合同不是補償性合同。假如死亡是由于另一個人的疏忽造成的，那么死者的家屬代表除了獲得保險單的賠償金之外，還可以獲得加害人的賠償。例如，如果一個航班客機墜毀，造成乘客的死亡，受益人除了獲得保險單的賠償外，還可以獲得航空公司的補償。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Theprincipleofindemnityreliesonfinancialevaluation.Subrogationisderivedfromindemnity.Theinsurersmustnotmakeanyprofitbyexercisingtheirsubrogationrights.Mostinsurancecontractsarecontractsofindemnityexceptlifeinsurance.Lifeinsurancecontractsarenotcontractsofindemnity,asthevalueofaperson'slifeorlimbcannotbemeasuredbymoney.Theoptionsofthewaysofpaymentbyinsurersincludecashpayment,replacement,repairandreinstatement.Insurersmakefulluseofrepairasamethodofprovidingindemnityinmotorinsurance.Inmostcases,replacementreferstoglassinsurance..Caseanalysis:Aninsuredhaswrittentotheinsurancecompany,sayingthathisTVsethasbeendestroyedcompletelybyfire.Theclaimiscoveredunderherhouseholdpolicyandalltheinsurancecompanyhastodoishowmuchtopay.TheTVsetwas5yearsoldandcost$500whenitwaspurchasednew.AsimilarTVsetwouldcost$1000today.TheinsuredagreedthatthelifeoftheTVsetwouldhavebeen15yearsandthatherTVsethadsufferednormalwearandtear.Howmuchshouldinsurancecompanypayundertheindemnitypolicy?Writeouttheformula.Answertothecase:Indemnityisthecostofreplacementlesswearandtear.Inthiscase,thecostofreplacementis$1000.ThelifeoftheTVsetwasagreedat15yearsandasitis5yearsold,ithasgonethroughonethirdofitslife.Theinsuredisthereforeentitledtotwothirdsofthereplacementcost.ThewearandtearoftheTVset:1000x1/3=$333Theclaimpayment:1000-333=$667Thereforetheinsurancecompanyshouldpay$667totheinsured.ReferenceAnswersofChapter6.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:對價指的是一方獲得的權利和所得到的利益，或由另一方承受的忍耐、傷害和損失。例如，保險合同中，保險人許諾提供某些風險的保障，在

銷售合同中，銷售合同中，賣方許諾某種商品等等。法律將不會強制執(zhí)行一個許諾，除非該許諾有對價的支撐。對價可以理解為支撐許諾的價格。例如，在英國有一個妓女在早期形式的租賃合同中購買了一輛馬車，后來她沒有錢支付借款，她遭到馬車出租人的起訴。法庭認為既然馬車公司知道馬車用來拉嫖客，那么，這個合同是無效的。他們起訴她拖欠的款或債務的行為失敗。法庭認為，簽訂不道德目的的合同有悖于倫理道德。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Socialanddomesticagreementsarenotlegallybinding.Acceptinganinvitationtoapartyoraweddingcannotcreateacontract.Thelawwillnotenforceapromiseunlessitissupportedbyconsideration.Bothpartieswhomakeacontractmusthavethecapacitytoperformthecontract.Insurancecertificateisasimplifiedinsurancecontract.Insurancepolicyisdrawnupandprintedbyinsurerinadvance.Theconclusionofaninsurancecontractmeansalegalactionofmakinganagreementbetweentheinsurerandinsuredonafairandvoluntarybasis.Inpropertyinsurance,iftheinsuredpropertyissoldortransferredorinherited,theapplicantortheinsuredhastobemodified.Inmotorinsurance,thetermsofcoverandpremiumwilldependnotonlyonthevehicletobeinsuredbutalsotheage,occupation,experienceanddrivingrecordoftheinsured.Becauseofthelimitations,fewinsurancecontractsarefreelyassignableexceptmarinecargopolicies..Caseanalysis:Asontakesthefamilybusinessoverfromhisfather,whowishestoretirefromactivebusinesslife.Severalyearslater,thesonwishestoexpandthebusiness,whichisthatofaself-employedhaulagecontractor,bypurchasinganothervehicle.Thecostofthiswillbe$20,000andherequestsaloanof$15,000fromhisfathertoenablehimtopurchasethevehicle.Thefatheragreestoprovidethesonwiththeloansubjecttotwoconditions:Thesontakesalifeinsurancepolicyoutonhisownlifefor$15000makingthefatherbeneficiary.Thesontakesoutapolicyinthejointnamesoffatherandsontocoverthevehicle,sothatintheeventofvehiclebeingdamagedordestroyed,thefather’sinterestisalsotakencareof.Doyouthinkthelifeunderwriterswillagreetothearrangement?Yes,hewillagree.Doyouthinkthemotorinsurerswillagreetothearrangement?No,thefatherhasnoinsurableinterestinthevehicle.Whatrecommendationscanyoumakeinrespectoftheproposedarrangements?Thesontakesoutthemotorpolicyinhisownname.Andthefatheristhethirdpartyincaseofaclaimoccurs,thesoncanassignthepaymenttohisfatherwheninsurerpaystheclaimstotheson.ReferenceAnswersofChapter7V.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:1.大多數(shù)商業(yè)保險公司通過注冊的保險經(jīng)紀人從事保險業(yè)務。這些經(jīng)紀人將為大型的公司提供有價值的服務。此外，保險經(jīng)紀人還可以處理某些索賠、起草保單條款、執(zhí)行風險檢驗以及提供風險管理服務等等。保險經(jīng)紀人把業(yè)務帶到保險市場中起了主要的作用。經(jīng)紀人與被保險人達成保險協(xié)議后，保險經(jīng)紀人選擇一個首席承保人。由首席承保人確定收取的費率、確定保險條款，并且劃定風險最大百分比份額。帶著準備就緒的這些條款和承保條件，保險經(jīng)紀人把“承保條”帶給其他保險人接受風險份額，直到最后100%的風險安排完畢。2.英國保險人協(xié)會（ABI）是英國保險公司主要行業(yè)協(xié)會，根據(jù)協(xié)會的統(tǒng)計，有大約300家保險公司是行業(yè)協(xié)會的會員。他們當中，提供國內保險銷售90%的保險服務。ABI會員公司占倫敦股票市場20%的投資總額，ABI會員是政府稅收的主要來源。在2010年至2011年納稅年度中，支付了10,400,000,000英鎊。ABI由會員捐款資助。ABI的主要目標包括增進會員的利益，向政府和其他機構闡述他們的觀點。它還組織編寫許多統(tǒng)計刊物和其他出版物，包括年度報告、消費者咨詢以及犯罪預防的小冊子。VI.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:Whenwetalkaboutmarket,wemaythinkabouttheweekendmarketofthetown.Amonginternationalmarkets,Londonisuniquemarketthatisconcentratedhighlyintermsofgeographicallocation.MostinsurancecompaniesaremembersofInternationalUnderwritingAssociation.Atthesametime,theyalsoaremembersofAssociationofBritishInsurers.Lloyd'sisnotaninsurancecompany.Itisaninsurancemarket.Insurancebrokersareintermediaries,whoplayakeyroleinbringingbusinesstotheLondonInsuranceMarket.Commissionoftheinsurancebrokerscomesfrominsurancecompanies.Insuranceagentsgetcommissionfromtheinsurer.Theactionofaninsuranceagentislookedupontheactionofaninsurer..Caseanalysis:Tomowes$8,000tohissisterCatherine.Inordertokeepherloaninasafeposition,CatherinewantstobuyalifepolicyonTom’slifefor$8,000.Fivemonthslater,Tomrepaystheloan$8,000withtheinteresttoCatherine.However,CatherinestillmaintainsthelifepolicyonTom’slife.DiscusswhatthepositionisuponTom’sdeath?Answer:Peoplecaninsurethelifeofanotherpersontowhomtheybeararelationshiprecognizedatlaw,totheextentofapossiblefinancialloss.Therefore,Catherine,acreditor,standstolose$8,000ifTomdiesbeforerepayingtheloanandthushasinsurableinteresttotheextentoftheloanplusinterest.However,inlifeinsurance,insurableinterestisrequiredonlyatinceptionaccordingtoinsurancelaws.Thereisnorequirementforinsurableinteresttobepresentatthetimeoftheclaim.Therefore,uponTom'sdeath,itisirrelevantthatCatherinenolongerhasanyinsurableinterest(theloanhasbeenrepaid)andsoCatherinemayrecoveranadditional$8,000underherlifepolicy.ReferenceAnswersofChapter8V.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:.設立保險公司，其注冊資本的最低限額為人民幣二億元人民幣。設立保險公司的注冊資本最低限額為實繳貨幣資本。根據(jù)提出的業(yè)務范圍和經(jīng)營規(guī)模，金融監(jiān)管機構和監(jiān)管機構可以調整其注冊資本的最低限額。然而，最低資本不得低于法律規(guī)定的保險金額。.保險公司是金融機構，其經(jīng)濟功能是經(jīng)濟金融服務業(yè)的組成部分。金融機構是一個具有融資渠道的組織，通過接受儲戶的剩余的貨幣，貸款給那些支付利息的借款人。金融服務業(yè)是由金融機構組成，幫助消費者和企業(yè)和組織存儲、借貸、投資以及理財除了為經(jīng)濟增長提供資金外，保險公司也投資社會項目，幫助改善人們的生活質量。例如，人壽和健康保險公司也將資金投資于支助艾滋病的進一步研究與教育，還為慈善組織提供資金支持。.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish:China'sfirstinsurancecompanywasestablishedinShanghaiin1875.TheestablishmentofPICCmarkedthefastdevelopmentofChina'sinsuranceindustry.AcorporationisalegalentitycreatedbytheauthorityofagovernmentIftheownerbecomesdisabledordies,thebusinessusuallyclosesitsdoors.Thecorporation'sdebtsandliabilitiesbelongtothecorporationitself,