高考英語完型填空解題技巧

11高考英語完型填空解題技巧概述完形填空主要考查考生的思維邏輯性，也就是考生的觀察、比較、分析、推斷、歸納、建構(gòu)、辨識、評價、創(chuàng)新等思維水平和能力。其基本命題形式是給考生一篇語句連貫的短文,命題人有目的地在每隔一定數(shù)量的詞語后去除一處詞語，形成總共20處詞語空缺，然后在相應(yīng)的空缺處設(shè)置包括三個干擾項(xiàng)在內(nèi)的四個備選答案，需要考生從四個選項(xiàng)中選出一個最佳的答案。體裁題材完形填空的體裁主要以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主，主題語境包括人與自我、人與社會及人與自然，選材都是積極向上、充滿正能量的文章，倡導(dǎo)至真至善至美的價值觀。考查重點(diǎn)高考完形填空著重考查語義關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系，主要測試考生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和句、段間內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確判斷和選擇符合上下文語義和用法的動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞或短語。選項(xiàng)不考查語法方面的知識點(diǎn)，盡量保證四個選項(xiàng)都與句中某關(guān)鍵詞搭配。正確答案的得出是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系選項(xiàng)設(shè)置從以上統(tǒng)計(jì)可以看出，高考完形填空平均18句左右，一般說來，每句設(shè)置一個空格，少數(shù)句子設(shè)置兩個空格，高考試題不再出現(xiàn)兩空之間的間隔少于5個的情況的設(shè)空，高考完形填空重在考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等4大實(shí)詞。近年來，選項(xiàng)設(shè)置也不強(qiáng)求完全一致，如四個選項(xiàng)中，單詞和短語共存。設(shè)空分類高考完形填空的設(shè)空可分為三類：前制性設(shè)空：后制性設(shè)空；語篇性設(shè)空.一般而言,前制性設(shè)空難度低，后制性設(shè)空難度較高，語篇性設(shè)空難度最高。從近年來的高考試題看,語篇層次設(shè)空的比例有所增加，反映出“突出語篇”的命題思路，［解題口訣］完形填空本不難，把握主旨最關(guān)鍵。首句特別要重視，信息豐富莫小看?？碱}在手先別忙，急于做題太慌亂。從頭到尾讀全文，空格暫且放一邊。腦中形成一幅畫,縱使有誤也正常,若不清楚重來過,畢竟目標(biāo)在高分,解題的4大策略腦中形成一幅畫,縱使有誤也正常,若不清楚重來過,畢竟目標(biāo)在高分,解題的4大策略緊扣中心不走偏。不會連錯一大片。這樣不算費(fèi)時間。符合正確效率觀。一要先帶空閱讀二要不急于看選項(xiàng)三要具備完形填空思維4四要學(xué)會把自己帶入語境一要先帶空閱讀二要不急于看選項(xiàng)三要具備完形填空思維4四要學(xué)會把自己帶入語境如果你壓根沒將文章.就去看選項(xiàng).那這個時候你的頭血就會潛意識地被這些選項(xiàng)所在右，并加深了保對它們的印象。接著你再去下文章，就會造成單詞逗著你把它帶入文章的現(xiàn)象，這樣會嚴(yán)重擾亂你的思維6可能有的考生因?yàn)榭偸窍瓤催x項(xiàng)，把完形都做完以后還一頭零水，不知道這修文章到咋講了什么。完形填空是很多考生心里的痛，可能后時候整籬文章描覺得能讀冗?但是就是做不全對。為什么會這林？主要因?yàn)闆]有“完形填空思維二什么叫“完形填空用維用即完形填空的答案要么來自文章的原詞原句，要么根據(jù)文言的原詞原句推出來，只有這兩個依據(jù)！近幾年，高考完形填空主要考查記敘文和夾敘夾議文.這類文章除了考查考生的語言知識之外.更注重考查考生理解文章主跑和感情色彩的能力,因此在解題時，不僅耍讀俅全文意思,還應(yīng)卷試把自己帶入語境?進(jìn)行角色曲人，設(shè)身處地地理解文章感情色彩?把自己帶人所敘述的場景。解題的6個微技能做完形填空主要是找到文中的解題線索和依據(jù)。完形填空做得不好，從客觀上講是無法把握文章中心,不能在文章中找到線索:從主觀上講是有些考生缺乏從文章中找線索的意識,不懂如何從文中找到相應(yīng)的解題線索。因此做題時一定要找到解題線索和依據(jù)。微技能一利用詞匯線索解題詞匯線索主要是詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)和詞語同現(xiàn)。詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞（如decide與determine）x同源詞（如ill與illness）上下義詞（如rose是flower的下義詞，flower是rose的上義詞）、反義詞（如wrong與right）等方式在同一語篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是語篇銜接的一個重要手段。我們可以借助這一銜接手段解答完形填空題。詞語同現(xiàn)是指某些語義相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語在語篇中有同時出現(xiàn)的傾向性，也有人將相關(guān)聯(lián)的一群詞稱之為“詞場二同現(xiàn)詞之間有反義或相對關(guān)系，或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等。如ill,hospital,doctor,nurse,operation,medicine,patient等一群相互關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語就有同時出現(xiàn)在一個語篇中的可能性。L原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)［示例］（2019?全國卷I）However,Isoon45.discoverthatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47.cleanmountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.46.A.equipment B.grass C.campsD.stones分析：本題可以利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。聯(lián)系下文中的withtoiletsatcamps可知，這里報道的是營地（camp）。此處選擇C項(xiàng).2?同/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)learningfromoneofthegame's46.1couldhardlywaitto47.meethim.46.A.fastest B.easiestC.bestD.rarest分析：本題為典型的考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目，可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題CHewasaninternationalgrandmaster（他是國際大師） |口 1好的選手）通過上面對本空前后文已知信息的分析，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文是明顯的因果關(guān)系，再結(jié)合語義，答案可以確定為C項(xiàng)。2.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系［示例］（2019?全國卷IH）The3,500residentscannotall56.enjoythesunshineatthesametime.57,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenougliforthetown's58.sun-starvedresidents.57.A.Instead B.However C.GraduallyD.Similarly分析：本題可以利用轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解題?？涨疤岬骄用癫荒芡瑫r享受陽光，空后說，新光線對小鎮(zhèn)居民而言感覺綽綽有余，由此可知，前后語義為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填however（然而）。故選Bo3.對比關(guān)系［示例］（2017?全國卷【）Thcfollowingterm,I56.registeredforanASLclass.Thibited.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave59.causcdustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60.newwayofcommunicationitopens.58.A.LastlyB.Thus C.Instead D.However分析：根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，作者很快意識到無聲并非是不愉快的，相反（Instead）,如果有任何談話的話，會導(dǎo)致作者他們學(xué)習(xí)得更少。所以，前后文是對比關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。Instead“相反地"：Lastly"最后，終于“：Thus“因此"：However“然而4.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系［示例］（2018?全國卷I）Inorderto5O.passtheclass,amongothercriteria>wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51.applywhatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52,toourlives.52.A.eventuaIly B.naturallyC.directlyD.normally分析：第一層：為了通過這門課程，我們得寫一篇論文，在論文中我們要說明如何把在課堂上學(xué)到的東西“應(yīng)用至『'未來的職業(yè)中去：第二層：“最終”應(yīng)用到自己的生活中去。結(jié)論：第一、二層之間為“遞進(jìn)”關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。5,讓步關(guān)系

［示例］(2018?全國卷1m11€1,evenifIweren't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44.instnictorwasappealingenoughtome.43.A.excited B.worriedn讓步j(luò)And.evenifIwcren'l13enoughaboutfreecredits（n讓步j(luò)ncwsaboutour11.inslruclorwasappealingenoughiome.（授課老師的消息也足以吸引我）微技能三利用首句線索解題從歷年的試題可以看出，完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，且首句通常是個完整的句子。這個句子往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句，它是了解全文的窗口。因此，考生要注重細(xì)讀首句，并據(jù)此來判斷文章的體裁和題材，推斷后文內(nèi)容，并且首句內(nèi)容往往是第一題的關(guān)鍵信息。［示例］（2019?全國卷I）Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They41withthemlotsofwaste.41.A.ke叩 B.mixC.connectD.bring分析：本題可以利用首句線索解題。根據(jù)第一句"Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttochmbKilimanjaro…”可知，每年大約有4萬人試圖攀登乞力馬扎羅山，所以他們攀登的時候帶來（bring）了很多垃圾。故選D項(xiàng)。微技能四利用語境線索解題在完形填空的短文中常常設(shè)置前后互相暗示的考題。這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說前面的某些填空從當(dāng)時的情況來看，或是線索不清，或是語境不明，無法填出，但只要我們繼續(xù)往后看，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在后面的某個地方有暗示。所以，在做題時一定要充分利用前后的語境線索，以提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。［示例］（2019?全國卷H）Afteralongandcareful47.search,Gregsaw,acrossafield,thedogmoving48away.Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith49.joy.Itjuststartedlicking（舔）Ehlers'face..A.cautiously B.casuallyC.skillfully D.angriiy分析：根據(jù)下文的nervousnessandfear可知，那條狗受到驚嚇，感到緊張不安和恐懼，因此當(dāng)Greg看見它的時候，它正小心謹(jǐn)慎地（cautiously）移動。答案可以確定為A項(xiàng)。微技能五利用感情線索解題在做完形填空題時，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案［示例］（2019全國卷0舊址3eventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith49.Itjuststartedlicking（舔）Ehlers1face..A.surpriseB.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety分析：根據(jù)空格前面的nervousnessandfearwerereplaced（緊張不安和恐懼被取代了）以及后面的“ItjuststartedlickmgEhlers,face.（它就開始舔Ehlers的臉）”可知，它的不安和恐懼被快樂（joy）取代。答案可以確定為B項(xiàng)。微技能六利用常識線索解題高考完形填空提供了相對完整的語篇信息，但其間滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識和常識?？忌谧鲱}時可充分利用社會文化知識和生活常識來進(jìn)行分析判斷，以節(jié)省寶貴的時間,順理成章地選出正確的答案。［示例］（2017?全國卷【）The46.storvbeganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48.ideaofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking49.attractedme.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe50.Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.47.A.recordcdB.performedC.recitedD.discussed50.A.endB.pastC.courseD.distance51.A.showingB.actingC.sayingD.wanting分析：47題選B,50題選B,51題選D。這三個題可以利用生活常識和文化背景解題。根據(jù)生活常識，47題應(yīng)為“我觀看ASL俱樂部通過手語表演(performed)了一首歌”；50題應(yīng)為“我所看到的與我以前的經(jīng)歷完全不同工mthepast"在過去工作者看了手語表演之后，感覺耳目一新，決定學(xué)習(xí)手語，故51題應(yīng)為“這種新奇感讓我想得到(wanting)更多工課后練習(xí)Exerdse(一)AfterIgraduatedfromcollegeIstruggledtohuntforajob.I1everywherebutnoonewasinterestedinhiringme.2Ifoundajobinagrouphomeformentallydisabledadults.Itwasn't3work.Indailylifewewere.4thefeeding,dressingandsafetyofourclients(客戶).Wehadtohelpthemonascheduleandhelpthemtocontroltheir5whentheyactedouttheiremotions.ItwasadifficultjobemotionallyandIreallywasn'treadyforitIdidn't6goingtoworkeachday.OneofourclientswasayoungmanwhocouIdiVttalk.Whenhewas7hewouldoftenactitout.Hedid8walkingoutside,however,9theotherworkerswouldoftenhavemetakehimforawalkuptheroadto10himdown.Onedaywhenwewereoutwalking,I11feltsomethingtouchmyfingers.Theyoungmanwastryingto12myhand.Insteadof13itaway,Itookhishandinmineandwewalkedalongtogetherinthesunshine.Thenaswe.14toheadbacktothehomeIsawit.Therewasalightshininginhiseyes.Itwasfullof15andgoodness.AtthatmomentIsawwhohereallyis!

LittledidIknowthatGodwouldusethatexperiencetohelp16meformyowntwosonsautism（自閉癥）.Itwouldhelpmeseethe17withinthemaswell.Itwouldhelpmelearnthat18hemwasnotadutybutanhonor.Thedisabledcan19ussomuchinthislife.Theycanshowusthe20thatlieswithineachofus.Theyshowusthatlight,loveandkindnessaretheessentialpartsofourbeing.1.A.consultedB.beggedC.exploredD.applied2.A.GraduallyB.EventuallyC.HopefullyD.Naturally3.A.interestingB.dirtyC.easyD.demanding4.A.responsibleforB.worriedaboutC.strictaboutD.familiarwith5.A.mindB.behaviorC.moodD.fear6.A.relyonB.giveupC.lookforwardD.payattentionto7.A.annoyedB.excitedC.embarrassedD.satisfied8.A.opposeB.quitC.suggestD.enjoy9.A.but.B.for.C.soD.yet10.A.getB.knockC.putD.calm11.A.suddenlyB.instantlyC.constantlyD.obviously12.A.clapB.shakeC.holdD.lift13.A.throwingB.pushingC.blowingD.carrying14.A.continuedB.plannedC.pretendedD.turned15.A.joyB.respectC.surpriseD.anxiety16.A.promiseB.askC.prepareD.exchange17.A.innocenceB.lightC.luckD.energy18.A.lookingforB.thinkingaboutC.cheeringupD.caringfor19.A.teach.B.giveC.comfortD.challenge20.A.passionB.virtueC.courageD.abilityExercise（二）Thelittleboyturnedtotheoldwomannexttohim,,Granny,areyousureIdon'thaveenoughmoney?NShenodded.Thelittleboywasstill1thedollinhishand.Iwalkedtowardhim, 2whohewishedtogivethisdollto.44Sister.ShewassurethatSantaClauswouldbringadolltoher.'1ItoldhimthatmaybeSantaClauswoulddoso.Butherepliedtome3 "No,SantaClaus（圣誕老人）can'tbringittoher4sheisnow.Ihavetogivethedolltomymommysothatshecangiveittomysisterwhenshe5there.MysisterhasgonetobewithGod.DaddysaysthatMommyisgoingtoseeGodverysoontoo,6Ithoughtshecouldtakethedollwithhertogiveittomysister.Thelittleboylooked7atme/ItoldDaddytotellMommynottogoyet.IneedhertowaituntilIcomebackfromthemallJ8shedidn'thavetoleaveme,butDaddysaysthatshehastogotobewithmylittlesister.,Thenhelooked9atthedollwithsadeyes.Iquickly10formywallet.^Lefscheckagain,justincaseyoudohaveenoughmoneyforthedoll!”“OK.IhopeIdohaveenough/1Iaddedsomeofmymoneyto11withouthimseeingandwestartedtocountit.Therewasenoughforthedolland12somesparemoney/TliankyouGodforgivingmeenoughmoney!HHelookedatmeand13 ,“1wantedtohaveenoughmoneytobuyawhiteroseformyMommy,butIdidn'tdaretoaskGod14toomuch.ButHegavemeenoughtobuythedollandawhiterose.Mymommyloveswhiteroses.”15Irememberedalocalnewspaperarticletwodaysago,mentioningadiunkmaninatruckhitacar16byayoungwomanandalittlegirl.Thelittlegirl17rightawayandthemotherwas18inacriticalstate.Twodays19 thisencounter（偶然相遇）withthelittleboy,Ireadinthenewspaperthattheyoung20hadpassedaway.1.A.raisingB.holdingC.hidingD.tearing2.A.consideringB.understandingC.watchingD.asking3.A.proudlyB.hurriedlyC.sadlyD.angrily4.A.whereB.whatC.whoD.when5.A.comesB.findsC.goesD.leaves6.A.soB.forC.but.D.as7.A.downB.onC.toD.up8.A.thinkB.wishC.imagineD.find9.A.thenB.sadlyC.againD.now10.A.reachedB.lookedC.searchedD.charged11.A.myselfB.himC.his.D.them12.A.stillB.yetC.alsoD.even13.A.noddedB.addedC.laughedD.showed14.A.toB.forC.inD.on15.A.NowB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Then16.A.occupiedB.controlledC.attackedD.owned17.A.leftB.diedC.cameD.killed18.A.knockedB.treatedC.leftD.kept19.A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.before20.A.manB.girlC.boyD.womanCharlotteWhiteheadwasborninEnglandin1843,andmovedtoMontreal.Canadaattheageoffivewithherfamily.While1herilleldersisterthroughouttheyears,Charlottediscoveredshehada(n)2inmedicine.At18shemarriedand3afamily.Severalyearslater,Charlottesaidshewantedtobea4.Herhusbandsupportedherdecision.5,Canadianmedicalschoolsdidnot6womenstudentsatthetime.Therefore,CharlottewenttotheUnitedStatestostudy_attheWomen'sMedicalCollegemPhiladelphia.Ittookherfiveyearsto8hermedicaldegree.Upongraduation,Charlotte9toMontrealandsetupaprivate10.Threeyearslater,shemovedtoWinnipeg,Manitoba,andthereshewasonceagaina11doctor.Manyofherpatientswerefromthenearbytimberandrailwaycamps.Charlotte12herselfoperatingondamagedlimbsandsetting13bones,inadditiontodeliveringallthebabiesinthearea.ButCharlottehadbeenpractisingwithoutalicence.Shehad14adoctor^licenceinbothMontrealandWinnipeg,