科技英語翻譯句子

●Ablackholeexertsastronggravitationalpullandithasnomatter.黑洞產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的吸引力,可是它沒有物質(zhì)。●Acalorieisdefinedasthequantityofheatrequiredatoneatmospheretoraisethetemperatureofonegramofwaterthrough1℃,usuallyfrom14.5℃to15.5℃.一卡路里定義為在一個大氣壓力條件下,使一克水溫度增加1℃所需要的熱量,通常是指從14.5℃t提高到15.5℃?！馎chickenisasuitablespecimenforthestudyofthegeneralexternalfeaturesofabird.雞是研究禽類外部特征的合適范例。●Acollectionofdataiscalledadataset,andasingleobservationadatapoint.一批數(shù)據(jù)叫數(shù)據(jù)集,(而單個觀測結(jié)果叫數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)?！馎computerisadevicewhichtakesinaseriesofelectricalimpulsesrepresentinginformation,combinesthem,sortsthem,analysesandcomparestheinformationwiththatstoredinthecomputer.計(jì)算機(jī)是一種裝置,該裝置接受一系列含有信息的電脈沖,對這些電脈沖進(jìn)行合并,整理,分析,并將它們與儲存在機(jī)內(nèi)的信息進(jìn)行比較?！馎computerworkmanytimesmorerapidlythannervecellsinthehumanbrain.計(jì)算機(jī)工作起來比人類大腦中的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要快很多倍?！馎corkfloatingonwaterisnotsweptalongwiththewater.Rather,itmovesupanddownwiththewavemotion.漂在水面上的軟木塞沒有隨波流走。相反,它隨波上下浮動?！馎deepwound,wherethesupplyofbloodandoxygenhasbeencutoff,istheperfectplaceforcertainkindsofbacteriatogrow.深的傷口是某些種類的細(xì)菌孽生的理想場所,因?yàn)槟抢锏墓┭凸┭醣磺袛唷?譯為原因狀語從句●Adrilledholecanbemadeaccurateandsmoothbya?reamer.鉆好的孔可用鉸刀加工,使其尺寸精確,表面光滑?！馎fewpeoplewereinfectedwiththeAIDSvirusthroughbloodtransfusions.曾有少數(shù)人通過輸血傳染上艾滋病毒?！馎flywheelstoresenergyandevensoutfluctuationsinthespeedoftheengine.飛輪可儲存能量,因此可使發(fā)動機(jī)的速度波動平穩(wěn)下來?！馎forceinvolvesdirectionaswellasmagnitude.一個力不僅有大小,而且有方向?！馎liquidismadetocirculatethroughpipesintherefrigerator,pickingupheatfromthefood.是某種液體在冰箱的管子中環(huán)流,從而帶走食物中的熱量?！馎materialobjectcannothaveaspeedgreaterthanthespeedoflight.一個物體的速度絕不會超過光速?！馎milkywhitefluidcalledlymphcarriesimpuritiesandwasteawayfromthetissuesandpassesthroughgland-likestructuresspacedthroughoutthelymphaticsystemthatactasfilteringvalves.淋巴,一種乳白色的液體,把(人體各組織內(nèi)的雜質(zhì)和代謝廢物帶走,并通過腺狀結(jié)構(gòu)——這些腺狀結(jié)構(gòu)分布在所有的淋巴系統(tǒng)內(nèi)——起著過濾網(wǎng)的作用?！馎newtypeofcarisnowbeingdevelopedpoweredbyanhydrousammonia.目前正在研制一種新型的以無水氨作為動力的汽車?！馎pilotmayhavecrossedsomanytimezones,andtakensomanyirregularbreaks,thathehimselfdoesnotknowwhennaturalnightis.飛行員可能越過很多時區(qū),無規(guī)律的休息過許多次,因此連他們自己也不知道什么時候是他們的自然夜間。(when引導(dǎo)賓語從句●Apolymerisasubstanceofhighmolecularweight,wellabovethesizeofthecompoundsconsideredsofar.聚合物是一種高分子的物質(zhì),其大小遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出迄今所提到的各種化合物?！馎portisaharborwiththenecessaryterminalfacilitiestospeedupthemovingofcargoandpassengers.港口是船只停泊處,有各種必要的終端設(shè)備以加速客貨流通?！馎powerreactorhasnoneedofair,fortheheatgeneratedintheuraniumpileistheresultofunclearfission,notofcombustion.動力反應(yīng)堆不需要空氣,因?yàn)樵阝櫠阎挟a(chǎn)生的熱室核裂變而不是燃燒的結(jié)果。●AsecondpanelthatwillvisusllydisplayanyalarmconditioninthebuildingcanbeprovidedintheMechanicalSystemControlOffice.機(jī)械系統(tǒng)控制辦公室有另一個儀表板,將清楚地顯示樓內(nèi)的任何險(xiǎn)情?！馎specialfundhasbeensetuptohelpthesenationsusenewchemicalsandtechnology.已經(jīng)建立了特殊基金資助這些國家使用新的化學(xué)品和新技術(shù)?！馎substancewhichconsistsentirelyofthesamekindofatomsiscalledanelement.完全由同一種原子構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)稱為元素。●Avaluableinstrumentmaybedamagedbeyondrepairinafewsecondofcarelessness.由于疏忽大意,重要的儀表可在幾秒之內(nèi)被損壞到無法修復(fù)的程度?！馎wavemodelisconsideredasagoodmodelofthewayinwhichlightbehaves.波動模型是說明光的性能的一個很好的模型。(省譯了isconsidered●Awiderrangeofmonitorsizesissoughtafterthaneverbefore.與以前相比,人們追求更大范圍的不同的顯示器尺寸?！馎bout20kilometersthick,thisgiantumbrellaismadeupofalayerofozonegas.地球的這一巨型保護(hù)傘由一層臭氧組成,其厚度約為20公里?！馎ccordingtotheperiodictable,thereseemtobestillsomeelementsundiscovered.根據(jù)周期表,似乎還有一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素?！馎cidrain,ozone,andotherconsequencesofthesepollutantsareaffectingplantandanimallife.酸雨、臭氧和這些污染引起的其他后果正影響著植物和動物的生存。●Administrativepersonnelshouldbemathematicallyinformediftheyaretomakewisedecision.管理人員要做出明智的決策,就應(yīng)該懂得數(shù)學(xué)?！馎dversetoiron,mercuryisinaliquidstateatordinarytemperature.水銀與鐵不同,在常溫下是液態(tài)。(省譯了in●Aerodynamicsismyfieldofresearch.我的研究領(lǐng)域是空氣動力學(xué)。(主表倒譯●Afterallitsmerits,thealloydoesnotmeasureuptotherequirements.這種合金盡管有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但還是不符合要求?！馎fterthespringhasbeenclosedtoitssolidheight,thecompressiveforceisremoved.彈簧被壓縮到并緊高度之后,就沒有壓力了。●Afterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.戰(zhàn)后,這項(xiàng)知識大量地應(yīng)用于研制計(jì)算機(jī)?！馎llmater,solid,gaseousorliquid,ismadeupofextremelytinyparticlescalledmolecules.一切物質(zhì),不論是固態(tài),氣態(tài)還是液態(tài)都是由及其微小的叫做分子的粒子所構(gòu)成的?！馎llofthechargesresidedonthesurfaceoftheconductor.全部電荷都分布在道題表面?！馎lloftheinformationnecessarytobuildawholeorganismresideswithinasinglecell.成長為整個生物體所需的全部信息都存在于一個細(xì)胞內(nèi)?！馎llthatcanbedoneistoconvertenergyfromoneformintoanother.只能把能量從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種形式。●Allthatweknowasvitamins,andhormonesaswellasdeadlypoisonsareallsortoforganicchemicals.我們所熟知的維生素、荷爾蒙以及致命毒藥都是有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)?！馎llthesoundsarefedintoacomputerandanalyzed.把所有的聲音輸進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行分析。●Allthesefactorsplayakeyroleinformulationofthemodel.在擬定模型時,所有這些因素都將起到關(guān)鍵性的作用?！馎llowance,whichissometimesconfusedwithtolerance,hasanaltogetherdifferentmeaning.“余量”盡管有時和“公差”這個詞相混淆,但“余量”這個詞卻有著完全不同的含義。(非限制性定語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為讓步狀語從句●Althoughtheproblemiscomplicated,anapproximationmaybeobtainedbydeterminingthequalitativeandquantitativecompositionofsubstances.雖然問題比較復(fù)雜,單雙通過定性、定量地測定物質(zhì)的成分,則可以近似求解?！馎luminumisalight,malleableandductilemetal.鋁是一種重量輕,可鍛造,延展性好的金屬?！馎nenginethatconvertsheatenergyintomechanicalworkiscalledaheatengine.把熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械功的發(fā)動機(jī)稱為熱力發(fā)動機(jī)?！馎nentirediskpackmightholdaround300millionbytesorcharacters.一個整磁盤可能容納大約3億個字節(jié)或字符?！馎nincreaseinfinalvelocityisattainablebymeansofthemultistagerocket.最終速度的增加可借助多級火箭達(dá)到?！馎nincreaseintheoxygencontentofcoalby1percentreducesthecalorificvaluebyabout1.7percent.煤的含氧量每增加1%,其熱值則下降約1.7%?！馎ninsufficientsupplyofairwillpreventcompletecombustion.空氣供應(yīng)不足將會妨礙完全燃燒?！馎nyresistorstoressomeenergyinitsmagneticfield.任何一個電阻器都能夠把一部分能量儲存于磁場中?！馎saresult,computerhavebecomesmaller,faster,andcheaper.其結(jié)果是計(jì)算機(jī)變得體積小。速度快,價(jià)格便宜?！馎sdescribedabove,thelaserbeamismuchmorepowerfulthanotherlightbeams.如上所述,激光束比其他光束要強(qiáng)烈的多。●Asfarasawholeisconcerned,thebodyiselectricallyneutral,whenthetotalnumberofprotonsequalsthetotalnumberofelectrons.當(dāng)質(zhì)子總數(shù)等于電子的總數(shù)時,這個物體就整體而言是電中性?！馎sfarastheimagegoes,theelectronmicroscopeisanalogoustotheordinaryopticalmicroscope.電子顯微鏡就成像而論,與普通光學(xué)顯微鏡相似?！馎sheisaskillfuloperator,hewouldworkonboththeboilerandturbo-generator.作為熟練的操作人員,他應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠運(yùn)行蒸汽爐和渦輪式發(fā)電機(jī)。●Asisnotedintheprecedingsection,twoessentialelementsofanycomputerareamemoryandaprocessor.正如前一節(jié)指出的那樣,任何計(jì)算機(jī)的兩個基本單元是儲存器和處理器?！馎sisverynatural,abodyatrestwillnotmoveunlessitisacteduponbyaforce.靜止的物體沒有外力作用,就不會移動,這是很自然的?！馎ssoonas用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,可譯為“一??就”、“一旦??就”等。如:●Asthenatureofthesoiloftenvariesconsiderablyonthesameconstructionsite,thecapacityofthesoiltosupportloadsalsovaries.即便在同一施工現(xiàn)場,由于地基的性質(zhì)有很大差異,土體的承載力也不相同?！馎sthespeedofneutronsisreduced,theybecomethermalneutrons.由于中子減速,它們變?yōu)闊嶂凶??！馎swehavementionedabove,coalproductionanduseisaccompaniedbyseriousenvironmentalproblems.正如我們上面所提到的,煤炭的生產(chǎn)和使用伴隨有嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境(污染問題?！馎s引導(dǎo)的比較從句很多情況下不能按以上的固定格式翻譯,經(jīng)常要根據(jù)需要靈活翻譯。如:●Atanypointintimetheslavecomputerismirroringtheprocessingofmastercomputer.從屬計(jì)算機(jī)隨時都在反應(yīng)主計(jì)算機(jī)的處理過程?！馎tthesametime,theinfantmortalitywas40percentlowerthanthatofthe1960.同時,嬰兒的死亡率比1960年降低了40%。●Atthiscriticaltemperature,changesbegintotakeplaceinthemolecularstructureofthemetal.在這種臨界溫度時,金屬的分子結(jié)構(gòu)開始發(fā)生變化。(譯為主語●Atomicpowerstationsneedverylargeamountsofwatertocontinuallyremoveunwantedbeat.核電站需要大量的水來不斷派出廢熱?！馎utomaticmachines,havingmanyadvantages,canonlydothejobstheyhavebeentoldtodo.自動化機(jī)器雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它們只能干人們吩咐它們要干的事。(譯為讓步狀語從句●Automationisnotthesamethingasmechanization.自動化和機(jī)械化不是一回事?！馚ecauseeachgenehasitsuniquesequenceofdifferenceDNAsubunits,theprecisesequencecanberegistered.因?yàn)槊總€基因的不同的DNA副族都有自己的獨(dú)特的序列,這一精確的序列可以注冊?！馚ecauseofitssimplicity,economy,anddurability,theinductionmotorismovewidelyusedforindustrialpurposesthananyothertypeofa.c.motor,especiallyifahigh-speeddriveisdesired.與其他型號的交流電機(jī)相比,感應(yīng)電動機(jī)因其簡單、經(jīng)濟(jì)和耐用而被更廣泛地用于工業(yè),特別是需要告訴驅(qū)動時更是如此。●Beforesunshinecanbeusedasasourceofenergythestorageproblemmustbesolved.只有解決了貯存問題,陽光才能用作能源?！馚eforetheairenterstheturbine,fuelissprayedintoit.在空氣進(jìn)入渦輪之前,燃料就噴進(jìn)去了?！馚eingcheapandeffectivemakes2.4-Daverypopularweedkiller.因?yàn)閮r(jià)格便宜效力高,2.4-D成為深受歡迎的除草劑。(作主語的動名詞短語譯為原因狀語,賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語●Beingeverbulky,thesundoesnotlooklargerthanthemoonfromtheearth.雖然太陽體積如此之大,但從地球上看它并不比月球大?！馚eingspecialinstructure,thesecompoundshaveaspecialproperty,namelytheinterfacialactivity.由于結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,這些化合物具有一個特殊性質(zhì),即界面活性。●Besidesfoodandblankets,theyhadmules,picksandpans.除了帶食物和毯子之外,他們還牽著騾子,扛著鐵鍬,帶著淘金盤。●Birdsandanimalswhichhuntatnighthaveeyeswhichcontainfewornoconesatall,sotheycannotseecolors.凡是夜間覓食的飛禽走獸,因?yàn)檠劬δ[的視錐細(xì)胞數(shù)量極少或根本沒有,所以不能辨別顏色。(第二個引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which轉(zhuǎn)譯成“因?yàn)椤?表示原因●Blackholesactlikehugedrainsintheuniverse.黑洞的作用像宇宙中巨大的吸管?！馚lackholesshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.黑洞向我們展示出一個運(yùn)動規(guī)律與我們這個世界完全不同的世界,它使我們對關(guān)于空間和時間的最基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生懷疑?！馚reedingofhummingbirdstakes?placeinMayandJune.蜂鳥生育繁殖的時間是每年的五月和六月。●Bubblememoriesarenotexpensive,consumelittlepower,aresmallinsize,andarehighlyreliable.磁泡存儲器價(jià)格不高,電能消耗少,體積小,可靠性高。●Butfortheozonelayer,morepeoplewouldgetsunburns,skincancerandcataracts.如果沒有臭氧層,許多人就會患上曬斑、皮膚癌、白內(nèi)障等疾病?！馚utthatironwerebrittle,itwouldhavebeenpossibletoforgeit.要是鑄鐵不是脆的,便可以鍛造?！馚utthatyoucuttheengineimmediately,itwouldhaveburnedout.假使你不及時關(guān)掉發(fā)動機(jī),那么發(fā)動機(jī)早就壞了?！馚yconductivitywemeantheabilitytoconductanelectriccurrent.導(dǎo)電性就是指傳導(dǎo)電流的能力?！馚yconventionanatomofanelementisrepresentedbyanabbreviationoftheelement’sname.按照慣例,一種元素的原子由該元素名稱的縮寫來表示?！馚yitself,concreteisonlygoodatresistingcompression,butitfailsundertension.混凝土本身只能抗壓,不能抗拉。(省譯可under●Byrepeatedrecrystallizationaproteinusuallycanberenderedessentiallypure,inthesenseofbeingfreefromotherproteins.在不摻雜其他蛋白質(zhì)這個意義上,通過反復(fù)再結(jié)晶,可以得到基本上純凈的蛋白質(zhì)。(動名詞短語被譯為條件狀語●Bythattime,theradioactivecloudhadthinnedouttosuchanextentthatitwasnolongervisible.到那時,放射性云已稀薄到再也看不見的程度了。●Carbonburnsinoxygenorair,formingcarbondioxide.碳在氧或空氣中燃燒,便形成了二氧化碳。●Carbondioxidedoesnotburnandsupportcombustion.二氧化碳既不自然,也不助燃。●Caremustbeexercisedtopreventthermalstrainsfromintroducingspuriousoutput.必須注意防止熱應(yīng)變引起亂真輸出。(譯為謂語●Carswillbedrivenbyceramicmotorstwiceaslightasthatoftheirsteelcounterparts.汽車將采用陶瓷發(fā)動機(jī),重量僅為鋼制發(fā)動機(jī)的一半?！馽autious,able,familiar,available等。如:●Certainsweatglandsemitadistinctiveodorwhenananimalisfrightened.動物受驚嚇時,某些汗腺會放出獨(dú)特的氣味?！馛hemicalcontrolwilldomostofthingsinpestcontrol.化學(xué)防治能在病蟲害防治中起到主要作用。●Computersareofgreathelptoscientistsandengineers;thatiswhytheyarewidelyusedindifferentbranchesofscienceandengineering.計(jì)算機(jī)對科學(xué)家和工程技術(shù)人員是非常有用的,這就是計(jì)算機(jī)被廣泛應(yīng)用于科學(xué)和工程各個領(lǐng)域的原因?！馛omputescomeinawidevarietyofsizesandcapabilities.計(jì)算機(jī)大小不一,能力各異。●Considerasituationinwhichacertainpartcanbemanufacturedattherateof50partsadayonanautomaticscrewmachine.假定在自動螺絲車床上加工每一零件的生產(chǎn)率為每天50件。●Consumerscanworkbythrowingoutdataunimportanttotheoverallqualityoftheimage.壓縮程序能刪除那些對圖像整體質(zhì)量無足輕重的數(shù)據(jù)。(省譯了原來的謂語,動名詞被轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語●Contactbetweencopperandaluminumsetsupcorrosiveaction.銅與鋁的接觸引起腐蝕作用?！馛rystalmakingdidnotbecomeaseriousbusinessuntil1902.直到1902年,晶體制造才成為一個重要的行業(yè).●Curiously,Uranushasalmostnosuchexcessheat.奇怪的是天王星幾乎沒有這種多余的熱量?！馜efectsinwelds,ifany,canbedetectedbynondestructivetestingmethods.焊縫內(nèi)如有缺陷,可用無損檢驗(yàn)法探查?！馜epressingpumpsprovideanidealforchemicalapplications.壓縮泵是化工應(yīng)用的理想設(shè)備?！馜esignshouldincorporateprovisionstoavoidaccidentalcollapseofabed.在設(shè)計(jì)中要有各種預(yù)備措施以避免床層的意外崩塌?！馜espitealltheimprovements,rubbersstillhasanumberoflimitations.盡管改進(jìn)了很多,但合成橡膠仍有一些缺陷?！馜evicedminaturizationresultsinreducedcostandinimprovedperformance.器件微小型化可使成本下降、性能改善?！馜ifferentkindsofpetroleumareallmixturesofhydrocarbons.各種石油產(chǎn)品都是烴混合物?！馜ifferentiationcanalsobeexpressedintermsofbiochemicalactivities.分化也可以用生化活動來表達(dá)?！馜istillationinvolvesheatingthesolutionuntilwaterevaporates,andthencondensingthevapor.蒸餾就是要把溶液加熱,直到水蒸發(fā),然后再使蒸汽冷凝。●Eachorganismowesitsexistencetogenesitcontains.每個生物有機(jī)體因其含有基因而存在。(譯為謂語●Eachtransistorintheboxisnotoutoforder.盒里的晶體管并非每一個都是壞的?！馝insteincametotheconclusionthatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight.愛因斯坦得出這樣的結(jié)論,即宇宙中的最大速度是光速?！馝insteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable,sothatthereisno“absolute”timeandspace。愛因斯坦宣稱物質(zhì)和能量可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換,因此沒有“絕對的”時間和空間?！馝instein’srelativitytheoryistheonlyonewhichcanexplainsuchphenomena.愛因斯坦的相對論是解釋這種現(xiàn)象的唯一理論。(直譯●Electriccharges,positiveandnegative,whichareresponsibleforelectricalforce,canwipeoneanotheroutanddisappear.產(chǎn)生電場力的正負(fù)電荷會相互抵消掉。(省譯了and●Electriclight,electricheatandelectricdrivingpowercanbeproducedwithoutdirtornoisewheretheyareneeded,andcanbequicklyandeasilycontrolled.電力照明、電熱以及電動力的供應(yīng)沒有灰塵和噪音,隨處都能使用,并且能迅速容易地控制。●Electricalenergyisavailablefromasimplecell.就從一節(jié)電池中便可得到電能?！馝nergyisstoredinitasaspringiscompressedorstretched.當(dāng)彈簧被壓縮或拽長時,能量便儲存在彈簧上?！馝nginerevolutionshouldnotexceedthemaximumpermissible.發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)不應(yīng)超過所允許的最大數(shù)值?！馝ngineering,whilenotabasicscience,drawsheavilyuponthescientificdisciplineswhenitgoestoanypracticalfield.雖然工程學(xué)不是一門基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),但是當(dāng)它應(yīng)用于任何一個世紀(jì)領(lǐng)域時,都會大量的使用許多學(xué)科的知識?！馝venifweliveinatemperateclimate,adaymaycomewhenitrainsorsnowsallthetime.即使我們生活在溫帶地區(qū),也可能會遇到一整天下雨或整天下雪的一天?！馝ventheprotectiveenvironmentisnoinsuranceagainstdeathfromlackofoxygen.即使有防護(hù)設(shè)施,也不能保證因缺氧而死亡的情況?！馝venthoughthecopperwirelooksquitemotionlesstoyourordinaryeye,thereisagreatdealofactivitygoingoninsideit.盡管從肉眼看來銅線是不動的,但它在內(nèi)部卻進(jìn)行著大量的活動?！馝veryobject,largeorsmall,hasatendencytomovetowardeveryotherobject.每一個物體,不論大小,都有向其他物體移動的傾向?！馝veryorganismidstructurallyisolatedfromitsenvironmentbysomekindofcoveringsuchasashell,askinoramembrane.每一個生物體都以某種覆蓋物,如殼體,皮膚或膜,使其與外界隔開來?！馝videntlydiffraction,aswellasinterference,isawaveproperty.顯然,衍射以及干涉都是波的特性。●Excessadhesiveshallbecarefullyremovedtopreventrunningtoothersurfaces.擦去多余的粘結(jié)劑要格外的小心,以免流到其他表面上。(動名詞作動詞賓語●Explosivehardeningprocedurestakeupwhereheattreatmentsleaveoff.不用熱處理的地方,可采用爆炸硬化法?！馞ailurecanbepreventedbyensuringthatallwiringisproperlyinsulated.防止這種事故的辦法是保證使導(dǎo)線完全絕緣?！馞arfromincreasingthereactionrate,hightemperaturesdecreaseit.高溫非但沒有提高反應(yīng)速率,反而降低速率●Fastfeedsproducelarge,thickchips.快速進(jìn)給產(chǎn)生大而厚的切屑?！馞ewbirdsremainthroughouttheyearintheplacewherefoodishardtofind.在很難找到食物的地方?jīng)]有什么鳥能常年棲息?！馞lame-sprayingisthemostversatilewaytoapplyhard-surfacecoatings.火焰噴射法是涂硬表層的最常用的方法?！馞lemingprovedthatpenicillincouldkillnotonlystaphylococcusandbacteriabutotherkindsalso.弗萊明證實(shí),青霉素不僅能殺死葡萄球菌,而且也能殺死其他種類的細(xì)菌?！馞luidsandprocesshasfoundapplicationintheproductionoflargesteelcasting.流態(tài)砂法已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大型鋼鐵鑄件。(動賓結(jié)構(gòu)●Forcertainusesthereisnometalasgoodassteel.就某種用途而言,沒有哪種金屬比得上鋼?！馞ormaximumprecision,wecanmakethethermalmeasurementsafterhissuggestion.為了獲得更高的精確度,我們可以依照他的建議進(jìn)行熱測量。●Forthepurposeofourdiscussion,letusneglectthefriction.為了便于討論,我們將摩擦力忽略不計(jì)。●Gearsareusedtoincreaseordecreasethespeedandtorqueofshafts.齒輪用來增大或減小轉(zhuǎn)軸的速度或轉(zhuǎn)速。●Genemutationisofgreatimportanceinbreedingnewwarieties.在新品種培育方面,基因突變是非常重要的?！馟iventheextraordinaryvalueofcertaingeneticmaterialsandtheirsmicroscopicsize,cantheftbefarbehind.鑒于某些遺傳物質(zhì)的價(jià)值異常高,而他們的體積極其微小,竊取基因還會為時很遠(yuǎn)嗎?●Glassandrubberarenon-conductorsorinsulators.玻璃和橡膠是非導(dǎo)體,也就是絕緣體?！馠adFranklinknownwhatweknowaboutlightninginthosedays,heprobablywouldnothaveundertakensuchadangerousexperiment.如果富蘭克林當(dāng)時與我們關(guān)于閃電知識的認(rèn)識一樣,他可能就不會進(jìn)行那種危險(xiǎn)的(風(fēng)箏試驗(yàn)了.(what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,what在該從句中作賓語●Handpickshavebeenreplacedbypneumaticpicksandelectricdrills.手鎬已被風(fēng)鎬和電鉆取而代之。●HardwheatcomesfromtheprairiezonesoftheUSandCanadahavinglimitedrainfall.硬粒小麥來自美國和加拿大的高原地區(qū),這些地區(qū)降雨量有限。●Hardlydoesthediskenterthemagneticfieldwhenastrongopposingforcetendstostopitalmostinstantly.圓盤一進(jìn)入磁場,一股相反的強(qiáng)力幾乎立即就要使它停止運(yùn)動?！馠edevelopedacomputermodelbasedonthedataaccumulatedinthesestudies.他根據(jù)研究中積累的數(shù)據(jù)研制了一個計(jì)算機(jī)模型?！馠eattransfercoefficientcomprisesconvectiveandradioactivecomponents.熱交換系數(shù)由對流和輻射兩部分組成?！馠eated,waterwillchangetovapor.水受熱后會汽化?！馠ighsteamcarbonratioswererequiredtopreventcarbonformationinthereformertubers.為了防止重整管中碳的形成,蒸氣與碳的比率需要非常高?！馠ightechnologyisprovidingvisuallyandhearingimpairedpeoplewithincreasedself-sufficiency.高科技設(shè)備在不斷增強(qiáng)視力和聽力損傷者的自理能力?！馠owenergyandmatterbehave,howtheyinteractonewiththeother,andhowwecontrolthemmakeupthesubstanceoftwobasicphysicalsciences,physicsandchemistry.能量和物質(zhì)具有什么特性,他們怎樣相互作用以及我們?nèi)绾慰刂扑麄?這就構(gòu)成了物理和化學(xué)這兩門基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容。●Humanlegveinsarerepeatedlysqueezedbythelegmusclesaspeoplewalkorrun.當(dāng)人走路或跑步時,人腿靜脈反復(fù)受到腿部肌肉擠壓?！馠umans,accordingtoDrNightingale,mostlyusethesenseoftouchasiftheywererobots.據(jù)奈廷戈?duì)柌┦靠磥?人利用觸覺多半像機(jī)器人一樣。●Ihopeitwillbefinetomorrow.我希望明天是個好天氣?！馡ceandwaterconsistofthesamesubatanceindifferentforms.冰和水由相同的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成,但形態(tài)不同?！馡falaserbeamwerenotsointense,itwouldnotbeabletomeltmetals.如果激光束不那么強(qiáng)烈,它就不能熔化金屬?！馡fametalspoonisputintoahotliquid,theendoutoftheliquidgetswarm.如果把金屬湯匙放入熱的液體中,露在液體外的一端會漸漸熱起來?！馡fonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一臺發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)生故障,另一臺便代替它發(fā)電?！馡fthebearingwerenotlubricated,theywouldrapidlyoverheat.假如軸承未加潤滑油的話,軸承很快就過熱了?！馡ftherateofthebackwardreactionbecomessignificant,theratelawsbecomemorecomplex.若逆反應(yīng)的速度變大,反應(yīng)速度的規(guī)律就會變得更復(fù)雜?！馡fthesurfaceissmooth,reflectionisregular;ifthesurfaceisrough,thereflectionisdiffuse.如果表面光滑,則反射規(guī)則:故國表面不平,則反射發(fā)散?！馡ftheturbinespeedincreases,thegovernorwillautomaticallycomeintooperation.如果渦輪機(jī)速度增大,調(diào)速器會自動開始工作?！馡ftheworkpieceisgrabbeddirectlybyhands,itwarpsduetothebodytemperature.如果用手直接抓工件,工件就會因受到體溫而發(fā)生變形?！馡ftherewerenoelectricalpressureinaconductor,theelectronflowwouldnottakeplace.導(dǎo)體上若沒有電壓,電流就不會形成。●Iftwoobjectsdifferinbrightnessbyafactorof20or30,theycannotbephotographedonthesameplate.如果兩個物體的亮度相差20或30倍,則不能拍攝在同一張底片上?！馡fwecompressagas,itbecomeshot;ifweallowittoexpand,itcools.如果我們壓縮氣體,它會變熱;如果讓它膨脹,它便會變冷?！馡fyourfinaloutputisahigh-qualityformat,youwilluselesscompressionandahigherresolution.如果你要求高品質(zhì)效果,則會選用較低的壓縮率和較高的分辨率?！馡mpuritiesproducedetrimentaleffects.雜質(zhì)會產(chǎn)生有害的影響?！馡nageneratormechanicalpowerisputinandelectricalpoweristakenout,insteadofelectricalpowergoinginandmechanicalpowercomingoutasinamotor.在發(fā)電機(jī)中是輸入機(jī)械能、輸出電能,而在電動機(jī)中則是輸入電能、輸出機(jī)械能?！馡nasensetheatmospherebearsacloseresemblancetoanocean.從某種意義上講,大氣和海洋是非常相似的?！馡nanordinarybeam,thewavesarelikethepopleinacrowdgoingtoafootballmatch,jostlingandbumpingintooneanother.在普通光束中,光波就像成群的人去觀看足球比賽一樣,互相擁擠和碰撞?！馡nanymachineinputworkeaualsoutputworldoneagainstfriction.任何機(jī)器的輸入功率都等于輸出功加上克服摩擦所做的功?！馡ncasealargeleakageofsteamoccurs,theengineefficiencywillfail.如果蒸汽大量泄漏,引擎效率將會降低。●Indevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)時,必須考慮加工的可能性?！馡nfact,thehighalloyausteniticsteelsloselittle,ifany,oftheirtoughnessuntilextremelylowtemperaturearereached.事實(shí)上,沒有達(dá)到極低的溫度前,高合金奧氏體鋼幾乎沒降低其韌性?！馡nitspurestatealuminumissoftandnotverystrong,soitisnotoftenusedinthisstate.純鋁很軟,且強(qiáng)度不高,所以不常用?！馡nlargeramounts,ozoneisunpleasantwithsstrongodorthatirritatesareeyesandlungs.大量的臭氧都帶有一種不舒服的強(qiáng)烈的氣味,對眼睛及肺部有刺激作用。(譯為定語●Inliquidthemoleculesaremuchclosertogetherthantheyareingases.在液體中,分子之間的距離比在氣體中近得多?！馡nselectingamaterial,theengineermusthaveknowledgenotonlyofwhatthematerial’spropertiesare,butalsoofhowtheyaredetermined.在選擇材料時,工程師不僅要知道材料的性能是什么,而且要知道性能是怎樣測定的。(what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,what在該句中作表語●Insuchcasesanantifrictionbearingmightbeapooranswer.這時如果用減摩軸承,可不是一種好的解決方法。(形容詞poor具有否定含義●Inthecaseofanelastoplasticstructure,itisnotpertinenttospeakforadesignstress.對一個彈塑性結(jié)構(gòu)物來說,使用設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)力這個詞就不恰當(dāng)了?！馡nthecaseofthetwirlingball,forexample,centripetalforceisappliedtotheballwhilecentrifugalforceisappliedtothestring.例如,在快速旋轉(zhuǎn)球的情況下,向心力作用于球上,而離心力作用于繩子上?！馡ncreasinglysophisticatedcomputer-controlledrobotsareenteringindustrytocutdownproductioncosts,time,andlaborrequirements.日益完善的由計(jì)算機(jī)控制的機(jī)器人正在進(jìn)入工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,用來降低生產(chǎn)成本,縮短生產(chǎn)時間,并且減少對勞動力的需求?！馡nflationcouldnotbecontrolled,butrathergotworseandworse.通貨膨脹沒有得到控制,反而越來越嚴(yán)重?！馡nspectingthefirstandlaststagesaswellastheextractioncanbecarriedoutbymeansofanendoscopewithoutdismantlingtherespectivecastings.第一級和最后一級以及抽氣口處的葉級檢查,都無需揭開有關(guān)的汽缸,可用端頭內(nèi)窺鏡來進(jìn)行?！馡nspectionprogramshelptodeterminewhentoreplaceparts.檢驗(yàn)計(jì)劃有助于確定更換零部件的時間。●Installedintheceilingofthefacilityarefully-controlledlightswhichplaytheroleofthesun.起到光照作用的全控?zé)舭惭b在這個設(shè)施的天花板內(nèi)?！馡nstructionsandmicroinstructionsdonothavethesameformat.指令和微指令的格式不同。(譯為主語●Instructionsareexecutedinthesequencetheyarestoredinmemory.指令的執(zhí)行時按照其在存儲器中的存儲順序進(jìn)行的。●Insulatorsarebynomeanslessimportantthanconductors.絕緣體的重要性絕不亞于導(dǎo)體。●Italsomakesiteasierforpeopletogetinvolvedinthedevelopmentprocess.人們也更容易參與其開發(fā)過程。●Itbecamepossibletotreatthevacuumdeviceasacircuitelement.可以把真空器件當(dāng)做電路元件來處理.(介賓短語作謂語●Itfollowsthatradarisanelectronicsystemforlocatingaircraftofcloudpatterns.由此可見,雷達(dá)是用來測定飛機(jī)位置或運(yùn)行位置的電子系統(tǒng)?！馡tgoeswithoutsayingthatagricultureengineeringinvolvesboththenaturalsciencesandthebiologicalsciences.不言而喻,農(nóng)業(yè)工程包括自然科學(xué)與生物學(xué)?！馡thasbeenfoundthatthecurrentmechanisminsemi-conductorsisentirelydifferentfromthatinmetalconductors.人們發(fā)現(xiàn),辦法歐體的電流原理與金屬導(dǎo)體的電流原理完全不同?！馡thasbeenproposedthatradioactivewastesbedepositedinabandonedsaltwines.有人建議將放射性廢物存放在廢棄的鹽礦中?！馡tisasuccesstoreplacesteamwithmercuryvapor.用水銀蒸氣代替水蒸汽(的實(shí)驗(yàn)是成功的?！馡tisbelievedthattheoriginaloxygenwasformedbytheseparationofwaterintohydrogenandoxygenmoleculesintheupperatmosphere.人們認(rèn)為最初的氧是由高層大氣中的水分離為氫和氧分子而形成的?！馡tisdesirabletoperformthegascleaningstepswhilethegasifierisstillhot.在汽化器里。當(dāng)氣體仍然熱著時實(shí)施氣體凈化非常有必要?！馡tiseasytomanufacturesomepartonautomaticscrewmachine.在自動螺絲床上加工某一零件很容易?！馡tiseightfeetsquare.八英尺見方?！馡tisforbiddentodismantleitwithoutpermissionsoastoavoidanyapplications.嚴(yán)禁拆卸,以免損壞該設(shè)備的零件●Itisimportantthattheproportionsofairandfueldrawnintothecylinderarecorrect.進(jìn)入氣缸中的空氣和燃料的比例要合適,這一點(diǎn)很重要?！馡tisimportanttorealizethetwopointsaboutforgingandpressing.弄清鍛壓的這兩個要點(diǎn)是重要的?！馡tisinterestingthatEinstein’stheoryprovidedabasisfortheideaofblackholesbeforeastronomersstartedtofindsomeevidencefortheirexistence.有趣的是愛因斯坦的理論為關(guān)于黑洞的想法提供了依據(jù)后,天文學(xué)家才開始尋找黑洞存在的證據(jù)?！馡tisknowntoallthatmathematicsisthebasisofallotherscience.大家都知道,數(shù)學(xué)是所有其他科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)?！馡tislateautumnnow.現(xiàn)在是深秋?！馡tisnaturalthatphysicsshouldhaveacontinuinginfluenceonphilosophy.物理學(xué)不斷地對哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生影響,這是很自然的?！馡tisnecessarythatthephotoconductorbeshieldedbothfromtheheatandfromdirectlight.必須將光電導(dǎo)體與熱源隔離開來,并避免光線的直接照射。(that引導(dǎo)主語從句●Itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweenthetemperatureofabodyanditsheat.將物體的溫度和熱量區(qū)分開來是必要的。(介詞短語做主語●Itisnecessarytopreventinductionmotoragainstoverloadandunder-voltage.必須保護(hù)感應(yīng)電動機(jī),防止過載和欠壓。●Itisnotalwayspossibletodistinguishthem(nonheritablevariationsfromheritablevariationswithoutperforminganexperiment.不進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)要將其(不可遺傳變異與可遺傳變異區(qū)分開來有時是不可能的。(動名詞作介詞賓語●Itisnotuntilwiresareconnectedthatthepathiscompleted.直到導(dǎo)線接上后,此電路才接通?！馡tisoftendesirabletoknowwhichconductorofahousepowerlineishot.常常需要知道住宅內(nèi)的電線哪一根是火線。(which引導(dǎo)賓語從句●Itispossibletodifferentiatethesereactionsowingtotheirdifferenceinintensity.因?yàn)榉磻?yīng)的強(qiáng)度不同,所以要把它們區(qū)分開來時完全可能的。●Itispreferabletostartthepumpwiththedischargevalueopen.啟動水泵時,最好開著排水閥。●Itistenmetersinlength.長度為十米。●Itisthesedrawbackswhichneedtobeeliminatedandwhichhaveledtothesearchfornewprocesses.正是因?yàn)檫@些缺點(diǎn)需要加以消除,才導(dǎo)致了對新方法的探求?！馡tisunknowntouswhentheybegantomaketransportabletransformers.他們是什么時候開始制造移動式變壓器的我們還不知道。(when引導(dǎo)主語從句●Itisunknownwhythepolymerconsistsofalternatesingleanddoublebonds.為什么這種聚合物由單雙鍵交替構(gòu)成尚不清楚。(why引導(dǎo)主語從句●Itisusualforexperimenterstotake5%asastandardlevelofsignificance.實(shí)驗(yàn)者通常把5%看做是一個重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量。(介賓短語作謂語●Itiswell-knownthatamovingelectricalchargegeneratesacircularmagneticfieldarounditspath.眾所周知,運(yùn)動中的電荷在其路途的周圍產(chǎn)生一個環(huán)形磁場?！馡tiswidelyacknowledgedthatthesematerialscanwithstandstrongstressandhightemperature.普遍認(rèn)為,這些材料能承受強(qiáng)大應(yīng)力和高溫?！馡tmattersmuchtoefficiencywherethemachineissetup.機(jī)器到底安裝在什么地方對效率關(guān)系極大。(where引導(dǎo)主語從句●Itmattersmuchtoefficiencywherethemachineissetup.機(jī)器到底安裝在什么地方與效率關(guān)系極大?！馡tmeansthatthemassofthecometcannothaveamountedtoasmuchasoneten-thousandthoftheearth.這表明,這顆彗星的質(zhì)量甚至不到地球質(zhì)量的萬分之一?！馡tmightbethoughtthatcarbondioxidewouldaccumulateintheatmosphere,butthisisnotthecase.人們可能會認(rèn)為二氧化碳在大氣中會越級越多,但事實(shí)并非如此?！馡tremainstobeseenifnuclearfusionwillbeeverbecomeapracticalpowersource.核聚變是否會成為一種實(shí)用的能源,還需拭目以待。(if引導(dǎo)主語從句●Itremainsunknownwhetherthesefaultscanbecorrected.這些缺陷是否可以排除還不清楚。(whether引導(dǎo)主語從句●Itshouldbeemphasizedthatthelaserisinnosenseanenergysource.應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)指出,激光器并不是一個能源。(譯為無主句●Itshouldberealizedthatmagneticforcesandelectricforcesarenotthesame.應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到,磁力和電力是不同的●Ittakestimebeforeozone-depletingchemicalcanbetotallyeliminated.要徹底清除消耗臭氧的化學(xué)品還需要時間?！馡twasnotuntil1948thatthetransistorwasinvented.直到1948年才發(fā)明晶體管?！馡twasnotuntilMadameCuriediscoveredradiumthatpeoplehaveideaofwhatradioactivitywas.直到居里夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳以后,人們才開始了解放射性?！馡t,too,wassomethingwhichwascompletelyatvariancewiththeknownlawsofnature.那同樣完全不符合當(dāng)時已知的自然法則?！馡t’simportanttolearnwhentheenvironmentisnotgoodforplantsandanimals,itisnotgoodforman.懂得當(dāng)環(huán)境不利于動植