Student39;sSG腫瘤學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英文版課件_第1頁
Student39;sSG腫瘤學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英文版課件_第2頁
Student39;sSG腫瘤學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英文版課件_第3頁
Student39;sSG腫瘤學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英文版課件_第4頁
Student39;sSG腫瘤學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英文版課件_第5頁
已閱讀5頁，還剩51頁未讀， 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1Oncology:BasicConceptsStudent’sStudyGuide1Oncology:BasicConceptsStude2WhatisONCOLOGY?Anarea/branchofmedicinethatdealswiththestudyandtreatmentofcancer.

Onco=onkos(Greek)=tumor-logy=studyofONCOLOGIST=specialistinOncology2WhatisONCOLOGY?3WhatisCANCER?Itreferstoagroupofdiseasescharacterizedbyuncontrolledgrowthandspreadofabnormalcells(AmericanCancerSociety–ACS).1.Theystopgrowingwhentheycomeincontactwitheachother.2.Theystayinthesameorgan.Normalcellbehavior3WhatisCANCER?Itreferstoa4CANCERCELLSCancercellskeepsondividingandgrowing.Theyproducemassesoftissueknownastumorsorneoplasms.(Uncontrolledgrowth)Finally,theyalsospreadtootherorgans(metastasis)NEOPLASIA:

Theprocessofabnormalanduncontrolledgrowthofcells(NEOPLASTIC=adj)4CANCERCELLSCancercellskeep5EXAMPLESOFCANCERbreastcancerprostatecancerlungcanceresophagealcancergastriccancercolorectalcancer5EXAMPLESOFCANCERbreastcanc6WHATCAUSESCANCER?CARCINOGEN(CARCINOGENIC-Adj)asubstanceoragentthatcausescancerHOW?BycausingPERMANENTandIRREPARABLE(cannotberepaired)damageinthegeneticmaterial.GENETICMUTATION(mutation=change)6WHATCAUSESCANCER?CARCINOGEN7aONCOGENES–genesthatcancausecancerSUPPRESSORGENES-genesthatcanstopcancer7aONCOGENES–genesthatcan8CANCERCELLS1.Mayberepaired2.Celldies3.CelliskilledIfnot…PERMANENT

continuetogrowinvadeothertissuesororgansthen…8CANCERCELLS1.Mayberepaire9TYPESOFTUMORSBenignMalignant(cancerormalignancy)11223.haveacapsule(encapsulated)3.nocapsule(that’swhytheyspread)4.cellsareanaplastic(immature)anaplasia–hasnotundergoneG&D4.cellsareusuallydiffentiated(mature)differentiation–G&D9TYPESOFTUMORSBenignMalignan10TypesofMalignantTumors/CancerCARCINOMACELLSTHATCOVEREXTERNALANDINTERNALSURFACES(EPITHELIALCELLS)LUNGBREASTCOLONSARCOMASUPPORTINGANDSOFTTISSUESOFTHEBODYBONE,CARTILAGEMUSCLEFATLYPHOMASOLIDCANCERSOFTHETISSUESOFTHEIMMUNESYSTEM(DEFENSESYSTEM)LYMPHNODES(淋巴腺,)LEUKEMIACANCEROFTHEBLOODCELLSWHITEBLOODCELLS10TypesofMalignantTumors/C11NAMINGTUMORSORGANAFFECTEDBENIGNMALIGNANTAddthesuffix-OMADependsontheclassificationSecretoryepithelium(gland)ADENOMAADENOCARCINOMABONESKELETALMUSCLESMOOTHMUSCLEOSTEOMARHABDOMYOMALEIOMYOMAOSTEOGENICSARCOMARHABDOMYOSARCOMALEIOMYOSARCOMALYMPHNODESHODGKIN’SLYMPHOMABLOODGRANULARNONGRANULAR-MYELOGENOUSLEUKEMIA-LYMPHOBLASTICLEUKEMIA11NAMINGTUMORSORGANAFFECTEDB12EFFECTSOFTUMORS/CANCER1213EFFECTSOFBENIGNTUMOR

CompressionObstructionDeformityTheyddonotspread.Effectsareusuallynotfatal.cystichygroma13EFFECTSOFBENIGNTUMORComp14EffectsOfMalignantTumors(1)PhysicaleffectsCompressionObstructionDeformity14EffectsOfMalignantTumors15EffectsOfMalignantTumors(2)poornutrition(cancercellsstealthenutrientsfromthebody)wasting(cachexia)getssickeasily15EffectsOfMalignantTumors16EffectsOfMalignantTumors(3)DamagetootherorgansDifferentsymptomswillappeardependingontheorganaffected.hematogenous(blood)lymphatic(lymphnodes)Malignanttumorsareusuallyfatal.16EffectsOfMalignantTumors17DETECTINGTUMORS

17DETECTINGTUMORS

18Cancer’sSevenWarningSignals(ACS)C

ChangeinbowelorbladderhabitsA

AsorethatdoesnothealU

UnusualbleedingordischargeT

Thickeningorlumpinthebreastor

elsewhereI

IndigestionordifficultyinswallowingO

ObviouschangeinawartormoleN

NaggingcoughorhoarsenessNote:highlyunspecific,diagnosisofabenigntumorismoreprobable18Cancer’sSevenWarningSigna19EXAMPLESOFHOWTODETECTTUMORSBYPHYSICALEXAMINATIONBreastExamDigitalRectalExam19EXAMPLESOFHOWTODETECTTU20LABORATORYPROCEDURESX-raycomputedtomography(CTscan)ultrasoundImagingstudiesmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)20LABORATORYPROCEDURESX-rayc21VISUALIZATIONPROCEDUREScoloncancerbronchial/lungcancerscopy–endoscopicexamscope–instrumentused21VISUALIZATIONPROCEDUREScolo22BiochemicalStudiesSometumorsreleasesubstances(enzymes)Intobodyfluids(blood,urine).Doctorsdeterminethelevelofthesesubstancestodetecttumors/statespecificantigen(prostatecancer)22BiochemicalStudiesSometumo23BiopsyandHistopathologicExaminationNOTE:ABIOSYwithHISTOPATHOLOGICSTUDIESisthegoldstandardfordiagnosingcancer/tumors.(Goldstandard=thebestorno.1)(determinestheGRADEofthetumor/cancer)HistopathologicexamTissuesampling23BiopsyandHistopathologicE24GRADINGOFTUMORSGRADE–howmaturethecellsareDIFFERENTATION–growthanddevelopmentofthecells

Differentiated(mature)goodprognosisundifferentiatedoranaplastic(immature)badprognosisGleason’scriteriaisusedtogradeprostatecancer.24GRADINGOFTUMORSGRADE–how25STAGINGOFTUMORSSTAGE–tellsushowfarthetumorhasgrownandspreadTNMClassificationT–TUMORgrowthN–involvementoflymphnodesM–metastasisSubscripts:IS–insitu(initsplace)1-4=growthorinvolvementT1NoMoT4N2M125STAGINGOFTUMORSSTAGE–tel26TREATMENTFORCANCERRadiotherapyChemotherapySurgeryMultimodality(Multi–many)(modes–methods/ways)26TREATMENTFORCANCERRadiothe27HospiceCare-endoflifecarefortheterminallyill27HospiceCare28THANKYOU!28THANKYOU!29Oncology:BasicConceptsStudent’sStudyGuide1Oncology:BasicConceptsStude30WhatisONCOLOGY?Anarea/branchofmedicinethatdealswiththestudyandtreatmentofcancer.

Onco=onkos(Greek)=tumor-logy=studyofONCOLOGIST=specialistinOncology2WhatisONCOLOGY?31WhatisCANCER?Itreferstoagroupofdiseasescharacterizedbyuncontrolledgrowthandspreadofabnormalcells(AmericanCancerSociety–ACS).1.Theystopgrowingwhentheycomeincontactwitheachother.2.Theystayinthesameorgan.Normalcellbehavior3WhatisCANCER?Itreferstoa32CANCERCELLSCancercellskeepsondividingandgrowing.Theyproducemassesoftissueknownastumorsorneoplasms.(Uncontrolledgrowth)Finally,theyalsospreadtootherorgans(metastasis)NEOPLASIA:

Theprocessofabnormalanduncontrolledgrowthofcells(NEOPLASTIC=adj)4CANCERCELLSCancercellskeep33EXAMPLESOFCANCERbreastcancerprostatecancerlungcanceresophagealcancergastriccancercolorectalcancer5EXAMPLESOFCANCERbreastcanc34WHATCAUSESCANCER?CARCINOGEN(CARCINOGENIC-Adj)asubstanceoragentthatcausescancerHOW?BycausingPERMANENTandIRREPARABLE(cannotberepaired)damageinthegeneticmaterial.GENETICMUTATION(mutation=change)6WHATCAUSESCANCER?CARCINOGEN35aONCOGENES–genesthatcancausecancerSUPPRESSORGENES-genesthatcanstopcancer7aONCOGENES–genesthatcan36CANCERCELLS1.Mayberepaired2.Celldies3.CelliskilledIfnot…PERMANENT

continuetogrowinvadeothertissuesororgansthen…8CANCERCELLS1.Mayberepaire37TYPESOFTUMORSBenignMalignant(cancerormalignancy)11223.haveacapsule(encapsulated)3.nocapsule(that’swhytheyspread)4.cellsareanaplastic(immature)anaplasia–hasnotundergoneG&D4.cellsareusuallydiffentiated(mature)differentiation–G&D9TYPESOFTUMORSBenignMalignan38TypesofMalignantTumors/CancerCARCINOMACELLSTHATCOVEREXTERNALANDINTERNALSURFACES(EPITHELIALCELLS)LUNGBREASTCOLONSARCOMASUPPORTINGANDSOFTTISSUESOFTHEBODYBONE,CARTILAGEMUSCLEFATLYPHOMASOLIDCANCERSOFTHETISSUESOFTHEIMMUNESYSTEM(DEFENSESYSTEM)LYMPHNODES(淋巴腺,)LEUKEMIACANCEROFTHEBLOODCELLSWHITEBLOODCELLS10TypesofMalignantTumors/C39NAMINGTUMORSORGANAFFECTEDBENIGNMALIGNANTAddthesuffix-OMADependsontheclassificationSecretoryepithelium(gland)ADENOMAADENOCARCINOMABONESKELETALMUSCLESMOOTHMUSCLEOSTEOMARHABDOMYOMALEIOMYOMAOSTEOGENICSARCOMARHABDOMYOSARCOMALEIOMYOSARCOMALYMPHNODESHODGKIN’SLYMPHOMABLOODGRANULARNONGRANULAR-MYELOGENOUSLEUKEMIA-LYMPHOBLASTICLEUKEMIA11NAMINGTUMORSORGANAFFECTEDB40EFFECTSOFTUMORS/CANCER1241EFFECTSOFBENIGNTUMOR

CompressionObstructionDeformityTheyddonotspread.Effectsareusuallynotfatal.cystichygroma13EFFECTSOFBENIGNTUMORComp42EffectsOfMalignantTumors(1)PhysicaleffectsCompressionObstructionDeformity14EffectsOfMalignantTumors43EffectsOfMalignantTumors(2)poornutrition(cancercellsstealthenutrientsfromthebody)wasting(cachexia)getssickeasily15EffectsOfMalignantTumors44EffectsOfMalignantTumors(3)DamagetootherorgansDifferentsymptomswillappeardependingontheorganaffected.hematogenous(blood)lymphatic(lymphnodes)Malignanttumorsareusuallyfatal.16EffectsOfMalignantTumors45DETECTINGTUMORS

17DETECTINGTUMORS

46Cancer’sSevenWarningSignals(ACS)C

ChangeinbowelorbladderhabitsA

AsorethatdoesnothealU

UnusualbleedingordischargeT

Thickeningorlumpinthebreastor

elsewhereI

IndigestionordifficultyinswallowingO

ObviouschangeinawartormoleN

NaggingcoughorhoarsenessNote:highlyunspecific,diagnosisofabenigntumorismoreprobable18Cancer’sSevenWarningSigna47EXAMPLESOFHOWTODETECTTUMORSBYPHYSICALEXAMINATIONBreastExamDigitalRectalExam19EXAMPLESOFHOWTODETECTTU48LABORATORYPROCEDURESX-raycomputedtomography(CTscan)ultrasoundImagingstudiesmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)20LABORATORYPROCEDURESX-rayc49VISUALIZATIONPROCEDUREScoloncancerbronchial/lungcancerscopy–endoscopicexamscope–instrumentused21VISUALIZATIONPROCEDUREScolo50BiochemicalStudiesSometumorsreleasesubstances(enzymes)Intobodyfluids(blood,urine).Doctorsdeterminethelevelofthesesubstancestodetecttumors/statespecificantigen(prostatecancer)22BiochemicalS

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間，僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論