方面nagios3中文手冊版

運(yùn)維 整理文檔Nagios3.xDr項(xiàng)目sourceforge軟件開發(fā)者組織nagios-cn項(xiàng)目0.1.0Nagios歸nagios本書，全部或部分章節(jié)，請一定要給出本書的來源站點(diǎn)是，并且一定sourceforge站點(diǎn)的相關(guān) 物的提示與。摘要Nagios序緊密結(jié)合使得這款軟件的漢化界面遲遲不能推出，影響了它在中文區(qū)的使用。Nagiosnagios-cnNagios讓這款優(yōu)秀的軟件為國人服務(wù)。題詞1.致謝修訂歷史運(yùn)維 整理文檔Nagios3.xDr項(xiàng)目sourceforge軟件開發(fā)者組織nagios-cn項(xiàng)目0.1.0Nagios歸nagios本書，全部或部分章節(jié)，請一定要給出本書的來源站點(diǎn)是，并且一定sourceforge站點(diǎn)的相關(guān) 物的提示與。摘要Nagios序緊密結(jié)合使得這款軟件的漢化界面遲遲不能推出，影響了它在中文區(qū)的使用。Nagiosnagios-cnNagios讓這款優(yōu)秀的軟件為國人服務(wù)。題詞1.致謝修訂歷史0.0.330/01/2008enochcytian將翻譯完成的部分初步生成 文檔。0.0.220/12/2007enochcytianDocBookhtmlxml章節(jié)文件。0.0.112/12/2007enochcytian建立初稿，開始編寫初始文件。運(yùn)維 整理文檔首先要感謝家人，是他們在身后的支持使得我得以著手做我所喜歡的事情，家人是我引以自豪的根本，相信他們也會為我所做的而自豪。NagiosEthanGalstad也是他給回信，讓我知道了Nagios軟件將向何處努力與發(fā)展。最后要感謝開源社區(qū)，特別是sourceforge和的對人類的貢獻(xiàn)。序..2.5.什么是Nagios？致謝最新版本3.Nagios3.0運(yùn)維 整理文檔首先要感謝家人，是他們在身后的支持使得我得以著手做我所喜歡的事情，家人是我引以自豪的根本，相信他們也會為我所做的而自豪。NagiosEthanGalstad也是他給回信，讓我知道了Nagios軟件將向何處努力與發(fā)展。最后要感謝開源社區(qū)，特別是sourceforge和的對人類的貢獻(xiàn)。序..2.5.什么是Nagios？致謝最新版本3.Nagios3.0新特性.4.入門12.升級到當(dāng)前版本平臺的快速指南基于openSUSE平臺的快速指南平臺的快速指南Windows主機(jī)Linux/Unix主機(jī)路由器和交換機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)打印機(jī)Netware服務(wù)器公眾5.準(zhǔn)備配置Nagios.5.3.對象配置概覽5.4CGI配置文件選項(xiàng)Nagios 與配置的基本概念運(yùn)維 整理文檔對象繼承關(guān)系時(shí)間周期通知3.6.14.運(yùn)維 整理文檔對象繼承關(guān)系時(shí)間周期通知3.6.14.的基本操作..Nagios關(guān)于CGI程序模塊的信息Nagios深入進(jìn)階Nagios的插件宏及其工作機(jī)制Nagiosr內(nèi)嵌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)宏...可變服務(wù)感知和處理狀態(tài)抖動的對象擴(kuò)展8.10.循環(huán)9.Nagios專業(yè)話題...分布式緩存檢測運(yùn)維 整理文檔.9.9.適應(yīng)性Nagios自身的安全性與性能調(diào)優(yōu)Nagios的性能調(diào)優(yōu)..運(yùn)維 整理文檔.9.9.適應(yīng)性Nagios自身的安全性與性能調(diào)優(yōu)Nagios的性能調(diào)優(yōu)..狀態(tài)工具程序模塊的與認(rèn)證CGI頁面頭和尾SNMP陷井集成Nagios外部構(gòu)件開發(fā)相關(guān)Nagios插件API..打算項(xiàng)目推進(jìn)打算運(yùn)維 整理文檔第1章序相信玩計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人都或多或少地知道網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理這一類型軟件，但真正在實(shí)盡心來了解并使用管理軟件的事情。沒有最終目標(biāo)，沒有時(shí)間截止期限，也有太多的資金投入，但要把一些很實(shí)際的問題解決掉，這就是這些工作的起點(diǎn)。好在軟件并不難以安裝和試用，我只花了一天就、編譯和安裝好了，試著初建系統(tǒng)工作量大等一系列問題使我不得不懷疑是否還需要它？畢竟有一款商背身上，畢竟，我可以不為這些事情負(fù)責(zé)任的。考慮在三，"放棄"并不是要做的，既然時(shí)間沒有限制，那就兩條腿走路吧，先穩(wěn)妥地配置好那個商業(yè)化軟件，讓它可以操作與運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但對后序的改動，只好開啟一個一下思路，么程度，再把現(xiàn)有條件對比一下，看看能否走通。不斷地嘗試與調(diào)整是一個漫長的過程，尤其是到著手編寫檢測插件的階段，并不是象想像中的那么順利，好在時(shí)間是擠出來的，寫來寫去竟然也有了些心得，順手把PerlBASH（只是這些插件與工作內(nèi)容相關(guān)，可惜不能公開，NagiosBASH方便后來者研究和利用它。再往下，因?yàn)楣ぷ髑闆r有變，把掌握的東西交付出來，讓它真正有所實(shí)用。而后面再搞東西就完全是的nagios-cn運(yùn)維 整理文檔第1章序相信玩計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人都或多或少地知道網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理這一類型軟件，但真正在實(shí)盡心來了解并使用管理軟件的事情。沒有最終目標(biāo)，沒有時(shí)間截止期限，也有太多的資金投入，但要把一些很實(shí)際的問題解決掉，這就是這些工作的起點(diǎn)。好在軟件并不難以安裝和試用，我只花了一天就、編譯和安裝好了，試著初建系統(tǒng)工作量大等一系列問題使我不得不懷疑是否還需要它？畢竟有一款商背身上，畢竟，我可以不為這些事情負(fù)責(zé)任的?？紤]在三，"放棄"并不是要做的，既然時(shí)間沒有限制，那就兩條腿走路吧，先穩(wěn)妥地配置好那個商業(yè)化軟件，讓它可以操作與運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但對后序的改動，只好開啟一個一下思路，么程度，再把現(xiàn)有條件對比一下，看看能否走通。不斷地嘗試與調(diào)整是一個漫長的過程，尤其是到著手編寫檢測插件的階段，并不是象想像中的那么順利，好在時(shí)間是擠出來的，寫來寫去竟然也有了些心得，順手把PerlBASH（只是這些插件與工作內(nèi)容相關(guān)，可惜不能公開，NagiosBASH方便后來者研究和利用它。再往下，因?yàn)楣ぷ髑闆r有變，把掌握的東西交付出來，讓它真正有所實(shí)用。而后面再搞東西就完全是的nagios-cnSVG式SPECRPMDocBook程等等，每每做完這些總能讓人感到有一種新鮮愉快的感受?？蜕辖o出的日益增多的項(xiàng)目信息，這本書也是其中的一部分?；虿┻\(yùn)維 整理文檔第2章Nagios2.1.什么是Nagios？Nagios的應(yīng)用程序。它可以在你設(shè)定的條件下對主機(jī)和服務(wù)進(jìn)行，在狀態(tài)變差和變好的時(shí)候給出告警信息。之上運(yùn)行。Nagios.5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（SMTP、POP3、HTTP、NNTP、PING等主機(jī)（處理器負(fù)荷、磁盤利用率等；簡單地插件設(shè)計(jì)使得用戶可以方便地?cái)U(kuò)展并行服務(wù)檢查機(jī)制；服務(wù)的檢測方法；關(guān)系可被用來發(fā)現(xiàn)和明晰主機(jī)宕機(jī)或不可達(dá)狀態(tài)；6.當(dāng)服務(wù)或主機(jī)問題產(chǎn)生與解決時(shí)將告警義方式；給 人（通過、、用戶定運(yùn)維 整理文檔第2章Nagios2.1.什么是Nagios？Nagios的應(yīng)用程序。它可以在你設(shè)定的條件下對主機(jī)和服務(wù)進(jìn)行，在狀態(tài)變差和變好的時(shí)候給出告警信息。之上運(yùn)行。Nagios.5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（SMTP、POP3、HTTP、NNTP、PING等主機(jī)（處理器負(fù)荷、磁盤利用率等；簡單地插件設(shè)計(jì)使得用戶可以方便地?cái)U(kuò)展并行服務(wù)檢查機(jī)制；服務(wù)的檢測方法；關(guān)系可被用來發(fā)現(xiàn)和明晰主機(jī)宕機(jī)或不可達(dá)狀態(tài)；6.當(dāng)服務(wù)或主機(jī)問題產(chǎn)生與解決時(shí)將告警義方式；給 人（通過、、用戶定0.具備定義句柄功能，它可以在主機(jī)或服務(wù)的發(fā)生時(shí)獲取問題；自動的日志回滾；可以支持并實(shí)現(xiàn)對主機(jī)的冗余；WEB界面用于查看當(dāng)前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)、通知和故障歷史、日志文件等；2.2.系統(tǒng)需求Nagios所需要的運(yùn)行條件是必須可以運(yùn)行Linux（或是Unix變種）并且有C語言編譯器。你必須正確地配置TCP/IP協(xié)議棧以使大多數(shù)的服務(wù)檢測可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)得以進(jìn)行。你需要但并非必須正確地配置Nagios里的CGIsCGI程序時(shí)，你必須要安裝以下這些軟件...（Apache）1.6.3或更高（CGIsstatusmap和trends這兩個模塊里需要這個庫）2.3.運(yùn)維 整理文檔Nagios遵從于由自由軟件GNUGNU協(xié)議請查閱自由軟件協(xié)議 你在某些條件下可以發(fā)并且或者是修改它?？梢栽贜agios軟件 包里閱讀LICENSE在上閱讀文件以獲取 信息。NagiosisprovidedASISwithNOWARRANTYOFANYKIND,INCLUDINGTHE運(yùn)維 整理文檔Nagios遵從于由自由軟件GNUGNU協(xié)議請查閱自由軟件協(xié)議 你在某些條件下可以發(fā)并且或者是修改它。可以在Nagios軟件 包里閱讀LICENSE在上閱讀文件以獲取 信息。NagiosisprovidedASISwithNOWARRANTYOFANYKIND,INCLUDINGTHEWARRANTYOFDESIGN,MERCHANTABILITY,ANDFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.2.4.致謝一些人對Nagios的發(fā)布盡力，不管是報(bào)告錯誤、提供建議、編寫插件等等，可以在上找到這些人的名字列表。2.5.最新版本Nagios站點(diǎn)獲取最新版本。注意NagiosNagiosEthanGalstad其他的商業(yè)標(biāo)識、服務(wù)標(biāo)識、商標(biāo)及服務(wù)屬于各自的所有者。運(yùn)維 整理文檔第3章Nagios3.0重要Important:Makesureyoureadthroughthedocumentation運(yùn)維 整理文檔第3章Nagios3.0重要Important:MakesureyoureadthroughthedocumentationandtheFAQsatbeforesendingaquestiontothinglists.3.1.更新日志到。文件或是在源程序的包的根目錄里找3.2.變更與新特征文檔：1. 更新了文檔－很抱歉我對文檔的更新工作進(jìn)展遲緩。這會花些時(shí)間來做，（我更不喜歡整天翻譯，這也不是我喜歡的事情。期待一些文檔與其他的有所不同，而這些不同會Nagios使用者起些作用。內(nèi)嵌宏：1.$TEMPPATH$、、、$SERVICEISVOLATILE$、$LASTHOSTEVENTID$、$LASTSERVICEEVENTID$、、、、$CONTACTGROUPNAME$、、、$NOTIFICATIONRECIPIENTS$、、、、$EVENTSTARTTIME$、$HOSTPROBLEMID$、$LASTHOSTPROBLEMID$、、$LASTSERVICEPROBLEMID$、。運(yùn)維 整理文檔2.$NOTIFICATIONNUMBER$被分離為兩個新宏。$HOSTNOTES$和$SERVICENOTES$和$SERVICEACTIONURL$等幾個宏。3.4.在檢測運(yùn)維 整理文檔2.$NOTIFICATIONNUMBER$被分離為兩個新宏。$HOSTNOTES$和$SERVICENOTES$和$SERVICEACTIONURL$等幾個宏。3.4.在檢測處理能力，你可以設(shè)置enable_environment_macros選項(xiàng)來不使能它。有關(guān)宏的更新信息可以在這里查到。5.預(yù)定義停機(jī)時(shí)間：1. 預(yù)定義停機(jī)時(shí)間不再保存在各自文件(之前是由主配置文件里的downtime_file來指定)。當(dāng)前的和保留的預(yù)定義停機(jī)時(shí)間將分別保存于狀態(tài)retentionfile中。注釋：主機(jī)和服務(wù)的注釋不再保存于各自的文件(之前在主配置文件中的來指定)statusretentionfile之中。Acknowledgementcommentsthataremarkedasnon-persistentarenowonlydeletedwhentheacknowledgementisremoved.TheywerepreviouslyautomaticallydeletedwhenNagiosrestarted,whichwasnotideal.StateRetentionData:1.Statusinformationforindividualcontactsisnowretainedacrossprogramrestarts.CommentanddowntimeIDsarenowretainedacrossprogramrestartsandshouldbeuniqueunlesstheretentiondataisdeletedorignored.Addedretained_host_attribute_maskandretained_service_attribute_maskvariablestocontrolwhathost/serviceattributesareretainedgloballyacrossprogramrestarts.Addedretained_process_host_attribute_maskandretained_process_service_attribute_maskvariablestocontrolwhatprocessattributesareretainedacrossprogramrestarts.Addedretained_contact_host_attribute_maskandretained_contact_service_attribute_maskvariablestocontrolwhatcontactattributesareretainedgloballyacrossprogramrestarts..FlapDetection:1.Addedflap_detection_optionsdirectivetohostandservicedefinitionstoallowyoutospecifywhathost/servicestatesshouldbeusedbytheflapdetectionlogic(bydefaultallstatesareused).Percentstatechangeandstatehistoryarenowretainedandrecordedevenwhenflapdetectionisdisabled.Hostsandservicesareimmediatelycheckedforflappingwhenflapdetectionisenabledprogram-wide.Hostsandservicesthatareflappingwhenflapdetectionisdisabledprogram-widearenowlogged.2.3.4.運(yùn)維 整理文檔5. Moreinformationonflapdetectioncanbefoundhere.ExternalCommands:1.AddedanewPROCESS_FILEexternalcommandtoallowprocessingofexternal運(yùn)維 整理文檔5. Moreinformationonflapdetectioncanbefoundhere.ExternalCommands:1.AddedanewPROCESS_FILEexternalcommandtoallowprocessingofexternalcommandsfoundinaneternal(regular)file.Usefulforprocessinglargeamountsofpassivecheckswithlongoutput,orforscriptingregularcommands.Moreinformationcanbefoundhere.CustomcommandsmaynowbesubmittedtoNagios.CustomcommandnamesareprefixedwithanunderscoreandarenotprocessedinternallybytheNagiosdaemon.Theymay,however,beprocessedbyaloadedNEBmodule.Thecheck_external_commandsoptionisnowenabledbydefault,whichmeansisconfiguredtocheckforexternal"commandsoutofthebox".All2.xandearlierversionsofNagioshadthisoptiondisabledbydefault.2.3.StatusData:1.Contactstatusinformation(lastnotificationtimes,notificationsenabled/disabled,etc.)isnowsavedinthestatusandretentionfiles,althoughitisnotprocessedbytheCGIs.EmbeddedPerl:1.Addednewenable_embedded_perlanduse_embedded_perl_implicitlyvariablestocontroluseoftheembeddedPerlinterpreter.Perlscripts/pluginscannowexplicitlytellNagioswhetherornottheyshouldberunundertheembeddedPelinterpreter.Thisisusefulifyouhavetroublesomescriptsthatdon'tfunctionwellundertheePN.Moreinformationaboutthesenewoptioscanbefoundhere.2.3.AdaptiveMonitoring:1. Thechecktimeperiodforhostsandservicescannowbemodifiedon-the-flywiththeappropriateexternalcommand(CHANGE_HOST_CHECK_TIMEPERIODorCHANGE_SVC_CHECK_TIMEPERIOD).查閱這個網(wǎng)頁以取得的適應(yīng)性檢測命令。Notifications:可用1.hasbeenaddedtohostandservicedefinitionsto(whatelse)introduceadelaybetweenwhenahost/serviceproblemfirstoccursandwhenthefirstproblemnotificationgoesout.Inpreviousversionsyouhadtousesomemightyconfig-fuwithescalationstoaccomplishthis.Nowthisfeatureisavailabletonormalmortals.Notificationsarenowsentoutforhosts/servicesthatareflappingwhenflapdetectionisdisabledonahost-orservice-specificbasisoronaprogram-widebasis.The$NOTIFICATIONTYPE$macrowillbesetto"FLAPPINGDISABLED"inthissituation.Notificationscannowbesentoutwhenscheduleddowntimestart,ends,andiscancelledforhostsandservices.The$NOTIFICATIONTYPE$macrowillbesetto"DOWNTIMESTART","DOWNTIMEEND",or"DOWNTIMECANCELLED",respectively.Inordertoreceivednotificationsonscheduleddowntimeevents,specify"s"or"downtime"inyourcontact,host,and/orservicenotificationoptions.2.3.運(yùn)維 整理文檔4. Moreinformationonnotificationscanbefoundhere.ObjectDefinitions:1.Servicedependenciescannowbecreatedtoeasilydefine"samehost"運(yùn)維 整理文檔4. Moreinformationonnotificationscanbefoundhere.ObjectDefinitions:1.Servicedependenciescannowbecreatedtoeasilydefine"samehost"dependenciesfordifferentservicesononeormorehosts.(Readmore)Extendedhostandservicedefinitions(hostextinfoandserviceextinfo,havebeendeprecated.Allvaluesthatfromextendeddefinitionshavebeenmergedwithhostorservicedefinitions,asappropriate.Nagios3willcontinuetoreadandprocessolderextendedinformationdefinitions,butwilllogawarning.FutureversionsofNagios(4.xandlater)willnotsupportseparateextendedinfodefinitions.Newhostgroup_members,servicegroup_members,andcontactgroup_membersdirectiveshavebeenaddedtohostgroup,servicegroup,andcontactgroupsdefinitions,respectively.Thisallowsyoutoincludehosts,services,orcontactsfromsub-groupsinyourgroupdefinitions.Newnotes,notes_url,andaction_urlhavebeenaddedtohostgroupandservicegroupdefinition.Contactdefinitionshavethenewhost_notifications_enabled,service_notifications_enabled,andcan_submit_commandsdirectivestobettercontrolnotificationsanddeterminewhetherornottheycansubmitcommandsthroughthewebinterface.Hostandservicedependenciesnowsupportanoptionaldependency_perioddirective.Thisallowsyoutolimitthetimesduringwhichdependenciesarevalid.Theparallelizedirectiveinservicedefinitionsisnowdeprecatedandnolongerused.AllservicechecksareruninparallelinNagios3.Therearenolongeranyinherentlimitationsonthelengthofhostnamesorservicedescriptions.Extendedregularexpressionsarenowusedifyouenabletheuse_regexp_matchingconfigoption.Regularexpressionmatchingisonlyusedincertainobjectdefinitiondirectivesthatcontain*,?,+,or\..hasbeenaddedtohostandservicedefinitions,soyoucantellNagiosthatahost/serviceshoulddefaulttoaspecificstatewhenNagiosstarts,ratherthanUPorOK(whichisstillthedefault)...10.ObjectInheritance:1.Youcannowinheritobjectvariables/valuesfrommultipletemplatesbyspecifyingmorethanonetemplatenameintheusedirectiveofobjectdefinitions.Thiscanallowforsomeverypowerful(andcomplex)inheritancesetups.(Readmore)Servicesnowinheritcontactgroups,notificationinterval,andnotificationperiodfromtheirassociatedhostifnototherwisespecified.(Readmore)Hostandserviceescalationsnowinheritcontactgroups,notificationinterval,andescalationtimeperiodfrotheirassociatedhostorserviceifnototherwisespecified.(Readmore)2.3.運(yùn)維 整理文檔Stringvariablesinhost,service,andcontactdefinitionscannowbepreventedfrombeinginheritedbyspecifyingavalueof"null"(withoutquotes)forthevalueofthevariable.(Readmore)Moststringvariablesinlocalobjectdefinitionscannowbeappendedtothestringvaluesthatareinherited.Thisis運(yùn)維 整理文檔Stringvariablesinhost,service,andcontactdefinitionscannowbepreventedfrombeinginheritedbyspecifyingavalueof"null"(withoutquotes)forthevalueofthevariable.(Readmore)Moststringvariablesinlocalobjectdefinitionscannowbeappendedtothestringvaluesthatareinherited.Thisisquitehandyinlargeconfigurations.(Readmore)PerformanceImprovements:1.Addabilitytoprecacheobjectconfigfilesandexcludecircularpathdetectionchecksfromverificationprocess.ThiscanspeedupNagiosstarttimeimmenselyinlargeenvironments!Readmorehere.optionhasbeenaddedthatshouldimproveperformanceinlargeNagiosinstallations.Readmoreaboutthishere.havebeenmadewithregardstohowNagiosdealswithinternaldatastructuresandobject(e.g.hostandservice)relationships.Theseimprovementsshouldresultinaspeedupforlargerinstallations.Newexternal_command_buffer_slotsoptionhasbeenaddedtoallowyoutomoreeasilyscaleNagiosinlargeenvironments.ForbestresultsyoushouldconsiderusingMRTGtographNagios'usageofbufferslotsovertime.2.3.4.PluginOutput:1.Multilinepluginoutputisnowsupportedforhostandservicechecks.Hooray!pluginAPIhasbeenupdatedtosupportmultiplelinesofoutputinamannerwitholderplugins.Additionallinesofoutput(asidefromthefirstline)arenowstoredinnew$LONGHOSTOUTPUT$and$LONGSERVICEOUTPUT$macros.2.Theumlengthofpluginoutputhasbeenincreasedto4K(fromaround350bytesinpreviousversions).This4KlimithasbeenarbitrarilychosentoprotectagainrunawaypluginsthatdumpbacktoomuchdatatoNagios.Moreinformationontheplugins,multilineoutput,andmaxpluginoutputlengthcanbefoundhere.3.ServiceChecks:1.2.Nagiosnowchecksfororphanedservicechecksbydefault.Addedanewenable_predictive_service_dependency_checksoptiontocontrolwhetherornotNagioswillinitiatepredictivecheckofservicethatarebeingdependedupon(independencydefinitions).Predictivecheckshelpensurethatthedependencylogicisasaccurateaspossible.(Readmore)hasbeenimplementedthatcansignificantlyimproveperformanceformanypeopleInsteadofexecutingaplugintocheckthestatusofaservice,Nagioscanoftenuseacachedservicecheckresultinstead.Moreinformationonthiscanbefoundhere.3.HostChecks:1. Hostchecksarenowruninparallel!Hostchecksusedtoberuninaserialfashion,whichmeanttheywereamajorholdupintermsofperformance.Nolonger!(Readmore)運(yùn)維 整理文檔2.Hostcheckretriesarenowperformedlikeservicecheckretries.Thatistosay,hostdefinitionsnowhaveanewretry_intervalthatspecifieshow運(yùn)維 整理文檔2.Hostcheckretriesarenowperformedlikeservicecheckretries.Thatistosay,hostdefinitionsnowhaveanewretry_intervalthatspecifieshowmuchtimetowaitbeforetryingthehostcheckagain.:-)Regularlyscheduledhostchecksnowlongerhinderperformance.Infact,theycanhelptoincreaseperformancewiththenewcachedchecklogic(seebelow).Addedanewcheck_for_orphaned_hostsoptiontoenablechecksoforphanedhostchecks.Thisisneednowthathostchecksareruninparallel.Addedanewenable_predictive_host_dependency_checksoptiontocontrolwhetherornotNagioswillinitiatepredictivecheckofhoststhatarebeingdependedupon(independencydefinitions).Predictivecheckshelpensurethatthedependencylogicisasaccurateaspossible.(Readmore)hasbeenimplementedthatcansignificantlyimproveperformanceformanypeopleInsteadofexecutingaplugintocheckthestatusofahost,Nagioscanoftenuseacachedhostcheckresultinstead.Moreinformationonthiscanbefoundhere.PassivehostchecksthathaveaDOWNorUNREACHABLEresultcannowbeautomaticallytranslatedtotheirproperstatefromthepointofviewoftheNagiosinstancethatreceivesthem.Thisisveryusefulinfailoveranddistributedmonitoringsetups.Moreinformationonpassivehostcheckstatetranslationcanbefoundhere.PassivehostchecksnormallyputahostintoaHARDstate.Thiscannowbechangedbyenablingthepassive_host_checks_are_softoption..7.8.Freshnesschecks:1.optionhasbeenaddedtoallowtoyouspecifythenumberofsecondsthatshouldbeaddedtoanyhostorservicefreshnessthresholdthatisautomaticallycalculatedbyNagios.IPC:1.TheIPCmechanismthatisusedtotransferhost/servicecheckresultsbacktotheNagiosdaemonfrom(grand)childprocesseshaschanged!Thisshouldhelptoreduceload/latencyissuesrelatedtoprocessinglargenumbersofpassivechecksindistributedmonitoringenvironments.Checkresultsarenowtransferredbywritingcheckresultstofilesindirectoryspecifiedbythecheck_result_pathoption.Filesthatareolderthatthemax_check_result_file_ageoptionwillbemercilesslydeletedwithoutfurtherprocessing.2.Timeperiods:Timeperiodswereoverdueforamajoroverhaulandhavefinallybeenextendedtoallowfordateexceptions,skipdates(every3days),etc!Thisshouldhelpyououtwhendefiningnotificationtimeperiodsforpagerrotations.Moreinformationonthenewtimeperioddirectivescanbefoundhereandhere.EventBroker:1.2.3.NEBAPIversionModifiedcallbackforadaptiveprogramstatusdataAddedcallbackforadaptivecontactstatusdata運(yùn)維 整理文檔4. Addedprecheckcallbacksforhostsandservicestoallowmodulestocancel/overrideinternalhost/servicechecks.WebInterface:enable_splunk_integrationsplunk_url1.Hostgroupandservicegroupsummariesnowshowimportant/unimportantproblembreakdownsliek運(yùn)維 整理文檔4. Addedprecheckcallbacksforhostsandservicestoallowmodulestocancel/overrideinternalhost/servicechecks.WebInterface:enable_splunk_integrationsplunk_url1.Hostgroupandservicegroupsummariesnowshowimportant/unimportantproblembreakdownsliektheTACCGI.MinorlayoutchangestohostandservicedetailviewsinextinfoCGI.Newcheckstatisticsandhavebeenaddedtothe"PerformanceInfo"screen.AddedSplunkAddednewnotes_url_targetandaction_url_targetoptionstocontrolwhatframenotesandactionURLsareopenedin.Addednewlock_author_namesoptiontopreventalterationofauthornameswhenuserssubmitcomments,acknowledgements,andscheduleddowntime..6.DeubbingInfo:1.TheDEBUGxcompileoptionsavailableintheconfigurescriptforhavebeenremoved.Debugginginformationcannowbewrittentoaseparatedebugfile,whichisautomaticallyrotatedwhenitreachesauser-definedsize.Thisshouldmakedebuggingproblemsmucheasier,asyoudon'tneedtorecompiledNagios.Fullsupportforwritingdebugginginformationtofileisbeingaddedduringthealphadevelopmentphase,soitmaynotbecompletewhenyoutryit.Variablesthataffectthedebuglogindebug_file,debug_level,debug_verbosity,andmax_debug_file_size.2.3.Misc:1.hasbeenaddedtospecifyascratchdirectorythatNagioscanusefortemporaryscratchspace.eventIDnumbers-AuniqueIDnumberisnowassignedtoeachhostandservicenotification.AnotheruniqueIDisnowassignedtoallhostandservicestatechangesaswell.TheuniqueIDscanbeaccessedusingthefollowingrespectivemacros:$HOSTNOTIFICATIONID$,$LASTSERVICEEVENTID$.thanthosealreadymentionedelsewhereabove)havebeenadded.Theyinclude$HOSTGROUPNAMES$,$SERVICEACKAUTHORNAME$,and$SERVICEACKAUTHORALIAS$.Reaperfrequency-Theoldservice_reaper_frequencyvariablehasbeenrenamedtocheck_result_reaper_frequency,asitisnowalsousedtoprocesshostcheckresults.variablehasbeenaddedtolimittheamountoftimeasinglereapereventisallowedtorun..運(yùn)維 整理文檔6.Fractionalintervals-Fractionalnotificationandcheckintervals(e.g."3.5"minutes)arenowsupportedinhost,service,hostescalation,andserviceescalationdefinitions.Escapedcommandarguments-Youcannowpassbang(!)charactersinyour運(yùn)維 整理文檔6.Fractionalintervals-Fractionalnotificationandcheckintervals(e.g."3.5"minutes)arenowsupportedinhost,service,hostescalation,andserviceescalationdefinitions.Escapedcommandarguments-Youcannowpassbang(!)charactersinyourcommandargumentsbyescapingthemwithabackslash(\).Ifyouneedtoincludebackslashesinyourcommandarguments,theyshouldalsobeescapedwithabackslash.Multilinesystemcommandoutput-Nagioswillnowreadmultiplelinesoutoutputfromsystemcommandsitruns(notificationscripts,etc.),upto4K.Thismatchesthelimitsonpluginoutputmentionedearliar.OutputfromsystemcommandsisnotdirectlyprocessedbyNagios,butsupportforitistherenonetheless.Betterschedulinginformation-MoredetailedinformationisgivenwhenNagiosisexecutedwiththe-scommandlineoption.Thisinformationcanbeusedtohelpreducethetimeittakestostart/restartNagios.Aggregatedstatusfileupdates-Theoldaggregate_status_updatesoptionhasupdatesarenowaggregatedataminimumintervalof1second.filemode-Anew"p"optionhasbeenaddedtothehost_perfdata_file_modeandservice_perfdata_file_modeoptions.Thisnewmodewillopenthefileinnon-blockingread/writemode,whichisusefulforpipes.hasbeenaddedtoallowyoutorundifferentinstancesofNagiosintimezonesdifferentfromthelocalzone.0.11.12.運(yùn)維 整理文檔第4章入門4.1.給新手的建議Nagios！NagiosNagios：不要指望它事情可以在就搞掟，沒有那么容易。Nagios設(shè)置并不清楚，而還可能是由于并不清楚如何來現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)（或者說如何會更好。本幫助給出了快速安裝指南是給那些新手盡快地將Nagios安裝到位并運(yùn)行起來而寫就的。在不到二十分鐘之內(nèi)可以安裝并Nagios了。本地的系統(tǒng)，一旦運(yùn)維 整理文檔第4章入門4.1.給新手的建議Nagios！NagiosNagios：不要指望它事情可以在就搞掟，沒有那么容易。Nagios設(shè)置并不清楚，而還可能是由于并不清楚如何來現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)（或者說如何會更好。本幫助給出了快速安裝指南是給那些新手盡快地將Nagios安裝到位并運(yùn)行起來而寫就的。在不到二十分鐘之內(nèi)可以安裝并Nagios了。本地的系統(tǒng)，一旦和"基本操作"兩章)之前可以對那些高級內(nèi)容暫時(shí)不管。獲得他人協(xié)助。如果已經(jīng)閱讀文檔并檢測了樣本配置文件但仍然有問題，寫一個直接給郵件我可能無法回復(fù)，所以最好是求助于郵件列表，如果有較好的背景并且可以將問題描述清楚，或許有人可以指出如何正確來做。下尋找。地信息請?jiān)谶@個4.2.舊Nagios升級到當(dāng)前版本目錄第第第.24.2.3節(jié)節(jié)節(jié)2.x3.x”RPM4.2.1.從舊的3.x版本升級到當(dāng)前版本Nagios，下root權(quán)限也可以升級。下面是升級過程...的，至少可以回退到舊版本。運(yùn)維 整理文檔切換為NagiosDebian/Ubuntusudo-snagios來切換。su-lnagiosNagios)。wget展開源碼包。tarxzfnagios-3.x.tar.gzcdnagios-3.x運(yùn)行Nagios源程序的配置，把加入外部命令的組名加上，象這樣：運(yùn)維 整理文檔切換為NagiosDebian/Ubuntusudo-snagios來切換。su-lnagiosNagios)。wget展開源碼包。tarxzfnagios-3.x.tar.gzcdnagios-3.x運(yùn)行Nagios源程序的配置，把加入外部命令的組名加上，象這樣：./configure--with-command-group=nagcmd編譯源程序makeallWeb覆蓋。被makeinstall驗(yàn)證配置并重啟動Nagios/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios-v/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg/sbin/servicenagiosrestart好了，升級完成！.x3.x3.xNagios3.x1. Theoldservice_reaper_frequencyvariableinthemainconfigfilehasbeenrenamedtocheck_result_reaper_frequency.運(yùn)維 整理文檔2.Theold$NOTIFICATIONNUMBER$macrohasbeendeprecatedinfavor運(yùn)維 整理文檔2.Theold$NOTIFICATIONNUMBER$macrohasbeendeprecatedinfavorofnewandTheoldparallelizedirectiveinservicedefinitionsisnowdeprecatedandnolongerused,asallservicechecksareruninparallel.optionhasbeenremoved.Allstatusfileupdatesarenowaggregatedataminimumintervalof1second.Extendedhostandextendedservicedefinitionshavebeendeprecated.TheyarestillreadandprocessedbyNagios,butitisrecommendedthatyoumovethedirectivesfoundinthesedefinitionstoyourhostandservicedefinitions,respectively.Theolddowntime_filefilevariableinthemainconfigfileisnolongersupported,asscheduleddowntimeentriesarenowsavedintheretentionfile.Topreserveexistingdowntimeentries,stopNagios2.xandappendthecontentsofyourolddowntimefiletotheretentionfile.Theoldcomment_filefilevariableinthemainconfigfileisnolongersupported,ascommentsarenowsavedintheretentionfile.Topreserveexistingcomments,stopNagios2.xandappendthecontentsofyouroldcommentfiletotheretentionfile..7.Alsomakesuretoreadthe"What'sNew"sectionofthedocumentation.ItdescribesallthechangesthatweremadetotheNagios3codesincethelateststablereleaseofNagios2.x.Quiteabithaschanged,somakesureyoureaditover.4.2.3.RPMRPMDebian/UbuntuAPTNagios的，需要用源程序包來安裝升級，下面是操作步驟：i.ii.iii.iv.Mainconfigfile(usuallynagios.cfg)Resourceconfigfile(usuallyresource.cfg)CGIconfigfile(usuallycgi.cfg)Allyourobjectdefinitionfilesa.b.c.d.ConfigurationfilesRetentionfile(usuallyretention.dat)CurrentNagioslogfile(usuallynagios.log)ArchivedNagioslogfiles.5.BackupyourexistingNagiosinstallationoriginalRPMorAPTpackageInstallNagiosfromsourcebyfollowingthequickstartguideRestoreyouroriginalNagiosconfigurationfiles,retentionfile,andlogfilesVerifyyourconfigurationandstartNagios運(yùn)維 整理文檔配置文件備份好以在碰到解決不了的升級問題時(shí)可以回退到舊版本。4.3.快速安裝指南4.3.1.介紹這些指南試圖讓你在二十分鐘內(nèi)用簡單地指令操作下從源程序安裝Nagios并監(jiān)4.3.2.指南現(xiàn)在可以提供如下Linux版本上的快速安裝指南：FedoraUbuntuNagiosC百科上找到找不到你所用的操作系統(tǒng)版本的指南？在百科上給其他人寫一條吧！如果你在一個上面沒列出的操作系統(tǒng)或Linux包上安裝Nagios，請參照Fedora同的的東西。4.3.3.安裝后該做的運(yùn)維 整理文檔配置文件備份好以在碰到解決不了的升級問題時(shí)可以回退到舊版本。4.3.快速安裝指南4.3.1.介紹這些指南試圖讓你在二十分鐘內(nèi)用簡單地指令操作下從源程序安裝Nagios并監(jiān)4.3.2.指南現(xiàn)在可以提供如下Linux版本上的快速安裝指南：FedoraUbuntuNagiosC百科上找到找不到你所用的操作系統(tǒng)版本的指南？在百科上給其他人寫一條吧！如果你在一個上面沒列出的操作系統(tǒng)或Linux包上安裝Nagios，請參照Fedora同的的東西。4.3.3.安裝后該做的一旦你正確地安裝并使Nagios運(yùn)行起來后，毫無疑問你不僅要你的主機(jī)，你需要審視一下的文檔來做的事情...WindowsLinux/UnixNetware路由器和交換機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)打印機(jī)公眾4.4.基于Fedora平臺的快速指南運(yùn)維 整理文檔4.4.1.介紹本指南試圖讓你通過簡單的指令以在20分鐘內(nèi)在Fedora平臺上通過對Nagios的源程序的安裝來本本操作，但這足以使95%的用戶啟動Nagios。FedoraCore6最終結(jié)果是什么如果按照本指南安裝，最后將是這樣結(jié)果：1.2.3.Nagios和插件將安裝到/usr/local/nagiosNagios將被配置為本地系統(tǒng)的幾個主要服務(wù)(CPU負(fù)荷、磁盤利用率等)運(yùn)維 整理文檔4.4.1.介紹本指南試圖讓你通過簡單的指令以在20分鐘內(nèi)在Fedora平臺上通過對Nagios的源程序的安裝來本本操作，但這足以使95%的用戶啟動Nagios。FedoraCore6最終結(jié)果是什么如果按照本指南安裝，最后將是這樣結(jié)果：1.2.3.Nagios和插件將安裝到/usr/local/nagiosNagios將被配置為本地系統(tǒng)的幾個主要服務(wù)(CPU負(fù)荷、磁盤利用率等)4.4.2.準(zhǔn)備軟件包在做安裝之前確認(rèn)要對該root確認(rèn)你安裝好的Fedora系統(tǒng)上已經(jīng)安裝如下軟件包再繼續(xù)。1.2.3.ApacheGCC編譯器GD庫與開發(fā)庫可以用yum命令來安裝這些軟件包，鍵入命令：yuminstallhttpdyuminstallgccyuminstallglibcglibc-commonyuminstallgdgd-devel4.4.3.操作過程1)建立一個帳號rootsu-l運(yùn)維 整理文檔創(chuàng)建一個名為nagios的帳號并給定登錄口令/usr/sbin/useraddnagiospasswdnagios創(chuàng)建一個用戶組名為nagcmd用于從Web接口執(zhí)行外部命令。將nagios用戶和apache/usr/sbin/groupaddnagcmd/usr/sbin/usermod-Gnagcmdnagios/usr/sbin/usermod-Gnagcmdapache2)Nagios和插件程序包建立一個目錄用以文件mkdir~/downloadscd~/downloadsNagiosNagiosNagios3.0rc1，Nagios運(yùn)維 整理文檔創(chuàng)建一個名為nagios的帳號并給定登錄口令/usr/sbin/useraddnagiospasswdnagios創(chuàng)建一個用戶組名為nagcmd用于從Web接口執(zhí)行外部命令。將nagios用戶和apache/usr/sbin/groupaddnagcmd/usr/sbin/usermod-Gnagcmdnagios/usr/sbin/usermod-Gnagcmdapache2)Nagios和插件程序包建立一個目錄用以文件mkdir~/downloadscd~/downloadsNagiosNagiosNagios3.0rc1，Nagios1.4.11。wgetzwget1.4.11.tar.gz3)編譯與安裝NagiosNagioscd~/downloadstarxzfnagios-3.0rc1.tar.gzcdnagios-3.0rc1Nagios并使用先前開設(shè)的用戶及用戶組：運(yùn)維 整理文檔./configure--with-command-group=nagcmdNagiosmakeall安裝二進(jìn)制運(yùn)行程序、初始化、配置文件樣本并設(shè)置運(yùn)行目錄權(quán)限makeinstallmakeinstall-initmakeinstall-configmakeinstall-commandmode現(xiàn)在還不能啟動Nagios－還有一些要做的...4)客戶化配置/usr/local/nagios/etc，這些樣例文件可Nagios用你擅長的編輯器軟件來編輯這個/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg配置文件，更改地址nagiosadmin的容。人定義信息中的信息為你的信息以接收內(nèi)vi/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg5)運(yùn)維 整理文檔./configure--with-command-group=nagcmdNagiosmakeall安裝二進(jìn)制運(yùn)行程序、初始化、配置文件樣本并設(shè)置運(yùn)行目錄權(quán)限makeinstallmakeinstall-initmakeinstall-configmakeinstall-commandmode現(xiàn)在還不能啟動Nagios－還有一些要做的...4)客戶化配置/usr/local/nagios/etc，這些樣例文件可Nagios用你擅長的編輯器軟件來編輯這個/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg配置文件，更改地址nagiosadmin的容。人定義信息中的信息為你的信息以接收內(nèi)vi/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg5)WEBNagiosWEBApacheconf.dmakeinstall-webconf創(chuàng)建一個nagiosadmin的用戶用于Nagios的WEB接口登錄。記下你所設(shè)置的登錄口令，一會兒你會用到它。htpasswd-c/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.usersnagiosadmin重啟Apache服務(wù)以使設(shè)置生效。servicehttpdrestart6)編譯并安裝Nagios插件運(yùn)維 整理文檔展開Nagios插件的源程序包c(diǎn)d~/downloadstarxzfnagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gzcdnagios-plugins-1.4.11編譯并安裝插件./configure--with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagiosmakemakeinstall7)NagiosNagioschkconfig--addnagioschkconfignagioson驗(yàn)證Nagios的樣例配置文件/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios-v/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg如果沒有報(bào)錯，可以啟動Nagios服務(wù)servicenagiosstart8)SELinuxFedora運(yùn)維 整理文檔展開Nagios插件的源程序包c(diǎn)d~/downloadstarxzfnagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gzcdnagios-plugins-1.4.11編譯并安裝插件./configure--with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagiosmakemakeinstall7)NagiosNagioschkconfig--addn