如何做好高中英語閱讀理解

如何做好高中英語閱讀理解如何做好高中英語閱讀理解如何做好高中英語閱讀理解如何做好高中英語閱讀理解編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:如何做好高中閱讀理解閱讀最基本的要素——詞匯詞匯是一點點積累起來的，從現(xiàn)在開始一直到高考，每天按照自己的情況去定量背單詞，也可以每天保持一小段時間的泛讀，是活躍英文思維、積累詞匯的最好方式之一，這個時間可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。不要去執(zhí)著于讀了多久或讀懂多少，只要明確一點，即讀了就比沒讀好。閱讀最重要的原則——順序“順序”原則，即出題的順序和行文順序基本一致。閱讀理解的題型無外乎三四大題型：細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題，但不論哪種題型出題的順序一般都遵循“順序”原則。細節(jié)理解題直接細節(jié)題：此類題是對原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答題。間接細節(jié)題：此類題往往不能直接找到答案，需要對信息進行加工處理，簡單歸納、概括才能答題。是非判斷題：此類題型有兩種形式：三對一錯或三錯一對。一般情況下此類題中出現(xiàn)all,never,only等完全肯或完全否定的詞時，及排除。排列順序題：此類題一般在選項中列舉一些具體的事實，然后讓考生進行排序，做這類型題根據(jù)事情的發(fā)生的先后順序或時間順序以及句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。圖文匹配題：這類型的題比較簡單，因為它增加了試題的直觀性，此類題分兩種：一是依文選圖；二是依圖選文。數(shù)字計算題：此類題會涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等計算。做這類型題，把文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字全都做上標記，找出相關(guān)計算方式計算即可得出答案。（2）推理判斷題（要求精讀文章）1）細節(jié)推斷題：通過文章的字面意思領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含義。這類題得精讀文章，理解文章真正含義。態(tài)度傾向題：這類題得通過理解文章基礎(chǔ)上判斷。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題：這類題型要求考生必須對文章結(jié)構(gòu)、作者的寫作思路掌握。寫作方法題：要求必須知道一些寫作方法的英文寫法。比如舉例子、下定義、對比等。主旨大意題1）段落大意題和文章大意題：概括、歸納文章大意。此類題學生要學會一“找”；二“概括”找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的信息進行歸納概括。2）寫作意圖題：在理解文章大意基礎(chǔ)上判斷作者寫作意圖。主要還是理解文章主旨大意。3）標題歸納題：選標題切記不能太大，即與主旨大意里的遠，顯得空洞。；不能太小，即標題只含有文章部分內(nèi)容，不全面。（4）詞義猜測題1）代詞猜測：此類題在詞義猜測題中是屬于簡單題型，只要結(jié)合上下文理解代詞所指代的對象是誰即可。熟詞語境義：此類型題詞語均是大綱詞匯，只是要結(jié)合上下文理解在語境中的意思。超綱生詞：此類題是詞義猜測題中較難的，需要考生對文章理解的基礎(chǔ)上猜測生詞的意義，要求考生詞匯量要豐富。通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。讀理解的解題核心——定位“定位”即每一道題我們在原文中都能找到它出現(xiàn)的位置。但怎么準確的定位是我們學習的關(guān)鍵。（1）先讀問題，了解問了“什么”。（2）讀問題，找出問題關(guān)鍵詞。（3）文中定位。（4）根據(jù)定位句解題，如果定位句不夠全面，就結(jié)合段落中心句，定位句的上句加下句，組成解題“黃金三角區(qū)”進行解題?？偨Y(jié)：正確選項一定要“定位”到原文，有“對應(yīng)”，有“改寫”；而錯誤選項則是“定位”錯誤、“無中生有”、“拼湊細節(jié)”、“偷換概念”、“擴大范圍”和“憑借常識”。1、掌握高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧；2、熟悉細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、猜測詞義、觀點態(tài)度、主旨大意等閱讀理解的基本題型。(1)Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone,andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.Someinthecitycan’twaittotrythemonandusethemapsandGPSthatthefuturisticeyewearislikelytoinclude.“I’duseitifIwerehangingoutwithfriendsat3a.m.andgoingtothebarandwantedtoseewhatwasopen,”saidWalterChoo,40,ofFortGreene.Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutthisyearandcostbetween$250and$600,theTimessaid,possiblyincludingavariationofaugmented(增強的)reality,atechnologyalreadyavailableonsmartphonesandtablets(平板電腦)thatoverlaysinformationontothescreenaboutone’ssurroundings.So,forexample,ifyouwerewalkingdownastreet,indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoviewrightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.“Asfarasamainstreamconsumerproduct,thisjustisn’tsomethinganybodyneeds,”saidSamBiddle,whowritesforG.“We’reaccustomedtohavingonethinginourpockettodoallthesethings,”headded,“andtheaverageconsumerisn’tgonnabeabletoaffordanotherdevice(裝置)that’shundredsandhundredsofdollars.”9to5GooglepublisherSethWeintraub,whohasbeenreportingonthesmartphone-likeglassessincelatelastyear,saidheisconfidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeascommonassmartphones.“It’sjustlikesmartphones10yearsago,”Weintraubsaid.“Afewpeoplestartedgettingemailsontheirphones,andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadstolookattheirsmartphones,andit’sunnatural,”hesaid.“There’sgonnabeimprovementstothat,andthisastepthere.”【文章大意】作者介紹了一種迷你手機型的眼鏡的用途,以及不同的人對它的不同看法。1.Oneofthepossiblefunctionsofthesmartphone-likeglassesisto.A.programtheopeninghoursofabarB.supplyyouwithapictureofthefutureC.provideinformationaboutyoursurroundingsD.updatethemapsandGPSinyoursmartphones【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“...informationontothescreenaboutone’ssurroundings.”可知,這種迷你手機型的眼鏡有地圖和GPS裝置,可以在屏幕上顯示你周圍環(huán)境的信息,故答案選C。A、D表述錯誤;B項沒有提到。2.Theunderlinedphrase“popup”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.developrapidlyB.getroundquicklyC.appearimmediatelyD.gooverautomatically【解析】選C。根據(jù)上句可知,這種眼鏡的屏幕上會顯示你周圍環(huán)境的信息,因此當你逛街的時候,指示器會立刻為你指明最近的咖啡館并繪制方向路線。3.AccordingtoSamBiddle,thesmartphone-likeglassesare.A.necessaryforteenagersB.attractivetoNewYorkersC.availabletopeopleworldwideD.expensiveforaverageconsumers【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)SamBiddle的話“...beabletoaffordanotherdevicethat’shundredsandhundredsofdollars.”可知,他認為這種眼鏡對于普通消費者來說是昂貴的,故答案選D。4.Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatthesmartphone-likeglasses.A.mayhaveapotentialmarketB.areascommonassmartphonesC.arepopularamongyoungadultsD.willbeimprovedbyanewtechnology【解析】選A。段落大意題。最后兩段是用Weintraub的觀點來說明這種手機將會有很大的市場。B、C項還沒有實現(xiàn);D項沒有提及。(2)Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(傘篷)builtintoastreetlamp.”hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(傳感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensor,there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安裝)at2metresofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技說明文,主要介紹了設(shè)計師Belyaev的一項創(chuàng)造Lampbrella及它的工作原理、安全性、應(yīng)用前景等方面的知識。1.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella?A.Topredictaheavyrain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句...Belyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecast....That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella.可知他創(chuàng)造Lampbrella的目的是為了防止人們被雨淋,所以選C。2.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev’swordsinParagraph2?A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知他的這種想法是在看到俄羅斯圣彼得堡一個中心街道上人們被雨淋時產(chǎn)生的。所以選A。3.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段,這種Lampbrella是一個被配備了傘篷(canopy)的路燈桿,它有一個內(nèi)置的電動機(electricmotor)和幾個傳感器(sensors),可以在下雨時給行人提供保護。首先是傳感器感知有雨,然后通過電動機給傘篷提供動力。所以選B。4.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?A.Itsmovingspeed. B.Itsappearance.C.Itsinstallation. D.Itssafety.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段中的...theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,...itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.及Beinginstalledat2metresofftheground...可知,本段主要在強調(diào)Lampbrella的安全性,所以選D。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“insistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwhere...”可知,他認為自己的產(chǎn)品是很實用的。而A、D兩項沒提,B項錯在immediate,所以選C。AFearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting(收縮)andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearfulevent,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid:“Ourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatthewayinwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart.”Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.DrGarfinkelsaid,“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedon’tsee—andguidewhetherweseefear.”Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner(掃描儀)toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson’sfeelingoffear.“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,”DrGarfinkelsaid.“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.”1.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A.One’sheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.B.Fearisaresultofone’srelaxedheartbeat.C.Fearhassomethingtodowithone’shealth.D.One’sfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.2.Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing.A.volunteers’heartbeatswhentheysawterriblepicturesB.thetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditionsC.volunteers’reactionstohorriblepicturesanddatafromtheirbrainscansD.differentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheart-braincommunication3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6?A.Order.B.System.C.Machine. D.Treatment.4.Thisstudymaycontributeto.A.treatinganxietyandstressbetterB.explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyC.findingthekeytotheheart-braincommunicationD.understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheadsKeys:1----4.ACBABNotallbodiesofwateraresoevidentlyaliveastheAtlanticOcean,anS-shapedbodyofwatercovering33millionsquaremiles.TheAtlantichas,inasense,replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.Unlikerealinlandseas,whichseemstrangelystill,theAtlanticisrichinoceanicliveliness.Itisperhapsnotsurprisingthatitsvitalityhasbeenmuchwrittenaboutbyancientpoets.“StormatSea”,ashortpoemwrittenaround700,isgenerallyregardedasoneofmankind’searliestartisticrepresentationsoftheAtlantic.WhenthewindisfromthewestAllthewavesthatcannotrestTotheeastmustthunderonWherethebrighttreeofthesunIsrootedintheocean’sbreast.Asthepoemsuggests,theAtlanticisneverdeadanddull.Itisanoceanthatmoves,impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling,crashing,andwhistling.ItiseasytoimaginetheAtlantictryingtodrawbreath—perhapsnotsonoticeablyoutinmid-ocean,butwhereitmeetsland,itswatersbathingupanddownasandybeach.Itmimics(模仿)nearlyperfectlythesteadybreathingofalivingcreature.Itisfilledwithsymbioticexistences,too;unimaginablequantitiesofcreatures,littleandlargealike,mixwithinitsdepthsinakindofoceanicharmony,givingtothewatersafeelingofheartbeat,akindofsub-oceanvitality.Andithasapsychology.Ithaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasionsroughandwild;alwaysitisstrongandstriking.1.Unlikerealinlandseas,theAtlanticOceanis.A.alwaysenergeticB.lackinginlivelinessC.shapedlikeasquareD.favoredbyancientpoets2.Whatisthepurposeofusingthepoem“StormatSea”inthepassage?A.Todescribethemovementofthewaves.B.Toshowthestrengthofthestorm.C.Torepresentthepoweroftheocean.D.Toprovethevastnessofthesea.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“symbiotic”mean?A.Livingtogether.B.Growingfast.C.Movingharmoniously. D.Breathingpeacefully.4.Inthelastparagraph,theAtlanticiscomparedto.A.abeautifulandpoeticplaceB.afleshandbloodpersonC.awonderfulworldD.alovelyanimalKeys:1----4.ACAB(1)AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.Surveyrespondents(受訪者)wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults(age18to39)routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle-agedadults(age40to64)moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio(比率)ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade,”wroteFriederR.Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg.Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions(預(yù)防措施),”theauthorswrote.Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic,”theauthorsconcluded.1.Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?A.Optimisticadults.B.Middle-agedadults.C.Adultsinpoorhealth.D.Adultsoflowerincome.2.Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople.A.tofullyenjoytheirpresentlifeB.toestimatetheircontributionaccuratelyC.totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisksD.tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth3.Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?A.Theywillearnlessmoney.B.Theywillbecomepessimistic.C.Theywillsuffermentalillness.D.Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.4.Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?A.Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.B.Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.C.Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.D.Expectationsoffuturelifesatisfactiondeclinewithage.Keys:1----4.BCAD(2)Wheninternationalaidisgiven,stepsmustbetakentoensure(確保)thattheaidreachesthepeopleforwhomitisintended.Thewaytoachievethismaynotbesimple.Itisverydifficultforanationtogivehelpdirectlytopeopleinanothernation.TheUnitedNationsOrganization(UNO)couldundertaketodirectthedistributionofaid.Herehoweverrisestheproblemofcosts.Alsotiedwiththisistime.PerhapstheUNOcouldsetupabodyofdevotedmenandwomenineverycountrywhocanspeedilydistributeaidtovictimsoffloodsandearthquakes.Morethanthehelpthatonenationcangivetoanotherduringadisaster,itwouldbemoreeffectivetogiveotherformsofhelpduringnormaltimes.Acommonproverbsays,“GivemeafishandIeatforaday,teachmetofishandIeatforalifetime.”Ifwefollowthiswisesaying,itwouldberighttoteachpeoplefromlessdevelopednationstotakecareofthemselves.Forexample,acountrycouldshareitstechnologywithanother.Thiscouldbeinsimpleareaslikeagricultureorinmorecomplexareaslikemedicalandhealthcareoreveninbuildingsatellites.Evenasmallcountryisabletohelplessdevelopednations.Sometimewhatistakenforgranted,likethesettingupofawaterpurificationplantortheadministrationofaschool,couldbeusefulforcountrieswhicharelookingabouttosolvecommonproblems.Itdoesnotcostmuchtosharesuchsimplethings.Exchangestudentscouldbeattachedforanumberofmonthsoryearsandlearntherequiredcraftwhileonthesite.Theycanthentaketheirknowledgebacktotheirhomelandsandifnecessarycomebackfromtimetotimetocleardoubtsortoupdatethemselves.Suchaidwillbetrulyhelpfulandthereisnochanceofitbeingtemporaryorofitfallingintothewronghands.Manycountriesrunextensivecoursesinallsortsofskills.Itwillnotcostmuchtoincludedeservingforeignersinthesecourses.Besidesgivingeffectivehelptothecountriesconcerned,thereisalsothebuild-upoffriendshipstoconsider.Givingdirecthelpbygivingmaterialsmaybeeffectiveintheshortrunandmustcontinuetobegivenintheeventofemergencies.However,inthelongrunwhatisreallyeffectivewouldbethesharingofknowledge.1.Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldinternationalaidreachthevictimsintime?A.Bysolvingthecostproblems.B.Bysolvingthetransportationproblems.C.Bysettingupabodyofdevotedpeopleineverycountry.D.ByrelyingonthedirectdistributionoftheUNO.2.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressintheunderlinedsentence?A.Providingfoodisvital.B.Learningtofishishelpful.C.Teachingskillsisessential.D.Lookingafterothersisimportant.3.Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedmainly.A.byexample B.byprocessC.bycomparison D.bycontrast4.Whichaidislikelytofallintothewronghands?A.Amedicalteam. B.Anexchangeprogram.C.Awaterplant. D.Financialsupport.5.Whatcanweinferaboutinternationalaidfromthepassage?A.Itisfacingdifficulties.B.Itisunnecessaryduringnormaltimes.C.Itshouldbegivenintheformofmaterials.D.Ithasgainedsupportfromdevelopedcountries.Keys:1----5.CCADA(1)Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(氣泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(減壓)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(標本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDr.Rothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食動物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,heywereprey(獵物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.1.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.Adropinbloodpressure.2.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones3.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.