某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件

Global8D全球8D系統(tǒng)Welcome歡迎來到Global8D全球8D系統(tǒng)Welcome歡迎來到1Course

ContentSectionOverviewofthe8Dprocess&analysistoolsDOPrepareforG8DprocessD1EstablishtheteamD2DescribetheproblemD3DevelopICAsD4Define&verifyRootCause&EscapePointD5Choose&verifyPCAsD6Implement&validatePCASD7PreventrecurrenceD8Recogniseteam&individualcontributionPage6245174110134162203228246CourseContentSectionPage2課程內(nèi)容章節(jié)8D程序及分析工具綜述DO全球8D程序的準(zhǔn)備D1創(chuàng)建工作團隊D2故障描述D3

發(fā)展ICAsD4

定義并驗證根本起因和忽略點D5

選擇并確認(rèn)永久性改正行動D6執(zhí)行并驗證永久性改正行動D7預(yù)防錯誤的重現(xiàn)D8肯定團隊及個人的貢獻頁數(shù)6245174110134162203228246課程內(nèi)容章節(jié)頁數(shù)3FTEPModulesFordTechnicalEducationProgramTolerance

DesignThreadedFastenerJointDesignSystems

EngineeringFundamentalsStatisticalEngineeringProductReliabilityProcessFundamentalsProcessControlMethodsParameter

DesignManufacturingReliabilityGlobal8DFOASFMEAExperimental

DesignDV&PVAppliedConsumerFocusFTEPModulesFordTechnicalTole4FTEP模塊福特技術(shù)培訓(xùn)項目公差設(shè)置節(jié)點設(shè)置系統(tǒng)工程基本原理

統(tǒng)計工程產(chǎn)品可靠性過程基本原理過程控制方法參數(shù)設(shè)置制造可靠性全球8DFOASFMEA試驗性設(shè)計DV&PV應(yīng)用顧客焦點FTEP模塊福特技術(shù)培訓(xùn)5Introductions介紹你的姓名你的工作職責(zé)以前對全球8D的了解你想從這門課程中獲得什么YournameYourresponsibilitiesPriorGlobal8DexperienceWhatyouhopetogetoutofthiscourseIntroductions介紹你的姓名Yourname6CourseObjectives課程目標(biāo)Aftercompletingthiscourseyoushouldbeableto:/完成這門課程之后你應(yīng)該能夠:DescribeeachstepintheG8Dprocess描述全球8D課程中的每個步驟的功能和目標(biāo)EffectivelyparticipateasaG8Dteammemberinyourworkplace在你的工作崗位上以一個全球8D團隊成員的身份積極有效地參與。HelpFordreachitsgoaltobetheleadingautomotivemanufacturerthroughproductexcellenceandcustomersatisfaction幫助福特達到其遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)：通過提供優(yōu)秀的產(chǎn)品和令顧客滿意的服務(wù)成為世界上汽車制造業(yè)的主導(dǎo)公司。

CourseObjectives課程目標(biāo)Afterc7OverviewoftheG8DProcess全球8D程序綜述TheG8Dprocess全球8D程序:Askswhyaproductorprocessisoperatingoutsideofaperformancestandard考慮一種產(chǎn)品或過程為什么會運行于其性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之外Seekstodefineandunderstandaproblem尋求對于故障的定義和理解Providesamechanismforidentifyingrootcauseandimplementingappropriatecorrectiveaction提供一種識別故障根本起因的機制并執(zhí)行合適的矯正行為Identifiestheneedforsystemicchanges,preventingtherecurrenceofaproblemandothersimilarproblems識別系統(tǒng)變化的需要，預(yù)防同一個故障以及其他類似故障的重現(xiàn)Emphasizesteamsynergy強調(diào)團隊的協(xié)作OverviewoftheG8DProcess8OverviewoftheG8DProcess全球8D程序綜述G8Dalsoaimsto:/G8D還致力于:

Provideacommonprocessthatdefinesandresolvesproblemseffectivelyandpreventstheirrecurrence.提供一種通用的程序有效地定義和解決故障并防止故障的重現(xiàn)Increasemanagementunderstandingofproblemsandproblemresolution加強對故障理解和解決方面的管理Improveconcernresolutionandprevention改進故障的解決和預(yù)防Promotefrankandopenproblem-solving鼓勵率直開放的解決故障的方法OverviewoftheG8DProcess9PhasesoftheG8DProcess

全球8D程序的幾個階段D0Preparefortheglobal8DprocessD0全球8D程序的準(zhǔn)備D1EstablishtheteamD1創(chuàng)建工作團隊D2DescribetheproblemD2故障描述D3DevelopInterimContainmentActions (ICAs)D3發(fā)展ICAsD4DefineandverifyrootcauseandescapepointD4定義并驗證根本起因和忽略點PhasesoftheG8DProcess

全球8D10PhasesoftheG8DProcess

全球8D程序的幾個階段D5ChooseandverifyPermanentCorrectiveActions(PCAs)forrootcauseandescapepointD5能夠針對根本起因和忽略點來選擇并確認(rèn)永久性的改正行動D6ImplementandvalidatePermanentCorrectiveActions(PCAs)D6執(zhí)行并驗證永久性改正行動D7 PreventrecurrenceD7 預(yù)防錯誤的重現(xiàn)D8RecogniseteamandindividualcontributionD8肯定團隊及個人的貢獻PhasesoftheG8DProcess

全球8D11TypesofProblemsituations兩種故障類型Therearetwotypesofproblemsituations:有兩種故障類型:Change-inducedsituations變異引起的情況Never-been-theresituations從未發(fā)生過的情況TypesofProblemsituationsThe12G8Dand6-SigmaDMAIC

全球8D和6-SigmaDMAICTheG8Dprocessisparticularlysuitedtotheresolutionofchangeinducedproblems,orspecialcause.G8D程序?qū)τ诮鉀Q變異或者說特殊起因?qū)е碌墓收系男Ч秋@著的。The6-Sigmaprocessisespeciallysuitedtotheresolutionofneverbeenthereproblems,orcommoncause.6-Sigma方法尤其適合解決從未發(fā)生過的或者說共通起因?qū)е碌墓收稀8Dand6-SigmaDMAIC

全球8D和6-S13ChangeInduced(G8D)變異導(dǎo)致(G8D)Initially,thesystemoperatesasexpected,butatsomepointitsuddenlydeviatesfromtheexpectedperformancelevel.起初，系統(tǒng)按預(yù)期效果運行，但是在某個節(jié)點上它突然背離了預(yù)期的性能水平Thedeviationmightbeongoing,intermittent,oraone-timeevent(wherethereisalwaysthepotentialitcanreoccur).這種背離也許會持續(xù)、間斷或者僅僅是一次事件（在潛在的某個位置會重新發(fā)生）Ifthedeviationisintermittentitmighthappenrandomlyorinapattern.如果這種背離是間斷的，它也許會無規(guī)律地發(fā)生，或者按照某種模式發(fā)生Change-inducedproblemsdonotgoawayuntiltherootcauseisfound.變異導(dǎo)致的故障直到根本起因發(fā)現(xiàn)之后才會消失ChangeInduced(G8D)14NeverBeenThere(DMAIC)

從未發(fā)生過(DMAIC)Theperformanceofasystemhasneverachievedtheexpectedlevel.一種系統(tǒng)的性能從未達到過預(yù)期的水平Thesystemhasoperatedbelowexpectationsfromdayone(incapableprocess).系統(tǒng)從施行那天起就低于預(yù)期水平（無法勝任的程序）Never-been-thereproblemssometimesarecalledaday-onedeviation.從未發(fā)生過的故障有時稱為本身背離故障。Never-been-thereproblemsmaybeduetoanumberoffactorsincludinginadequatedesignandcommoncausevariation從未發(fā)生過的故障可能是由于許多因素所致，包括不適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計和共通起因的變更NeverBeenThere(DMAIC)

從未發(fā)生過15G8Dprocesstools/G8D過程工具FlowchartsthatstepthroughtheG8DprocessandshowthetransitionfromD0-D8.流程圖描述G8D的整個過程并顯示從D0到D8的轉(zhuǎn)變AssessingquestionstohelpdeterminewheneachphaseoftheG8Dprocessiscomplete.評估故障幫助確定G8D過程的每個階段什么時候完成Problem-SolvingWorksheet,to

helpG8DteamstoworkthroughtheG8Dprocess.故障解決工作表

幫助G8D小組完成G8D過程G8DWebapplication/LotusNotesIC8DtotrackthestatusandprogressionofaG8D.

G8D環(huán)球網(wǎng)應(yīng)用軟件/LotusNotesIC8D

跟蹤G8D進行狀況和級數(shù)G8Dprocesstools/G8D過程工具Fl16Flowcharts流程圖Flowchartsaredesignedto:流程圖用來:Keeptheteamandthechampionfocusedontasks使小組和負(fù)責(zé)人集中精力于目標(biāo)范圍Serveasanadvancedorganizer作為一個先進的組織者為整個過程服務(wù)Performaninterimcheckonprogressduringtheprocess在過程中進行項目進展程度的過渡性檢驗Helpidentifywhatresourcesareneededandwhen幫助識別哪些資源是需要的，什么時候可以獲得BeaguideforcompletingG8Dsteps作為完成全球8D步驟的向?qū)lowcharts流程圖Flowchartsare17Assessing

QuestionsAssessingquestionshelpG8DteamsdetermineifthestepsoftheGlobal8Dprocesshavebeencompletedappropriately.Assessingquestionsaredesignedto:EnsureconsistentapplicationoftheG8DprocessAssisttheteaminachievingG8DdisciplineobjectivesKeeptheteamandthechampionfocusedontasksProvideaqualityassurancecheckServeasanadvancedorganizerPerformaninterimcheckduringtheprocessHelpidentifywhatresourcesareneededandwhenBeachecklistandamemoryjoggerforsuccessfulandeffectivecompletionofG8DstepsAssessingQuestionsAssessingq18評估故障評估故障幫助G8D小組確定G8D過程的每個步驟是否都是完全合適的評估故障用來:確保G8D過程一致的應(yīng)用程序

幫助小組達到G8D學(xué)科目標(biāo)使小組和負(fù)責(zé)人集中精力于目標(biāo)范圍

提供一品質(zhì)保證檢查作為一個先進的組織者為整個過程服務(wù)在程序進行中實施過渡期間檢查幫助識別哪些資源是必需的以及什么時候需要它們是成功有效地完成G8D步驟的檢查清單和存儲器評估故障評估故障幫助G8D小組確定G8D過程的每個步驟是否都19Problem-solvingworksheet

故障解決工作表Primarytoolusedbyteamsinidentifyingtherootcauseofaproblem工作表是小組在識別故障根本起因時使用的主要工具Includesworksheetsfor:/工作表包括:ProblemDescription故障描述ComparativeAnalysis比較分析RootCauseTheories根本起因推測TestingRootCauseTheories測試根本起因推測Problem-solvingworksheet

故障解決20G8DWebapplicationG8D環(huán)球網(wǎng)應(yīng)用軟件TheG8DWebapplicationprovides:

G8D環(huán)球網(wǎng)應(yīng)用軟件:

G8DteamswithavaluabletooltotrackanddocumenttheG8Dprocess./為G8D小組跟蹤并證明8D過程提供了一個有價值的工具Additionalstructuretotheproblem-solvingprocessbyaskingforkeyinformationateachstep/通過在每個步驟尋求關(guān)鍵信息為解決故障過程提供了一個額外的體系A(chǔ)communicationstoolforteamsnotlocatedtogethergeographically/為位于不同地理位置的小組之間提供了通信工具A"lessonslearned"databaseofpastproblem-solvingeffortswithinFordMotorCompany/在福特汽車公司內(nèi)部提供了一個對以往解決的故障回顧的數(shù)據(jù)庫G8DWebapplication21ProblemCorrectionandPrevention故障修正和預(yù)防

Areliableproductorprocessisoneinwhichfailuremodesareavoided.可靠的產(chǎn)品或過程產(chǎn)生于失敗的模式被避免之后。Unfortunately,evenwiththemostdisciplinedprocessinplace,somelevelofmistakesisinevitable,andmistakesleadtoproblems.不幸的是，即使在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢迷O(shè)置最合適的過程，某種程度的錯誤還是不可避免，而這些錯誤又導(dǎo)致了故障的出現(xiàn)。

ThegoalofG8Disto:/G8D的目標(biāo)是:Correctaproblem修正故障Preventrecurrenceofthisandsimilarproblems預(yù)防同一故障和其他類似故障的重現(xiàn)ProblemCorrectionandPrevent22Inductivevs.DeductiveProblemSolving歸納法vs.演繹法Aninductiveproblemsolvingapproachstartswithdatabasedonobservationsandsetsouttodevelopatheoryconsistentwiththedata.歸納法基于觀測數(shù)據(jù)，旨在形成一種與數(shù)據(jù)一致的推測。Adeductiveproblemsolvingapproachstartswithatheoryandattemptstoprovethatatheoryappliesinaparticularsituationbycollectingandanalysingdataandseeingifthedataisconsistentwiththetheory/演繹法以某種推測為基礎(chǔ)并將這種推測運用于某一特殊情況，通過收集并分析數(shù)據(jù)，驗證數(shù)據(jù)是否與推測一致。G8Dusesbothinductiveanddeductiveapproachestoresolveaproblem/G8D運用歸納法和演繹法來解決故障Inductivevs.DeductiveProble236-Sigma(DMAIC)DMAICisasystematicanddisciplinedapproachtoreducedefectsresultingfromaprocess.EachletterintheDMAICacronymrepresentsadifferentphaseinthemethod:Define:Aproblemisdefinedandapotential6-SigmaDMAICprojectisscopedout.Measure:Dataonthecurrentperformanceoftheprocessismeasured.Analyse:Dataisanalysedtodeterminethesourceoftheproblemandhowtheoutcomeoftheprocessmightbeimprovedtoeliminateit.Improve:Animprovementoptionisselectedandimplemented.Control:Ongoingperformanceismonitoredandcontrolled.Asixthphase,Replicate,hasbeenadded,whichinvolvesreplicatingtheimprovementinotherareasofthecompanyandupdatingthecorporateknowledgebase.6-Sigma(DMAIC)DMAICisasys246-Sigma(DMAIC)DMAIC是一種減少過程中產(chǎn)生缺陷的系統(tǒng)的、統(tǒng)一的方法DMAIC中的每個字母都是只取首字母的縮寫詞，分別代表了這種方法中的不同階段：定義:

定義故障及潛在的6-SigmaDMAIC項目范圍確定測量:測量當(dāng)前過程的數(shù)據(jù)分析:

分析數(shù)據(jù)，確定故障來源以及過程改進方法，從而消除故障改進:

選擇并執(zhí)行合適的改進方法控制:監(jiān)控執(zhí)行新增的第六階段，重復(fù),致力于在公司的其他領(lǐng)域重復(fù)同樣的改善和知識基礎(chǔ)。6-Sigma(DMAIC)DMAIC是一種減少過程中產(chǎn)256-Sigma(DCOV)DCOVisFord’simplementationoftheDesignforSixSigma(DFSS)conceptDCOVusesSixSigmatoolstooptimisetherelationshipbetweencustomerperceivedperformanceanddesignparameters.EachletterofDCOVrepresentsaphaseinthemethod:Define:Customerrequirementsandwantsaresynthesizedintoproductand/orprocesscharacteristics.Characterize:Productandmanufacturingprocessdesignconceptsaregeneratedandselectedandthemannerinwhichthesystemmeetscustomerrequirementsisunderstood.Optimize:Theproductandthemanufacturingprocessdesignareoptimizedtobereliableandrobust.Verify:Theexpectedlevelofperformanceofthenewprocessorproductisconfirmed.6-Sigma(DCOV)DCOVisFord’s266-Sigma(DCOV)DCOV

是福特對6-Sigma概念的設(shè)計施行DCOV運用6-Sigma工具使顧客感知的性能和實際設(shè)置之間的關(guān)系達到最優(yōu)化DCOV的每個字母都代表了這種方法的一個階段:定義:

顧客的需求被綜合到產(chǎn)品和/或過程特征里特征:產(chǎn)品和制造過程的設(shè)計概念產(chǎn)生并被選擇好后，滿足顧客需求的系統(tǒng)模式也就被了解了最優(yōu)化:

產(chǎn)品和制造過程設(shè)計的可靠性和強勁性被最優(yōu)化檢驗:

新過程或者產(chǎn)品的期待性能水平被驗證6-Sigma(DCOV)27ProblemSolving&OtherRelatedProcesses故障解決及其他相關(guān)程序Abriefdescriptionofsomeoftheotherproblem-solvingmethodsinusebothinside&outsideofFord:對福特內(nèi)、外部正在使用的其他解決故障的方法的簡短描述14DHighMileageResolutionProcess(HMRP)高程度解決程序(HMRP)ShaininStructuredInventiveThinking(SIT)構(gòu)筑創(chuàng)造式思維(SIT)ProblemSolving&OtherRelate28D0D029Sectionobjectives:DefinethegoalofD0DescribeEmergencyResponseAction(ERA)DetermineifanERAisrequiredDistinguishbetweenverificationandvalidationChoose,verify,implement,andvalidateanERADeterminewhetherornottousetheG8DprocesstosolveaproblemDescribethefunctionoftheAssessingQuestions/ChecklistD0–“Preparefortheglobal8Dprocess”D0–“Preparefortheglobal830各章節(jié)目標(biāo):定義D0的目標(biāo)描述緊急反應(yīng)行為

確定緊急反應(yīng)行為是否是必需的區(qū)別核實確認(rèn)和批準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)選定，檢驗，執(zhí)行以及驗證緊急反應(yīng)行為確定是否使用G8D過程來解決故障描述故障/清單評估的作用D0–“全球8D過程的準(zhǔn)備”各章節(jié)目標(biāo):D0–“全球8D過程的準(zhǔn)備”31WhyShouldIPreparefortheGlobal8DProcess?我為什么要為全球8D過程做準(zhǔn)備?

TheG8Dprocesscanbeintensive.Alotoftime,people,andresourcescanbeinvolvedandwasted,ifusingtheprocessisnotjustified.全球8D過程應(yīng)該是徹底的。很多時候，如果過程使用不適當(dāng)，人力和財力將會很棘手并造成浪費。D0helpsyoufocusontheproblemsothatyouuseresourcesefficiently.D0幫助你集中精力于故障，所以你可以有效地使用資源。PreparefortheG8DProcess全球8D過程的準(zhǔn)備WhyShouldIPreparefortheG32AnEmergencyResponseAction(ERA)isanyactiontakentoprotectcustomersandaffectedpartiesfromasymptomwhileyoudetermineifaG8Disnecessary.緊急反應(yīng)行動（ERA）是在你確認(rèn)G8D是否必要后所采取的行動，目的在于保護顧客及相關(guān)受影響的對象不致因一癥狀而蒙受損失。Acustomerisaperson,organisation,orclassofdriverexperiencingsymptoms.顧客可以是一個人，一個組織，或者驅(qū)動癥狀產(chǎn)生的某類事物。Affectedpartiesarepeople,organisations,orclassesofdriverswhoareorwillpotentiallybeaffectedbyasymptom.受影響的對象可以是人，組織，或者被癥狀影響或存在潛在影響的某些類事物。EmergencyResponseActions緊急反應(yīng)行動AnEmergencyResponseAction(33Problemsvs.symptoms故障vs.癥狀G8Ddistinguishesbetweenproblemsandsymptoms/G8D把故障和癥狀區(qū)分開來Symptomsaremeasurableeventsoreffects(thatmustbeexperiencedbycustomers)thatindicatetheexistenceofoneormoreproblems癥狀是顯示某一或更多故障中存在的可測量事件或效應(yīng)（必由顧客所經(jīng)歷）Withoutasymptom,youdon’tknowthatthere’saproblem沒有癥狀，你就無法得知故障的存在Problemsvs.symptoms34UsingToolstoMeasureandQuantifySymptoms使用工具測量并量化癥狀Symptomsshouldonlybeconsideredwhentheycanbemeasuredorquantified.只有當(dāng)趨勢可以被測量或者量化的時候才應(yīng)該被考慮ThereareanumberoftoolscommonlyusedwithinFordtomeasureandquantifysymptoms在福特，通常有許多工具可以用來測量并量化故障因素PaynterChart/Paynter圖Pareto/柏拉圖Run(trend)chart/運行（趨勢）圖Hazardplot/Hazard圖UsingToolstoMeasureandQua35Payntercharts/Paynter圖

Helptrackoneormoresymptoms.幫助追蹤與癥狀有關(guān)的一種或多種故障說明Showseffectofproductactions顯示產(chǎn)品作用的效果Canbedisplayedgraphicallyorasatableofdata以圖畫或數(shù)據(jù)表格的形式顯示Payntercharts/Paynter圖Hel36Pareto柏拉圖AParetochartranksallpotentialproblemareasorsourcesaccordingtocostorfrequency柏拉圖將所有產(chǎn)生故障的潛在范圍和因素根據(jù)成本和頻次排列Canhelpsortouttheimportantfewpiecesofdatafromthetrivialmany柏拉圖有助于從瑣碎的眾多因素中挑選出重要的幾類數(shù)據(jù)Pareto柏拉圖AParetochartranks37Run(Trend)Chart

運行（趨勢）圖Arun(trend)chartprovidesapictureofprocessvariationovertime運行圖顯示了在績效上隨著時間而產(chǎn)生的方向性變化Itisusedtodiscerndatatrendsorpatterns.運行圖用來辨別數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢或數(shù)據(jù)類型Run(Trend)Chart

運行（趨勢）圖Arun38HazardPlot/Hazard圖Useswarrantyrepairinformationtocreateanestimateofhowmanyvehicleswillexperienceaparticularfailuremode使用正確的修理信息對即將產(chǎn)生特殊故障模式的汽車數(shù)量進行估計Candescribethetypeoffailurerate(increasing,decreasing,constant)可以描述故障率的類型（漸增型，漸減型,不變型）Mostusefulforlookingatindividualpartfailuresasopposedtosystemfailures,assystemshavehigherlikelyhoodofmultiplerootcauses對于相對于系統(tǒng)故障的個別零件故障一般都很有用，因為系統(tǒng)故障更有可能出現(xiàn)重復(fù)的根本起因HazardPlot/Hazard圖Useswarr39某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件40Questions故障Whattwoproblemsarecreatingthegreatestfrequencyofconcerns?哪兩種故障引起關(guān)注的頻次最高？Questions故障Whattwoproblems41Questions故障WhateffectdidERA‘a(chǎn)’&‘b’haveontheproblem,asshowninthePaynterchart?關(guān)于上表中敘述故障，緊急應(yīng)變行動”a”和”b”分別有什么效果?Questions故障WhateffectdidERA42Emergency

ResponseActions

緊急應(yīng)變行動Isbasedontheinformationyouhaveathand它是基于你所掌握的信息而采取的行動Maybeasextensiveasstoppingallshipmentsorasminimalasdoingnothingatall它可能大到停止所有發(fā)運，也可能小到什么都不做Isanimmediateimplementation-youdon'tspendalotoftimeresearchinganERA是立即就要采取的措施——你不必事先花很多時間來研究應(yīng)急措施EmergencyResponseActionsIs43DeterminetheneedforanERA

考慮采取緊急應(yīng)變行動需要作何準(zhǔn)備AnERAisnotalwaysnecessary并不是所有故障都需要采取應(yīng)急措施TheseriousnessoftheproblemanditseffectonthecustomerwilldetermineifanERAisrequired應(yīng)該根據(jù)故障的嚴(yán)重性和它對顧客產(chǎn)生的影響來確定是否需要采取應(yīng)急措施Whereimmediateactionisrequiredduetotheseriousnessoftheproblem,anERAmaybeimplementedbeforetheG8Dteamisformed根據(jù)故障的嚴(yán)重性來決定如何采取應(yīng)急措施。在成立全球8D的團隊之前就可以采取應(yīng)急措施了DeterminetheneedforanERA

44SelectandVerifyanERA

TomakesureanERAwillprotectcustomers,youneedtoverifyittoensureitwillworkasexpectedanddoesnotintroduceanewfailuremode.為了確定應(yīng)急措施可以保護消費者，需要驗證它以保證它按照期望的狀態(tài)進行，并且不會導(dǎo)致新的失效模式Y(jié)oucanverifyanERAonanon-productionproductsuchasaprototypeorcomputersimulation.你可以在非產(chǎn)品上面做ERA的驗證，比如采用模型或者計算機模擬的方式

SelectandVerifyanERATom45Implement&ValidateandERA實施&驗證以及ERAPre-customervalidationincludes:先于消費者的確認(rèn)包括：Tests測試Inspections檢查Observations觀察Qualitychecksonproductsandprocesses產(chǎn)品和過程中的質(zhì)量檢查Customervalidationincludes:消費者的確認(rèn)包括Warrantyanalysis(Paynter)返修事件的起因分析NVQSresultsNVQS結(jié)果Implement&ValidateandERAPr46G8DApplicationCriteria

G8D的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)sixcriteriaforinitiatingtheGlobal8Dprocess:開始進行全球8D需要滿足六個要求Symptomdefined該故障的定義Customershavebeenidentified顧客是經(jīng)過鑒別的Performancegapexists該故障存在改進的空間Causeisunknown

起因未知Managementiscommittedtofixingtheproblemattherootcauselevelandpreventingrecurrence管理層致力于從根本起因的層面去解決故障并采取預(yù)防措施防止故障再次發(fā)生Complexityofthesymptomexceedstheabilityofonepersontosolvetheproblem故障很復(fù)雜，不可能單憑一個人的能力完成

G8DApplicationCriteriasixc47ApplicationCriteriaInstructions對運用條件的說明

Readthescenarioandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.根據(jù)情況回答以下的故障

1.DoesthesituationdescribedmeettheApplicationCriteria?

該情況是否滿足應(yīng)用8D的條件？

2.Whyorwhynot?

為什么？

ApplicationCriteriaInstructi48Answer答案"ThissituationwarrantsaG8Dproblem-solvingteam.“

對這種情況可以應(yīng)用G8D的解決方法

Answer"Thissituationwarrants49D0AssessingQuestions/ChecklistD0評估故障/故障清單EmergencyResponseAction(ERA)緊急應(yīng)變行動 Toensureconsistencyinapplicationoftheprocess,thelistofquestionsinyourhandbookhasbeendevelopedtoassisttheteaminachievingtheobjectivesofthisdiscipline為確保整個過程的連貫性，需要建立一個故障清單幫助團隊達到本次訓(xùn)練的目標(biāo)D0AssessingQuestions/Checkli50D0Global8DSoftware

D0全球8D軟件Global8DSoftwareatD0

/全球8D的D0階段Additionalstructuretotheproblem-solvingprocessbyaskingforkeyinformationateachstep在故障處理過程中另外還需要了解每一步中的關(guān)鍵信息Acommunicationstoolforteamsnotlocatedtogethergeographically團隊的通訊工具不要放在同一個地方A“l(fā)essonslearned”database一個可供學(xué)習(xí)的數(shù)據(jù)庫Accesstosupplierinformation,partinformation,CQIScodes,suppliercodes,vehiclecodes,etc有權(quán)使用供應(yīng)商信息、零件信息、CQIS代碼、供應(yīng)商代碼、汽車代碼等D0Global8DSoftwareGlobal851D0Global8DSoftware全球8D的D0階段D0Global8DSoftware52D0

Quiz

D0測驗D0Quiz

D0測驗53D0Summary:D0概述PrepareforGlobal8D/全球8D的準(zhǔn)備Inthissectionwehavelookedathowto:在這一階段我們將關(guān)注：UsetheG8DApplicationCriteriatodeterminewhetherornottousetheG8Dprocesstosolveaproblem如何依據(jù)適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)決定是否需要使用全球8D程序來解決故障Choose,verify,implement,andvalidateanERA如何選擇、驗證、實施并validate緊急應(yīng)對措施UseassessingquestionsateachstepintheG8DprocessasaconfirmationthatyouarereadytomoveontothenextstepintheprocessExplainthekeyfunctionsoftheG8Dsoftware說明全球8D的關(guān)鍵functionsD0Summary:D0概述Inthissectio54D1D155D1–“EstablishtheTeam”

D1-成立工作團隊

ThefocusofD1istoestablishtheteamnecessarytosolvetheproblemandimplementcorrectiveactionsandtobegintheteambuildingprocessD1首先要建立工作團隊，由團隊去解決故障、實施反應(yīng)措施，并開始團隊建立的流程D1–“EstablishtheTeam”

D1-成56D1SectionObjectives

D1階段目標(biāo)Describetheguidelinesfordeterminingteammembership選擇團隊成員的準(zhǔn)則Describeteamroles,rolefunctions,andhowtheyareimplemented團隊角色、角色構(gòu)成、以及角色之間如何配合行動Explainthethreeelementsofteamoperatingprocedures解釋團隊運作程序的三個要素Describecharacteristicsofteamsynergy描述團隊synergy的特征D1SectionObjectives

D1階段目標(biāo)57EstablishtheTeam

組建團隊

WhyEstablishaTeam?

為什么組建團隊？

D1:EstablishtheTeamiswheretheG8Dprocessreallybegins.建立一個團隊是全球8D程序真正的開始 ThepurposeofD1istoassembleateamofpeoplewiththecharacteristicsandmotivationneededtosolveaproblem.D1階段的目的是組建一個團隊，它的成員需要具有解決該故障的相關(guān)技能。EstablishtheTeam

組建團隊Why58TeamMembership

團隊成員Differencebetweengroupsandteams一群人和一個團隊的區(qū)別Agroupisanumberofindividualswhohaveacommongoal一群人是由一些帶著各自目標(biāo)的個體組成的Ateamisanumberofindividualsworkingtogetherasacohesiveunittowardacommongoal而一個團隊是由一群團結(jié)一致向著共同目標(biāo)努力的個體組成的TeamMembership

團隊成員Difference59GuidelinesforTeamMembership

團隊成員資格的指導(dǎo)方針Whendeterminingteammembership:

當(dāng)考慮吸納人員成為團隊成員時：Limitmembershiptobetweenfourand10members團隊成員的人數(shù)控制在4到10個之間Choosememberswiththerightskills,knowledge,resources,authority,etc.,tosolvetheproblemathand選擇具有相應(yīng)技能、知識、資源、權(quán)力等的人作為團隊成員，這樣更利于解決故障Choosetherightmixofqualifications各類成員之間合理搭配Changeteammembershipasneeded按需要調(diào)整團隊成員GuidelinesforTeamMembership60GuidelinesforTeamMembership

團隊成員資格的指導(dǎo)方針

Readthescenarioandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

根據(jù)情況回答下面的故障GuidelinesforTeamMembership61TeamRoles

團隊角色

Teammembersneedtoworkaseffectivelyaspossible.團隊的成員應(yīng)該盡可能以高效率的方式工作 TheG8Dprocessdependsupontheeffortsofallteammemberstoachievetheteam‘sobjectives.Todothis,eachteammemberperformsarole.全球8D的過程有賴于團隊所有成員的共同努力去達到團隊的目標(biāo)，因此每個成員都有他們自己扮演的角色TeamRoles

團隊角色

Teammembe62某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件63某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件64GuidelinesforImplementingTeamRoles

實現(xiàn)團隊角色的指導(dǎo)方針

Rolesarenotpeople.Rolesarefunctions角色不是特指某個人，而是一個組成部分Membersoftenholdrolesforthedurationofthemeetingorlonger成員通常在會議或更長的時間內(nèi)充當(dāng)某個固定的角色Changingrolesduringameetingcanbedisruptive會議中角色的互換會導(dǎo)致混亂Somerolescanbeshared一些角色是可以分享的WhentheLeaderoffersanopinion,heorsheautomaticallyleavestheroleofLeader當(dāng)團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人提出一項建議時，她或他就自動的偏離了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這個角色TheChampionisaroleintheG8Dprocessandisnotconsideredateammember。

Champion是全球8D的一個角色但不是團隊的成員GuidelinesforImplementingTe65TeamOperatingProcedures

團隊運作程序Threeelementsofteamoperatingprocedures:團隊運作程序的三個要素：EstablishGroundRulesforTeamwork

建立基本的角色ConductTask,Maintenance,andProcessObservation設(shè)置分配任務(wù)、項目保持人員以及過程觀察員UseCommunicationSkills運用通訊技能

TeamOperatingProcedures

團隊運66某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件67TeamOperatingProcedures

團隊運作流程Instructions:

介紹Readthescenariothenanswerthequestionsthatfollow讀圖表并回答下面的故障

TeamOperatingProcedures

團隊運68某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件69TeamSynergy

團隊協(xié)作

OneofthemainreasonsforformingateamatstepD1istogainsynergy在D1階段成立團隊的主要原因之一在于開展團隊協(xié)作

Synergyoccurswhenthewholeofateam’soutputisgreaterthanthesumofitsinputs當(dāng)團隊的輸出大于其輸入時，意味著團隊協(xié)作發(fā)生作用了

Synergisticteamscanoutperformcompetitorswhomaybemoreskilledorhavebetterormoreresources一個相互協(xié)作的團隊可以遠(yuǎn)勝于一個技能更高或資源更多更好的競爭對手TeamSynergy

團隊協(xié)作

Oneofthe70某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件71D1AssessingQuestions/Checklist評估問題/清單

Toensureconsistencyinapplicationoftheprocess,thelistofquestionsinyourhandbookhasbeendevelopedtoassisttheteaminachievingtheobjectivesofthisdiscipline為確保整個過程的連貫性，需要建立一個問題清單幫助團隊達到本次訓(xùn)練的目標(biāo)D1AssessingQuestions/Checkli72某汽車8D培訓(xùn)教材課件73Global8DSoftwareatD1

全球8D的D1階段

TheD1Teamscreenhastwomainfunctions:D1的團隊screen主要有兩個作用：TorecordwhoisorhasparticipatedontheGlobal8Dteam記錄有哪些人參加了或曾經(jīng)參加全球8D團隊TocontrolaccesstoG8Ddocuments對可訪問G8D檔案的權(quán)限進行控制Global8DSoftwareatD1

全球8D74D1

Quiz

D1測驗D1Quiz

D1測驗75D1Summary/D1總結(jié)Inthissectionwehavecoveredhowto:本章節(jié)我們介紹了如何：Describetheguidelinesfordeterminingteammembership描述確定團隊角色關(guān)系的原則Describeteamroles,rolefunctions,andhowtheyareimplemented描述團隊角色、角色構(gòu)成、以及它們之間如何合作Explainthethreeelementsofteamoperatingprocedures解釋團隊運作流程的三個要素Describecharacteristicsofteamsynergy描述團隊協(xié)作的特征D1Summary/D1總結(jié)Inthissect76D2D277D2–“DescribetheProblem”

D2-描述問題D2drivestherestoftheG8Dprocess,becauseestablishingaclearproblemstatement

andanobjectiveproblemdescriptionduringD2leadstoeffectiveproblemsolving.

D2驅(qū)動G8D的其他步驟，因為在D2中需要把問題陳述清楚并擬定清晰的目標(biāo)，這樣才能使團隊能夠迅速有效的解決問題。D2helpsteamsfocusontherealproblemandavoidjumpingtoconclusions

ormakingunsubstantiated

assumptionsabouttheproblem.D2幫助團隊關(guān)注問題本身，避免憑主觀的假設(shè)判斷問題，或者對問題作出毫無現(xiàn)實根據(jù)的判斷。D2–“DescribetheProblem”

D278D2SectionObjectives

D2階段目標(biāo)Explaintheprocessfordescribingaproblem解釋描述問題的過程Identifyprocessflow掌握流程圖Developaproblemstatements進行問題陳述Developaproblemdescription

進行問題描述D2SectionObjectives

D2階段目標(biāo)Ex79WhyDescribetheProblem?

為什么要對問題進行描述

Tobeaneffectiveproblemsolver,youneedtoknowasmuchaspossibleabouttheproblembeforeyoupickasolution.作為一個有效率的問題解決者，在開始著手解決問題之前你應(yīng)該知道盡可能多的關(guān)于該問題的信息WhyDescribetheProblem?

為什么80Actsasadatabasefordescribingtheproblem在描述問題這一步驟中它充當(dāng)了資料庫的角色DrivestherestoftheG8Dprocess驅(qū)動全球8D的其他階段D2helpsyouavoidinefficiencybyfocusingontheproblemathand.D2:D2幫助你關(guān)注問題本身從而避免無效率的行為Helpsyoudefinetheproblemasaccuratelyaspossible它有助于盡可能準(zhǔn)確的定義問題WhyDescribetheProblem?

為什么要對問題進行描述Actsasadatabasefordescrib81Practice練習(xí)Instructions:Readthecasestudyandthendeterminewhatyouthinktheproblemis.說明：閱讀這一例子，然后確定你認(rèn)為問題出在哪兒Practice練習(xí)Instructions:Readt82Observationsvs.Conclusions

觀察報告VS結(jié)論

Whenyoudescribeaproblem,areyoumakinganobservationorreachingaconclusion?There’sabigdifferencebetweenthetwo.當(dāng)你描述一個問題時，你是否做了觀察報告或是得到一個結(jié)論？這兩者是有很大的區(qū)別的。Observationsvs.Conclusions

觀83Observationsvs.Conclusions

觀察報告VS結(jié)論

Sowhat’sthedifferencebetweenanobservationandaconclusion?

觀察報告和結(jié)論的區(qū)別是什么呢？

Theflowfromobservationtoconclusionislikeaone-waystreet—itseemsimpossibletobackup.Onceaconclusionisreached,itisextremelydifficultformostpeopletoreexaminethefacts.

從觀察報告到產(chǎn)生的結(jié)論就像一條單行道—是沒有可能倒退的。對于大多數(shù)人來說，一旦產(chǎn)生了結(jié)論，就很難再重新審視事實。Observationsvs.Conclusions

84Observationsvs.Conclusions

觀察報告VS結(jié)論Observations觀察報告Consistofobservable,quantifiableinformation

由可視的及可估量的信息組成Haveahighincidenceofaccuracy

精確性影響范圍較大Tendnottobedisputedsincetheyareusuallyjustalistoffacts

因為通常是例舉事實，所以無須爭議Usuallydescribewhat,who,when,whereandhowbig

通常需要描述什么問題、誰、時間、地點和問題的大小Detailtheeffect