上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語一模-(含答案)

上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語一模-(含答案)上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語一模-(含答案)上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語一模-(含答案)資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語一模-(含答案)版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：崇明區(qū)2019屆第一次高考模擬考試試卷英語（考試時間120分鐘，滿分140分。請將答案填寫在答題紙上）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inacharityshop. B.Inalaundry. C.Inadormitory. D.Inaclothingstore.2.A.$114. B.$86. C.$14. D.$43.3.A.Alibrarian. B.Asecretary. C.Areporter. D.Anaccountant.4.A.Purchasesomeingredients. B.Givethemaninstructionsforthesoup.C.Checktoseeifthesoupisready. D.Writedownthedirectionstothesupermarket.5.A.Chocolateishisfavouriteflavour. B.There’snomorechocolatepuddingleft.C.Hedoesn’twantanychocolatepudding. D.He’salreadytastedthechocolatepudding.6.A. Shehasn’tcalledthetravelagencyyet. B.Shedoesn’tknowwhenhersemesterends.C.Themanmayhavetoreschedulehistrip. D.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.7.A.Getaticketfromhissister. B.Helphissisteroutofherconflict.C.Gototheconcertwithhissister. D.Getascheduleoffutureperformances.8.A.Meethisadvisor. B.Trackhisadviser.C.Adjusthiscourseschedule. D.Followhiscoursescheduleasadvised.9.A.Hehasalreadypaidhislandlordfornextyear’srent.B.He’sdecidedhowhe’sgoingtospendtheprizemoney.C.Hedoesn’tknowhowmuchhisrentisgoingtoincrease.D.He’salreadyplanningtoenterfornextyear’sessaycontest.10.A.Themancanuseherelectronicdictionary.B.Themanshouldbuyanewpaperdictionary.C.Shecanshowthemanhowtousethedictionary.D.Shewillworkmoreefficientlywithhisdictionary.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Nappingmayhelppreventseniors’memoryloss.B.Sleepisgoodforusbothmentallyandphysically.C.ManyAmericansdonotwanttoadmittheytakeanap.D.Takingnapsisverycommoninotherpartsoftheworld.12.A.Theyareafraidofbecominglazy. B.Theydon’tthinknappingiscommon.C.Theyaretooenergetictoneedanap. D.Theydon’twanttobeconsideredweak.13.A.Nappingisnotaseffectiveforpeoplewithsleepdisorders.B.NappingcafeshavebeenquitecommoninAmericancities.C.Restinginthemiddleoftheworkdaymaycostalotofmoney.D.ManyAmericansarechangingtheirofficesintonappingrooms.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Arecentsurveyonunfriendlyneighbours.B.Agrowthincomplaintsaboutneighbours.C.Theincreasingnoisesmadebyneighbours.D.Differentviewsonrelationsbetweenneighbours.15.A.Selfishattitudes. B.Highimmigration.C.Morecrowdedspace. D.Unwillingnesstosocialize.16.A.Weoughttounderstandtheinstancesbetter.B.Explanationsfortheinstanceshaveincreased.C.It’seasiertomakecomplaintsonTVchannels.D.Theproblemcanbeviewedfromanotherangle.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Theplacetobuysoap. B.Theplanstosurviveonthecampus.C.Thewaytousedryingmachines. D.Thestepstowashclotheswithmachines.18.A.Itcanpromotebacteriagrowth. B.Itcanproducedirtintheclothes.C.Itcanbeawasteofwaterandsoap. D.Itcanleavebubblesinthemachine.19.A.Excited. B.Shocked. C.Disappointed. D.Embarrassed.20.A.Thewoman’smotherseldomdoesthingsforher.B.Americankidsbecomeindependentevenbeforeten.C.Themanandthewomanarefromdifferentcountries.D.Intheeyeoftheman’smother,independenceisimportant.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ElectricBikeBaninNewYorkHurtsFoodDeliveryWorkersAbanonelectricbicyclesinNewYorkCityishurtingdeliveryworkerswhodependonthemtoearnaliving.Manyoftheworkersareimmigrants.Electricbicycles,or“e-bikes,”looklikeregularbicycles,buttheyhaveelectric-poweredmotorstoassistridersinmovingthebikeforward.Moste-bikesreachspeedsofabout32kilometersanhour,butsomecangomuch(21)_____(fast).(22)_____itislegaltoowne-bikesinNewYorkCity,itisnotlegaltooperatethem.Officialsthereconsiderthedangeroususeofe-bikesonstreetsandsidewalksasthereason(23)_____theban.Lastyear,thecityannouncedseveremeasures(24)_____(mean)toholde-bikeridersandrestaurantsthatemploytheridersresponsible.E-bikeoperatorscannowbefined$500forbreakingtheban.Thepolice(25)_____alsoseizethebikes.ManyofNewYork’sdeliveryworkersareChineseimmigrantsintheir50sand60s.Theirjobrequiresthemtoworkquicklyandforlonghours(26)_____(earn)enoughmoneytoliveon.DeliveryworkerDeqingLiansaiditisimportanttoperformqualitywork(27)_____theirjobalsodependsontips.Headdedthatwhendeliveryworkersaretooslow,somepeoplerefusetopayforthefood,whichmakestheworkers’supervisorsangry.LiqiangLiuisane-bikedeliveryworkerandspokespersonfortheNewYorkDeliveryWorkersUnion.Hesays(28)_____(catch)breakingthebanandhavingthebikeseizedwouldcausecostlydelaysforworkers.DoLeeiswiththeBikingPublicProject,(29)_____providesassistancetobicycle-relatedworkersinNewYorkCity.Hesaysthecity’sbanone-bikesisunfairlytargetinglow-paidworkerswholargelycomefromthecity’sLatinoandAsiancommunities.Hedoesnotaccepttheargument(30)_____e-bikespresentadangertocitizens.However,manyNewYorkersarequicktoblamee-bikeridersfornotbeingsafe.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.overateB.preciousC.rateD.researchersE.impressionF.previousG.presentedH.interpretI.goersJ.revealedK.consumerPeopleThinkMealsTasteBetterIfTheyAreExpensiveItissaidthatthere’snosuchthingasafreelunch,butevenifyoumanagetobagabargainmeal,itwillnottasteasgoodasamoreexpensivemeal,accordingtoscientists.Anewstudyhasfoundthatrestaurant31whopaymorefortheirmealsthinkthefoodistastierthanifitisofferedforasmallerprice.Theexpertsthinkthatpeopletendtoassociatecostwithqualityandthischangestheir32ofhowfoodtastes.ScientistsatCornellUniversityinNewYorkstudiedtheeatinghabitsof139peopleenjoyinganItalianbuffet(自助餐)inarestaurant.Thepriceofthefoodwassetbythe33ateither$4or$8fortheall-you-can-eatmeal.Customerswereaskedto34howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheirnames.Theexperiment35thatthepeoplewhopaid$8forthefoodenjoyedtheirmeal11percentmorethanthosewhoatethe“cheaper”buffet.Interestinglythosethatpaidforthe$4buffetsaidtheyfeltguiltieraboutloadinguptheirplatesandfeltthatthey36.However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingtothestudy37attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.BrianWansink,aprofessorof38behaviourattheuniversity,said:“Wewerefascinatedtofindthatpricinghaslittleimpactonhowmuchoneeats,butahugeimpactonhowyou39theexperience.”Hethinksthatpeopleenjoyedtheirfoodmoreastheyassociatedcostwithqualityandthatsmallchangestoarestaurantcanchangehowtastypeoplefindtheirmeals.Ina(n)40study,scientistsfromtheuniversityshowedthatpeoplewhoeatindimlightingconsume175lesscalories(卡路里)thanpeoplewhoeatinbrightlylitareas.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HowClimateChangeAffectsAirlineFlightsHotweatherhasforced

dozensofcommercialflightstobecanceled

atairportsintheSouthwestthissummer.Thisflight-disturbing41isawarningsign.Climatechangeisprojectedtohavefar-reaching42—includingsealevelrisefloodingcities

andshiftingweatherpatternscausinglong-termdeclinesinagriculturalproduction.Andthereisevidencethatitisbeginningtoaffectthetakeoffperformanceofcommercialaircraft,withpotentialeffectsonairline43.Nationalandglobaltransportationsystemsandtheeconomicactivitytheysupporthavebeen

designedfortheclimate

inwhichitalldeveloped.Intheaviation(航空)industry,airportsandaircraftaredesignedfortheweatherconditionsexperienced44.Becausetheclimateischanging,evenfundamentalelementslikeairportsandkeyeconomicpartslikeairtransportationmayneedtobe45.Asscientistsfocusedonthe

impactsofclimatechangeandextremeweather

onhumansocietyandnaturalecosystemsaroundtheworld,ourresearchhasquantifiedhowextremeheatassociatedwithour

warmingclimatemayaffect46

aroundtheworld.We’vefoundthatmajorairportsfromNewYorktoDubaitoBangkokwillseemorefrequenttakeoffweight47inthecomingdecadesduetoincreasinglycommonhottemperatures,whichcanhelpreducetheaircraftThereisobviousevidencethatextremeeventssuchasheatwavesandcoastalfloodingarehappeningwith

greaterfrequencyandintensity

thanjustafewdecadesago.Andifwe48toreducegreenhousegasemissionssignificantlyinthenextfewdecades,thefrequencyandintensityoftheseextremesisprojectedto

increasedramatically.The49onaviationmaybewidespread.Manyairportsarebuiltnearsealevel,puttingthem

atriskofmorefrequent50

asoceansrise.Thefrequencyandintensityofviolent

airmovementmayincrease

insomeregionsdueto

strengtheninghigh-altitude(高海拔的)winds.Strongerwindswouldforceairlinesandpilotsto

changeflightlengthsandroutings,potentiallyincreasingfuel51.Manydepartmentsoftheeconomy,includingtheaviationindustry,haveyettoseriously52theeffectsofclimatechange.Thesooner,thebetter:Bothairportconstructionandaircraftdesigntakedecades,andhave53effects.Today’snewestplanesmaywellbeflyingin40or50years,andtheir54arebeingdesignednow.Theearlierclimateimpactsareunderstoodandappreciated,themoreeffectiveandlesscostlyadaptationscanbe.Thoseadaptationsmayevenincludeinnovativewaystodramaticallyreduceclimate-alteringemissionsacrosstheaviationindustry,whichwouldhelpreducetheproblemwhilealso55it.41.A.scheme B.heat C.shift D.mess42.A.contributions B.confusions C.feedbacks D.consequences43.A.pilots B.reservations C.costs D.accidents44.A.historically B.enormously C.fundamentally D.domestically45.A.retested B.implemented C.prospected D.reengineered46.A.travels B.developments C.flights D.communications47.A.disorders B.gains C.bans D.restrictions48.A.happen B.fail C.aim D.promise49.A.taxes B.effects C.viewpoints D.comments50.A.flooding B.rotting C.repairing D.transferring51.A.standard B.efficiency C.distribution D.consumption52.A.consider B.avoid C.maximize D.demonstrate53.A.greater B.different C.lasting D.direct54.A.airports B.products C.contracts D.replacements55.A.sneezingat B.respondingto C.resultingin D.recoveringfromSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Fluiskillingus.Theusualresponsetotheannualfluisnotenoughtofightagainsttheriskswecurrentlyface,letaloneprepareusforanevendeadlierwidespreadfluthatmostexpertsagreewillcomeinthefuture.Yes,wehaveanannualvaccine(疫苗),andeveryonequalifiedshouldgetitwithoutquestion.Thereality,however,isthatlessthanhalfAmericansgetthefluvaccines.Andthefluvaccineswehaveareonly60%effectiveinthebestyearsand10%effectiveintheworstyears.Weurgentlyneedamuchmoreeffectivefluvaccine.IntheU.S.alone,seasonalflucancauseupto36millioninfections,three-quartersofamillionhospitalizationsand56,000deaths.Wearenotinvestingtheresourcesneededtoprotectourselves,ourlovedonesandourcommunities.WhynotWehaven’tbeenhitbyatrulydestructivewidespreaddiseaseinalongtime.Soasindividuals,weletdownourguardasourleadersquietlydefundanddestafftheservicesweneedtoprotectus.Theriskofcontinuedfootdraggingishuge.Inaseverewidespreaddisease,theU.S.healthcaresystemcouldbedefeatedinjustweeks.Millionsofpeoplewouldbeinfectedbythevirus,andwoulddieintheweeksandmonthsfollowingtheinitialoutbreak.Thecostofpreventingepidemics(流行病)isroughlyatenthofwhatitcoststocopewiththemwhentheyhit.In2012,acallwasissuedforanannualbillion-dollarU.S.commitmenttothedevelopmentofauniversalfluvaccine.Sixyearslater,thesearchforauniversalvaccineremainsseriouslyunderfunded.Thesimplereasonliesinourcollectivesatisfaction.Assoonasheadlinesaboutthefluaregone,hospitalsareemptiedofflupatients,andschoolandworkplaceabsenceratesdecline,wegobacktobusinessasusual.Leadingscientistsandpublichealthofficialshavethecapabilitytokeepusmuchsaferfromflu.Theyneedyourquickanddecisivesupporttosucceed.Youractiontodaymaybeamatteroflifeanddeathforyouandyourlovedones.56.Theproblemofthecurrentfluvaccinesisthat_____.A.theyarenotavailableeveryyear B.mostAmericansarenotallowedtogetthemC.noteveryoneisqualifiedforthem D.manypeoplestillcatchfluaftergettingthem57.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“continuedfootdragging”inParagraph4?

A.Hospitalscannotmeettheneedsofpatientsduringfluoutbreaks.B.Theleaderscontinuetodragthefeetofthepatientsinfectedwithflu.C.Individualsaren’talertenoughtotheunderinvestmentinfluprevention.D.Fluwillcertainlybecomeaseverewidespreaddiseaseinthenearfuture.58.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Scienceiscurrentlynotsodevelopedastokeepussaferfromflu.B.Thedeathratefromfluismuchhigherthanthatfromotherdiseases.C.Thegeneralpublicispartiallytoblamefortheneglectoffluprevention.D.Developingauniversalfluvaccinewillcostmorethandealingwithflu.59.Theauthorwrotethepassagemainlyto_____.A.teachpeoplemoreeffectivewaystofightagainstfluB.callonpeopletotakefluoutbreaksfarmoreseriouslyC.encouragemedicalscientiststodevelopmorefluvaccinesD.urgethegovernmenttopublicizetherisksofwidespreadflu（B）HowtogetyourtaxrefundAtthestoreGetaGlobalBlueTaxFreeForm.IfyoudonothaveaSHOPTAXFREECard,see“HowtofillinyourTaxFreeForms”.MakesureyourTaxFreeFormisfilledinbeforearrivingatthepointofdeparture.Remembernorefundwithout:CompletedFormReceiptsattachedCustomsvalidation(驗證)AtthepointofdepartureFornon-EUresidentsonlyGoodscarriedinchecked-inluggage:1.Checkyourluggageinatthecheck-incounter;tellthecheck-inclerkyouneeditbackforCustomspurposes.2.TakethelabelledluggagetoCustoms,showthegoods,andhaveyourTaxFreeFormsstamped.3.CashinyourstampedFormattheappropriaterefundserviceprovider.Goodscarriedinhandluggage:1.GotoCustomsafterpassportcontrol,showthegoods,andhaveyourTaxFreeFormsstamped.Pleasenote:CustomsclearanceofgoodsinhandluggagecanonlytakeplaceatthelastEUairportbeforeyoufinallyleavetheEU.2.CashinyourstampedFormattheappropriatebankcounterorpostittotheappropriaterefundserviceprovider.Allowtimefortherefundprocess.GotoCustomsbeforeoraftercheck-in,seeRefundOfficelist.PresentyourcompletedTaxFreeForms,receipts,passport,andpurchaseditemstogetastamp.GotoaRefundOfficedisplayingtheGlobalBluelogo(標(biāo)識).Receiveyourrefundpaidtoyourcreditcardwithinfivedaysorincash.InarushMailyourstampedandcompletedTaxFreeFormsandreceiptsbacktousintheenvelopeprovidedandgetyourrefundpaidtoyourcreditcardwithinthreeweeks.*EU:EuropeanUnion60.Whomistheaboveinformationintendedfor?

A.EUresidentswhowanttogettheirtaxrefunded.B.Non-EUresidentswhoaregoingtotravelinEU.C.EUresidentswhohaveGlobalBlueTaxFreeForms.D.Non-EUresidentswhoareleavingEUafterpurchases.61.Togetyourtaxrefund,youneedto_____afterhavingyourluggagecheckedinifyou’veputyourpurchasedgoodsinyourcheck-inluggage.A.showyourpurchasedgoodstothecheck-inclerkB.cashinyourstampedFormatthecheck-incounterC.takebackyourluggagetotheCustomstogetastampD.gototheCustomstofillinaformwithouttheluggage62.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.It’samusttoattachthereceiptstotheformtogetyourtaxrefund.B.It’sunnecessarytoshowyourpassporttotheCustomsforastamp.C.Youcangetyourrefundincashafterpostingyourformifinahurry.D.Youcangetyourrefundbycreditcardatonceattheappropriatecounter.（C）Aportraitcreatedbyartificialintelligence,orAI,madeahistoricappearanceontheauction(拍賣)blockatChristie’sinNewYorkCitythisweek.Itisthefirstartworkcreatedbyanalgorithm(算法)tobeofferedforauctionintheworldoffineart.Theodd-lookingpaintingofafictitiousmaninadarkcoatlefttheauctionblockatChristie’sfor$432,500onOct.25inNewYorkCity.Theportrait—designedinthe“OldMaster”styleofEuropeanfineartistsfromcenturiesago—appearstorepresentamanwithavagueface,dressedinclothingsimilartothatwornbypeoplepaintedbytheDutchartistRembrandtvanRijninthe17thcentury.Ofcourse,acomputerdidn’tautomaticallypickupabrushandbecomeanartist.TheAIthatcreatedtheimagehadhumanprogrammers—aParisianartcollectivecalledObvious,Christie’sreported.Theircooperation,titled“PortraitofEdmondDeBelamy,”ispartofaseriesofpaintingsofthefictionalBelamyfamilyandwasexpectedtofetch$7,000to$10,000,accordingtoChristie’s.Tocreatetheportrait,theObviousteamfirstfedthenetworkadietof15,000imagespaintedbetweenthe14thand20thcenturies,totrainittorecognizevisualelementsinfineart,ObviousartistHugoCaselles-DuprétoldChristie’s.Thealgorithmthateventuallycreatedanoriginalimagehadtwopartsthatworkedagainsteachother,calledtheGenerator(thatmakestheart)andaDiscriminator(thattriestospotthedifferencebetweenhuman-createdandAI-createdimages),Caselles-Dupréexplained;theycalledthisAI“generativeadversarialnetwork”(GAN),Caselles-Dupréexplained.GAN’sfinalimagewasthenprintedandframed,accordingtoObvious.Atthebottomoftheportraitisamathematicalformula(公式)representingthealgorithmthatcreatedit,anodtotherelationshipbetweentheGeneratorandtheDiscriminator,Obviousartistswroteonthecollective’swebsite.ThegoalofthepaintingandofObvious,alsoco-foundedbyHugoCaselles-DupréandGauthierVernier,wastoprove“artificialintelligencecandomorethanoperatedriverlesscarsortransformmanufacturing—itcanbecreative,”ConsumerNewsandBusinessChannelreported.PortraitureisatoughtaskforAItotakeon,accordingtoChristie’s,“sincehumansarehighlyaccustomedtothecurvesandcomplexitiesofafaceinawaythatamachinecannotbe.”ThisdifficultywaspartofObvious’thinkingwhentheycreatedtheportrait.“EdmonddeBelamy”isoneofelevenAIpaintingsmadebyObvious.63.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheportrait“EdmonddeBelamy”_____.A.wassoldatanunexpectedlyhighprice B.wasthefirstartworksoldatanauctionC.isapaintingcreatedbymeansofbrush D.isamanwhoonceappearedattheauction64.Tocreateaportrait,AIneedsto_____.A.learnfromplentyofimages B.useanalgorithmwithmanypartsC.workagainsthumanpainters D.recognizeitshumanprogrammers65.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.Themathematicalformulaatthebottomoftheportraitismeaningless.B.Theportraitwasmadetoprovealgorithmsareabletoimitatecreativity.C.ItismoredifficultforAItooperatedriverlesscarsthantopaintaportrait.D.AIisbetteratpaintingthecurvesandcomplexitiesofafacethanahuman.66.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_____.A.AIwillsoonreplacemaninsomefields B.anAI-createdportraitsellshighatanauctionC.aproperalgorithmisthekeyforAItocreateartD.AI-createdpaintingsarebetterreceivedatauctionsSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.It’sthatlong-termexposurethatexpertsfindmostworrisome.Carmanufacturersareunawareofstandardsregulatingairqualityinsidenewcars.Thisiswhencomponentsarestillunstableandtendtowardswhatiscalledoff-gassing.Justreadingalistofthesubstancesisscaryenough,andthedangerofexposureisscarierstill.Thesourceofthesmellsomanybuyersfindappealingisinthevarioussubstancesusedincarconstruction.Fortunately,highconcentrationsofthesecompoundsgraduallydisappearjustafewmonthsaftermanufacture.IsNew-carSmellBadforYourHealth?

Thesmellofanewcarcanbeappealinginshowrooms,forwhichthere’sagoodreason.Thatnewcarsmellcomesfromamixtureofchemicals,someofwhichcanbehighlypoisonous.67Manyofthesecontainvolatile(揮發(fā)性的)organiccompounds(VOCs),someofwhichcanbedeadlyinsufficientquantities.Othersarejustbadforyou.“It’sachemicalcocktailmadeupoflotsofpoisonoussubstances,”saidJeffGearhart,ResearchDirectoroftheEcologyCenterintheUSstateofMichigan.TheEcologyCenterhasbeenmonitoringandtestingchemicallevelsin“Thereareover200chemicalcompoundsfoundinvehicles,”hesaid.“Sincethesechemicalsarenotregulated,consumershavenowayofknowingthedangerstheyface.”68Immediatesymptomscanrangefromasorethroattoheadaches,dizziness,etc.,dependingonthesensitivityofanindividual.AccordingtotheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,continuedexposuretosomeofthesecanleadtoreproductiveimpactsanddamagetosomeorgansandcentralnervoussystem—orevencancer.69Itisthereleaseofchemicalvapours,whichleadstothesmell.Heatfromavehicleleftinthesuncanmakemattersworse,andspeedupthechemicalreaction.Thedangerisreducedovertime,andexpertssaytheworstisusuallyoverwithinaboutsixmonths.Expertsadvisethebestthingthatbuyerscandotolimitexposureistokeeptheinsideofthecarwellventilated(通風(fēng)的),especiallyduringthefirstsixmonthsofownership.Parkintheshadewiththewindowsopenwhenit’ssafetodoso,oratleasttrytoairitoutbeforegettinginside—especiallyonhotdays.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

71.TakeCareofYourSpine(脊柱)Thespinestandsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyourbodywithstructureandsupport.Italsocontainsyourspinalcord,amassivecollectionofnervesthatsendselectricsignalsfromtherestofyourbodytoyourbrain.Therefore,it’simportanttotakecareofit.Maintainingyourgoodpostureisoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotokeepyourspinehealthy.Properposturemeansstandingorsittingwhilekeepingyourspinestraight,exceptforitsnaturalcurves.Posturecomesintoplayevenwhenyou’reasleep.Sleepingonyoursideputslessstressonyourspinethanmostotherpositions.Havingacomfortablebedisalsoveryimportantassleepinginapositionthatisn’tcomfortablecanleaveyourbackfeelingsorethenextday.Exerciseisalsoanimportantfactorinthehealthofyourspine.Stayingstillfortoolong—evenifyourpostureisgood—canbehardonyourback.Especiallyifyouworkatadeskmostoftheday,it’simportanttogetupandstretchperiodically.Stretchescanhelpthemusclesaroundyourspinerelaxandallowbonestoshiftintobetterpositions.Strengthexerciseswithlightweightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepushupscanalsohelpbystrengtheningthemusclesaroundyourspine.However,don’toverdotheexercise,asrepeatedmotionscanhurtthemusclesaroundyourspine.Yourdietalsoaffectsthehealthofyourspinebecausemanyvitaminsarenecessaryforbonesandnerves.Inparticular,Bvitaminshelpkeepnerveshealthy,soyoumaywanttoconsidertakingasupplement(補充物).AnotherimportantfactorisvitaminD,whichisessentialforstrongbones,butit’salsoabsorbedfromsunlight,soitmayhelptodosomeofthosebackexercisesoutside.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgivenint