倒裝句講義-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

1．完全倒裝當(dāng)作狀語(yǔ)的here,there,now,then,down,up,out,,in,awayoff等表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或方位的副詞或表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)intheroom,ontheway等置于句首且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，句子要完全倒裝。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，主謂不倒裝。Johnopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.Thencamethechairman.那時(shí)總裁來(lái)了。1.Nowcomesyourturntomakeashortspeech.2.Onthetopofthemountainsatagiantman.3.Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.句子練習(xí)：1.黑暗中傳來(lái)一個(gè)他從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)的聲音。Outofthedarknesscameavoicehehadneverheardbefore.2.他的腦中閃過(guò)一位英雄戰(zhàn)士的形象。Throughhismindflashedtheimageofaheroicfighter.3.站在前門(mén)的是Jane的丈夫，他在找不到Jane的時(shí)候非常焦急。AtthefrontdoorstoodJane’shusbandwhosufferedgreatanxietywhenshewasnowheretobefound.4.他僵硬的臉上有一種恐懼和仇恨的表情。Onhisrigidfacetherestoodanexpressionofhorrorandhatred.5.在她的前面是另一條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的通道，她正好看到免子匆匆向遠(yuǎn)處跑去。Infrontofherwasanotherlongpassageandshejustmanagedtocatchsightoftherabbithurryingdownit.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)，句子不倒裝。Hereitis.給你。=Hereyouare.Awaytheywent.他們走了。Such位于句前作表語(yǔ)功能：為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，可以使用such引導(dǎo)的全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例：1.Suchisourhomeinthefuture.2.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.句子練習(xí)：1.這就是“有志者事競(jìng)成”這個(gè)真理。Suchisthetruththatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.2.這就是成功的秘訣，多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)努力，多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)決心，你就能創(chuàng)造出多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的奇跡。Suchisthekeytosuccess—alittlebitmoreeffortsandalittlebitmoredeterminationwillcreatealittlebitmoremiracle.(3)“Therebe”句型be動(dòng)詞可用stand,live,exist,lie,remain,seem,appear等來(lái)代替，其形式為“There＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)”。Therestandsatoweronthetopofthemountain.therewas/livedakingintheforestThereis/liesariverinfrontofthehouse.(4)表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)為了保持句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)部分，可將作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等置于句首，構(gòu)成完全倒裝形式，即“形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)＋be＋主語(yǔ)”。PresentatthemeetingwereexpertsfromEurope.出席會(huì)議的是來(lái)自歐洲的專家。(形容詞短語(yǔ))Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.席地而坐的是一群年輕人。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ))Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutten.躺在地上的是一個(gè)大約十歲的男孩。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))山頂有座塔。2．部分倒裝(1)only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlyyou,yourself,canhelpinEnglishlearning.(2)否定副詞never,nor,neithernot,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely等及表否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition，innoway等置于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.Welaughatjokes,butseldomdowethinkabouthowtheywork.我們對(duì)笑話感到好笑，但很少思考它們是如何好笑的。hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...,nosooner...than...,Nosoonerhadthegamestartedthanitbegantorainheavily.比賽剛一開(kāi)始，天就下起了大雨。(3)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于后者時(shí)，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)so/neither/nor＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.Youlikemusic,andIlikemusic,too.Youlikemusic,sodoI.Youcanswim,socanI.Youdon’tlikemusic,Neither/nordoI.(4)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某種情緒，可以使用so/such...that...倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例：1.Duringtheexam,sonervouswasIthatmymindwentblank.Duringtheexam,Iwassonervousthatmymindwentblank.Suchafinedayisitthatwe'dliketoplayoutside.=SofineadaythatItisSuchafinedaythatwe'dliketoplayoutside.天氣如此好以至于我們想去外面玩。天氣如此好以至于我們想去外面玩。2.Soexcitedwashethathecouldn’tgotosleep.So＋adj./adv....that.../Such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n....＋that...“如此……以至于……”。Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.句子練習(xí)：1.我震驚得睜大眼睛，目瞪口呆。SoshockedwasIthatIwasdumbfoundedwithmyeyeswideopen.2.他非常絕望，借酒消愁。Sodesperatewashethathedrownedhissadness.3.她心事太重，因此沒(méi)聽(tīng)到媽媽的問(wèn)題。Sobusilyengagedwashermindthatshefailedtohearhermother’squestion.4.他的吼叫聲實(shí)在太猛烈、太可怕，嚇得小貓從他身旁跳開(kāi)了。Sofierceanddreadfulwashisroarthatthecatjumpedawayfromhiminalarm.(5)Notonly...butalso...“不僅……而且……”，Notonly后是主謂倒裝，butalso后是正常語(yǔ)序。Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butmedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩(shī)人。(6)在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞位于句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina.Heisachildbutheknowsalot.Although/thoughheis,heknowsalot.⑤在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常使用倒裝語(yǔ)序(表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形＋as＋主語(yǔ))。Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.盡管很累，他還是繼續(xù)工作。Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn'twanttobuyit.他雖然很喜歡那輛自行車，但不想買它。Tryashemight,hedidn'tpasstheexam.盡管盡力了，但他考試還是不及格。(7)在非真實(shí)條件句中，條件句中的if省略時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞had,were,should常提到主語(yǔ)前面，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.＝IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.在含有were,had,should的if虛擬條件從句中，可省去if把were,had,should移至主語(yǔ)前面。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=ifyouhadcomehereearlier,youwould要是你早來(lái)一些，你就會(huì)遇到他了。注意：在if條件句中，如果有not，則not不能提前。Haditnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Icouldn'thavedoneit.=Ifithadnotbeenfor...如果沒(méi)有你的及時(shí)幫助，我無(wú)法完成這個(gè)事情。二、部分倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間功能：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，可以使用not...until...倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例：④當(dāng)“notuntil...”置于句首時(shí)，until從句的主謂不可倒裝，而只是主句需要倒裝。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.Wedidnothavesupperuntilhereturned.直到他回來(lái)，我們才吃晚飯。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.Itis/wasnotuntilhereturnedthatwehadsupper.1.Notuntilthefiredieoutdidhewakeup.2.Notuntilheclimbedintobedwashefreetothinkabouti