鉆井安全操作規(guī)程中英文

1.ReevingonDrillingLine1.1OperationalRequirementsA.Pre-jobmeetingmustbeheldbeforethereevingoperationscommence.B.Directcommunicationamongallpersonnelisessentialduringthisoperation.C.Thedrawworksanchorclampassemblyonthefastlineendmustbechangedout,asawhole,eachtimeanewoneisinstalled.D.Travelingblockhangingstropsandshackle,snakeandsafetyharnessmustbeinspectedbeforethisoperationcommences.E.Allcrewmembersworkinginderrickmustwearsafetyharness.F.Avisualinspectionofthedrillinglineshallbedonebeforetheprocedurecommences.G.Checkandensurethepropersizeandspecificationsofthereplacementdrillingline.H.Avoidscrubbingthenewdrillinglineagainstthederrickandthesubstructure.I.Thenewdrillinglinemustbereevedontothedrawworksdrumundertension.J.Thenewdrillinglineshouldneverbeallowedtotouchthegroundwheredirtorsandcouldbepickedup.K.Inspectcrownsheavesforwearpriortoinstallationofdrillingline.Specialcareshouldbetakentoensurethedrillinglineisnotkinked.1.2ReevingonDrillingLinefromNewSpooltoReplaceExistingDrillingLineA.HangoffthedrillstringinslipsandinstalltheKellycock(intheopenposition,onthedrillpipe.B.Disengagethecrown-o-matic.C.Hangoffandsecurethetravelingblockwiththededicatedhang-offline.D.Cutofftheexcessdrillinglinefromtheoldstoragespoolusingthehydrauliclinecutter;leaveasufficientlengthtoattachasnaketotheolddrillingline.1.穿大繩1.1操作要求A.在穿大繩作業(yè)開始之前，必須先召開工前會(huì)。B.進(jìn)行該項(xiàng)作業(yè)時(shí)，所有人員之間的直接聯(lián)系是很重要的。C.裝在絞車滾筒上的活繩頭卡套，必須每次更換一個(gè)新的。D.在作業(yè)開始之前，必須檢查吊游車的繩套、快速卡子、蛇皮接繩器和安全帶。E.在井架上工作的所有人員，必須身戴安全帶。F.在作業(yè)開始之前，必須直觀檢查鉆井大繩。G.要檢查確認(rèn)，新大繩的尺寸和技術(shù)規(guī)范是否正確。H.要避免新大繩與井架或底座摩擦刮碰。I.新大繩必須在拉伸狀態(tài)下纏到絞車滾筒上。J.絕不能讓新大繩落地，以防沾上砂子或臟物。K.在穿大繩之前，要檢查天車滑輪的磨損情況。要特別注意不能讓大繩結(jié)紐。1.2用新大繩換舊大繩A.把鉆具坐在卡瓦上，接上處于打開狀態(tài)的方鉆桿下旋塞。B.摘掉防碰天車。C.用游車懸吊繩，把游車掛住，綁好。D.留出夠穿蛇皮接繩器的長(zhǎng)度之后，用液壓切繩器，把舊儲(chǔ)備筒上多余的大繩切掉。E.Removetheremainingdrillinglinefromtheoldstoragespool.F.Dismantlethedrivechainfromtheoldstoragedrum.G.Removetheoldstoragespoolfromtheskidandinstallthenewone.H.Thoroughlycleanthesectionsofboththenewandolddrillinglinestobesplicedwiththesnake,andremoveanygreaseoroil(thesnakelinedependsonfrictiontolock.I.Connecttheoldandthenewdrillinglineswiththesnake.Ensurethatthesnakeiscorrectlyinplaceoveritsfulllength.J.Foraddedholdingandpullingstrength,drivefournailsthroughthesnakeatbothendsofdrillingline,andwrapthesnakewithsoftwireandtapetheentirelength.K.Releasetheclampfromthedeadlineanchorandremovetheolddrillingline.L.Installthepropersizesnatchblockwithstropsatornearthedeadlineanchor.M.Insertthedrillinglinethatwasremovedfromthedeadlineanchorintothesnatchblock.N.Thederrickman,positionedatthecrownblock,istoadvisethedrillerwhenthesnakeiscomingthroughthecrownsheaves.O.Thedrillerandthederrickmanmustremaininconstantradiocontact.P.Twofloormen,locatedatthenewdrillinglinespool,aretoreeveoffthedrillinglinewithoutdelay.Q.Onefloormanshouldstandclosetothespooltoinformthedrillerwithatwo-wayradiowhenthereisnoloosedrillinglinecomingoffthespool.R.Thedrilleristoproceedcautiouslyandnotpullexcessivetensionthatcouldseparatethesnake.S.Whenallpersonnelareready,thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinforwarddriveandstartsreevinginthenewdrillingline.T.Thedrillerspoolsslowly.Note:donotover-tensionthesnakeuntilatleast9wrapsofnewdrillinglineareonthedrawworksdrum.U.Uponthedriller’sinstruction,thefloormensecureE.把多余的大繩從舊儲(chǔ)備筒上弄下來。F.卸掉舊大繩儲(chǔ)備筒上的驅(qū)動(dòng)鏈。G.把舊大繩儲(chǔ)備筒從底座上卸下來，裝上新儲(chǔ)備筒。H.徹底清洗穿蛇皮接繩器的新舊兩個(gè)大繩頭，除掉任何油脂（蛇皮接繩器依靠摩擦鎖緊）。I.用蛇皮接繩器把新舊兩個(gè)繩頭接起來。要保證把足夠長(zhǎng)的繩頭穿入接繩器內(nèi)。J.為了增加抗拉強(qiáng)度，在新舊繩頭上各釘四個(gè)釘子。然后再用鐵絲和膠帶把整個(gè)蛇皮接繩器包起來。K.卸掉死繩固定器上的卡子，取出舊大繩。L.在死繩固定器上，或在旁邊裝一個(gè)適當(dāng)尺寸的開口滑輪。M.把從死繩固定器內(nèi)取出的舊大繩裝到開口滑輪內(nèi)。N.井架工守住天車。當(dāng)蛇皮接繩器通過天車輪時(shí)，他要通知司鉆。O.司鉆和井架工必須一直通過對(duì)講機(jī)保持聯(lián)系。P.兩個(gè)鉆工看守在新大繩儲(chǔ)備筒旁邊，及時(shí)放出大繩。Q.應(yīng)當(dāng)讓一個(gè)鉆工站在大繩儲(chǔ)備筒的旁邊，當(dāng)大繩被拉緊時(shí)，他用對(duì)講機(jī)通知司鉆。R.司鉆要小心地操作，不能把大繩拉得太緊，否則會(huì)拉斷蛇皮接繩器。S.當(dāng)所有的人都就位后，司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車正轉(zhuǎn)，開始纏新大繩。T.司鉆緩慢地纏大繩。注意：不把蛇皮接繩器拉得太緊，直到在滾筒上纏滿九圈新大繩為止。U.根據(jù)司鉆示意，鉆工們把新大繩綁到絞車滾筒的一thenewdrillinglinetothesideofthedrawworks.V.Wrapthenewdrillinglineonthedeadlineanchor(2-3/4wraps.Installtheclamponthedeadlineanchorandtorqueuntilsecurelytight.W.Ensurethereisnokinkinthedrillinglinebetweenthedeadlineanchorandthedrillinglinereel.Shouldthisoccur,raisethereelandturnittoundothekink.X.Thefloormenremovethefrontguardofthedrawworksdrum.Y.Thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinreversedrive.Z.Thedrillerreevesoffthenewdrillinglinefromthedrumuntilthesnakeisreevedoff.Aa.Thefloormenthenremovethesnakefromthedrillinglines.Bb.Thedrillerreevesofftheolddrillinglinefromthedrawworkstotherigfloorordownthev-door.Cc.Whentheolddrillinglineisreevedoff,removethedrawworksanchorclamp.Dd.Afloormancleanstheendofthedrillinglineusingawirebrushanddetergentfluid.Ee.Thedrillercheckstheendofthenewdrillinglineifanydamageandanydefectivesectioniscutoff,usingahydrauliclinecutter.Ff.Feedthenewdrillingline(fastlinethroughthesideofthedrawworksdrum.Gg.Installanewdrawworksanchorclamp(bulldogclamp.Orienttheclampandensurethatitwillfitthroughtheslotonthesideofthedrawworksdrum.Note:Somedrawworksareequippedwithafixedclamponthesideofthedrum.Hh.Settheanchorclampintothedrumbymanuallypullingthenewdrillinglinebackthroughthedrum,whileafloormanisguidingitintothedrum.Ii.Releasethenewdrillinglinefromthesideofthedrawworks.Warning:ensurethatnopersonnelareinsidetheloopofthedrillinglineduringthenextstep.Jj.Thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinforwarddriveandreevesthenewdrillinglinebackontothedrawworksdrum,minimumof9wrapswiththeelevatorsontherotarytable.Note:Thedrillermustensurethatthedrillingline邊。V.把新大繩盤到死繩固定器上，纏2-3/4圈。裝上死繩卡子，上緊。W.確認(rèn)在死繩固定器和新儲(chǔ)備筒之間，大繩沒有結(jié)紐。如果結(jié)了紐，就上提、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)儲(chǔ)備筒，把紐解開。X.鉆工們卸掉絞車滾筒前邊的護(hù)罩。Y.司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車倒轉(zhuǎn)。Z.司鉆把新大繩從絞車滾筒上退下來，一直退到蛇皮接繩器下來為止。Aa.鉆工們把蛇皮接繩器從大繩上卸下來。Bb.司鉆把舊大繩從絞車滾筒上退出來，放到鉆臺(tái)上或大門下邊。Cc.舊大繩退到頭，卸掉活繩頭兒卡子。Dd.讓一個(gè)鉆工用鋼絲刷子和洗滌劑清洗活繩頭兒。Ee.司鉆檢查新大繩的活繩頭兒是否有損傷，用液壓切繩器把任何有缺陷的部位都切掉。Ff.把新大繩（快繩）穿到絞車滾筒的一邊。Gg.安裝一個(gè)新的活繩頭卡子，把卡子擺正，保證該卡子坐在絞車滾筒邊上的槽內(nèi)。注意：在有些絞車滾筒的一邊，配備了固定的活繩頭卡子。Hh.由一個(gè)鉆工扶著，從滾筒上往回拉新大繩，使活繩頭卡子在滾筒上就位。Ii.從絞車滾筒的一頭把新大繩放下。注意：在進(jìn)行下一步作業(yè)時(shí)，人不能站在大繩盤的環(huán)內(nèi)。Jj.司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車正轉(zhuǎn)，把新大繩排到絞車滾筒上。當(dāng)?shù)蹩ㄌ幵谵D(zhuǎn)盤面時(shí)，滾筒上至少纏九圈。注意：司鉆必須在大繩處于拉伸狀態(tài)下纏繩，使大繩isreevedinundertensionandthatthedrillinglineisproperlyseatedinthedrumgrooves.Thereisnotoleranceforanyslackinthedrillinglinereevedonthedrum.Kk.Ifthenewdrillinglinewasnotreevedonthedrawworksdrumtight,thentightenthedrillinglineasfollows.a.Releasethetravelingblockfromthededicatedhangoffline.b.Lowerthetravelingblockuntilminimumof3wrapsremainonthedrum.c.Ifthetravelingblockisnotattherotarytablewith3wrapsremainingonthedrum,thenslipthedrillinglineuntilthetravelingblockisattherotarytable.d.Raisethetravelingblocktowhereatleast9wrapsareonthedrumandconfirmthattheelevatorsareattherotarytable.Ll.Thedrillerpicksuptheweightofthetravelingblocktoverifythatthedrillinglineistightonthedrawworksdrum.Mm.Installthecoversonthedrawworks.Nn.Engagethecrown-o-maticandtest.Oo.RemovetheKellycockfromthedrillstring.Pp.ResumeoperationsaspertheDrillingProgram.1.3ReevingonNewDrillingLineonEmptySheaveswithaStandingDerrickA.Disengagethecrown-o-maticand,placethetravelingblockontherotarytableandremovethesheavesguard.B.Anchorthepropersizesnatchblockatornearthedeadlineanchorandsecure.C.Insertthedrillinglinefromthespoolthroughthesnatchblockuptotherigfloorandsecure.D.Thoroughlycleanthesectionofthenewdrillinglinetobesplicedwiththesnake,andremoveanygreaseoroil(thesnakelinedependsonfrictiontofunction.E.Attacha1-1/2inchsnaketothedrillingline.Ensurethatthesnakeiscorrectlyinplaceoveritsfulllength.F.Foraddedholdingandpullingstrength,drivefour與滾筒排繩槽吻合。纏到滾筒上的大繩不能有任何間隙和松動(dòng)。Kk.如果新大繩在絞車滾筒上沒纏緊，就要按照下列辦法把大繩纏緊：a.從專用的懸吊繩上把游車放下來。b.下放游車，直到滾筒上剩三圈大繩為止。c.如果滾筒上剩三圈大繩時(shí)，游車不能到達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)盤面，那就滑大繩，直到游車到達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)盤面為止。d.把游車上提到滾筒上至少纏了九圈大繩的位置，確認(rèn)吊卡是否處在轉(zhuǎn)盤面上。Ll.司鉆利用上提游車的重量，把滾筒上的大繩纏緊。Mm.把絞車護(hù)罩裝上。Nn.把防碰天車裝上，并做試驗(yàn)。Oo.從井內(nèi)的鉆柱上把方鉆桿下旋塞卸掉。Pp.遵照鉆井設(shè)計(jì)，恢復(fù)鉆進(jìn)。1.3塔式井架穿大繩A.卸掉防碰天車，把游車放到轉(zhuǎn)盤上，再卸掉滑輪護(hù)罩。B.在死繩固定器上或旁邊裝一個(gè)開口尺寸合適的滑輪，綁好。C.把大繩從儲(chǔ)備筒上拉出來，穿過開口滑輪，引上鉆臺(tái)，綁住。D.徹底清洗新大繩穿入蛇皮接繩器的部位，把油污都弄掉。（蛇皮接繩器主要靠摩擦鎖緊）E.把大繩穿到一寸半的蛇皮接繩器內(nèi)，保證適當(dāng)就位，長(zhǎng)度足夠。F.為了增加抗拉強(qiáng)度，在穿接繩器的部位，再釘四個(gè)nailsthroughthesnakeandthedrillingline,andwrapthesnakewithsoftwireandtapetheentirelength.G.Raiseoneendof600meter1inchmanilaropetothecrownblockwithairtugger.H.Reevethe1inchmanilaropethroughthefirstcrownsheave.I.Lowerthe1inchmanilaropetotherigfloorandreeveintothefirstsheaveofthetravelingblock.J.RepeatstepsGthroughIuntilallthesheavesarereevedin.K.Removethefrontguardofthedrawworks.L.Lowerthe1inchmanilaropedownfromthefastlinesheaveandwindonthedrawworksdrum.M.Manuallyreeve6wrapsofthe1″manilaropeontothedrawworksdrum.N.Attachtheotherendofthemanilaropetothesnakeonthedrillingline.O.Thederrickman,positionedatthecrownblock,istoadvisethedrillerwhenthesnakeiscomingthroughthecrownsheave.Thedrillerandthederrickmanmustremaininconstantradiocontact.P.Twofloormen,locatedatthenewdrillinglinespool,aretoreeveoffthedrillinglinewithoutdelay.Q.Onefloormanshouldstandclosetothespooltoinformthedrillerwithatwo-wayradiowhenthereisnoloosedrillinglinecomingoffthespool.R.Thedrilleristoproceedcautiouslyandnotpullexcessivetensionthatcouldseparatethesnake.S.Whenallpersonnelareready,thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinforwarddriveandstartsreevinginthenewdrillingline.Atthesametime,twofloormenguidethe1inchmanilaropeoffthedrawworksdrumandontotherigfloorordownthev-door.T.Thedrillershouldspoolslowly.Note:donotover-tensionthesnakeuntilthenewdrillinglineisonthedrawworksdrum.U.Whenthedrillinglinereachesthedrawworksdrum,pullthrough9wrapsofthedrillinglinetoenablethedrillinglinetobethreadedontothedrawworksdrum.V.Thedrillermustensurethefastlineissecurelytiedoffsothatitcannotunreevebyitself.釘子，然后用鐵絲和膠帶包起來。G.用氣動(dòng)絞車，把一盤一寸的，長(zhǎng)600m的棕繩的一頭弄到天車上去。H.把棕繩穿過天車上的第一個(gè)滑輪。I.把棕繩下放到鉆臺(tái)上，再穿過游車的第一個(gè)滑輪。J.重復(fù)從G到I的步驟，把所有的滑輪都穿完。K.卸掉絞車前邊的護(hù)罩。L.從快繩輪上把棕繩放下來，再纏到絞車滾筒上。M.把1″棕繩在絞車滾筒上纏六圈。N.把棕繩的另一頭穿到蛇皮接繩器上，和大繩接到一起。O.井架工看守在天車上，當(dāng)蛇皮接繩器到達(dá)天車時(shí)，通知司鉆。司鉆和井架工必須用對(duì)講機(jī)一直保持聯(lián)系。P.兩個(gè)鉆工看守在新大繩儲(chǔ)備筒旁邊，及時(shí)地放出大繩。Q.讓一個(gè)鉆工站在大繩儲(chǔ)備筒旁邊，用對(duì)講機(jī)把大繩的松緊情況通知司鉆。R.司鉆小心緩慢地操作，以防把蛇皮接繩器拉斷。S.人員都就位后，司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車正轉(zhuǎn)，開始纏新大繩。同時(shí)，讓兩個(gè)鉆工把從滾筒上退下來的棕繩盤到鉆臺(tái)上，或盤到大門下邊去。T.司鉆特別小心地往滾筒上纏繩。注意：拉力不要超過接繩器的強(qiáng)度，直到把新大繩都纏在滾筒上。U.當(dāng)大繩到達(dá)絞車滾筒時(shí)，拉出能夠在絞車滾筒上纏九圈的大繩。V.司鉆一定要把快繩綁好，以防快繩自己退下來。W.Withthefastlinetiedoff,removethesnakefromthedrillingline,andremovethe1inchmanilaropefromthedrawworksdrum.X.Installanewdrawworksanchorclamp(bulldogclamp.Orienttheclampandensurethatitwillfitthroughtheslotonthesideofthedrawworksdrum.Note:somedrawworksareequippedwithafixedclamponthesideofthedrum.Y.Settheanchorclampontothedrumbymanuallypullingthenewdrillinglinebackthroughthedrum,withafloormanguidingitintothedrum.Warning:ensurethatnopersonisinsidetheloopofthedrillinglineduringthenextstep.Z.Thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinforwarddriveandreevesthenewdrillinglinebackontothedrawworksdrum.Reeveinasaminimumof9wrapswiththeelevatorsontherotarytable.Aa.Thedrillermustensurethatthedrillinglineisreevedinundertensionandthatthedrillinglineisproperlyseatedinthedrumgrooves.Thereisnotoleranceforanyslackinthedrillingreevedonthedrum.Bb.Securethedrillinglinetwinedtothedeadlineanchor(2-3/4wrapsandtightened.Cc.Withthenewdrillinglineproperlyreevedontothedrawworksdrum,pickuptheweightofthetravelingblock,testthedrawworksbrake,andverifythatthedrillinglineistightonthedrum.Dd.Installthecoversonthedrawworks.Ee.Installthecrown-o-maticandtest.1.4ReevingintheDrillingLinetoRaisetheMastA.Securethetravelingblocktothecatwalk,withthesheavesalignedwiththecrownandthehookpointedupward,withtheraisinglineattached.B.Attachapropersizesnatchblockatornearthedeadlineanchorandsecure.C.Feedthedrillinglinethroughthesnatchblocknearthedeadlineanchor.D.Thoroughlycleanthesectionofthedrillinglinetobecoveredwiththesnakeandremoveanygreaseoroil(thesnakelinefunctionsbyfriction.W.把快繩綁好之后，從大繩和棕繩之間把蛇皮接繩器卸下來。把棕繩從絞車滾筒上退下來。X.裝一個(gè)新的活繩頭卡子。把卡子擺正。保證該卡子坐在絞車滾筒邊上的槽內(nèi)。注意：在有些絞車滾筒的一邊配了固定的活繩頭卡子。Y.由一個(gè)鉆工扶著，從滾筒上往回拉新大繩，使活繩頭卡子在滾筒上就位。注意：在進(jìn)行下一步作業(yè)時(shí)，人不能站在大繩盤的環(huán)內(nèi)。Z.司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車正轉(zhuǎn)，把新大繩排到滾筒上。當(dāng)?shù)蹩ㄌ幵谵D(zhuǎn)盤面時(shí)，滾筒上至少纏九圈。Aa.司鉆必須在大繩處于拉伸狀態(tài)下纏繩，使大繩與排繩槽吻合。纏到滾筒上的大繩不能有任何間隙和松動(dòng)。Bb.把大繩在死繩固定器上纏2-3/4圈，排緊。Cc.當(dāng)新大繩在絞車滾筒上都排好之后，上提游車，試絞車的剎車，檢查滾筒上的大繩是否排緊。Dd.裝上絞車護(hù)罩。Ee.裝上防碰天車，并做試驗(yàn)。1.4A型井架穿大繩A.把游車滑輪對(duì)準(zhǔn)天車，把大鉤朝上掛到起井架大繩上，把游車綁在貓道上。B.把一個(gè)適當(dāng)尺寸的開口滑輪綁在死繩固定器上（或旁邊）。C.把大繩穿過死繩固定器旁邊的開口滑輪。D.徹底清洗大繩頭，把蛇皮接繩器覆蓋部位的油污都清理掉（蛇皮接繩器靠的是摩擦鎖緊）。E.Attachthe1-1/2inchsnaketothedrillingline.Ensurethatthesnakeiscorrectlyinplaceoveritsfulllength.F.Foraddedholdingandpullingstrength,drivefournailsthroughthesnakeandthedrillingline,wrapthesnakewithsoftwireandtapetheentirelength.G.Removethesheaveguardsonthetravelingblock.H.Pullthe1inchmanilaropeinsidethederrickandfeedandreevethroughthefirstcrownsheave.I.Fromthecrownsheave,manuallypullandreevethe1inchmanilaropethroughthefirstsheaveofthetravelingblock.J.RepeatstepsfromHtoIuntilthesheavesarereevedin.K.Next,reevethe1inchmanilaropethroughthefastlinesheaveandpullbacktothedrawworksdrum.L.Removethefrontcoverofthedrawworks.M.Manuallyreeve6wrapsofthe1inchmanilaropeontothedrawworksdrum.N.Attachtheotherendofthe1inchmanilaropetothesnakeonthedrillingline.O.Thecrewmembersarepositionedasfollows:a.Thederrickmanisatthecrownblock.b.Twofloormenareatthedrillinglinespool.c.Twofloormenareatthedrawworksdrum.d.Directtwo-wayradiocommunicationisessentialfromeachother.P.Thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinforwarddriveandpullsthe1inchmanilaropeontothedrawworksdrum.Q.Atthesametime,twofloormenatthedrawworksguidethe1inchmanilaropecomingfromthedrawworksbackontotherigfloorordownthev-door.R.Thedrillercontinuespullinginthedrillinglineuntilthecrownandtravelingblockshavebeencompletelyreeved,plus9wrapsofexcessdrillinglinetobewrappedontothedrawworks.S.Thedrillermustensurethefastlineissecurelytiedoffsothatitcannotbeunreevedbyitself.T.Withthefastlinetiedoff,removethesnakefromE.把大繩穿到一寸半的蛇皮接繩器內(nèi)，保證把足夠長(zhǎng)的大繩穿入適當(dāng)?shù)牟课?。F.為了增加抗拉強(qiáng)度，在穿蛇皮接繩器的部位再釘四個(gè)釘子，然后用鐵絲和膠帶包起來。G.卸掉游車輪上的護(hù)罩。H.把一寸的棕繩穿過天車上的第一個(gè)滑輪，在井架內(nèi)拉該棕繩。I.用人力把棕繩從天車輪上拉過來，再穿過第一個(gè)游車輪。J.重復(fù)從H到I的步驟，把滑輪都穿完。K.下一步，把棕繩穿過天車上的快繩輪，再拉回到絞車滾筒。L.卸掉絞車前邊的護(hù)罩。M.把一寸的棕繩在絞車滾筒上纏六圈。N.把棕繩的另一頭，穿入蛇皮接繩器與大繩接起來。O.井隊(duì)人員分工如下：a.井架工看守天車；b.兩個(gè)鉆工看守大繩儲(chǔ)備筒；c.兩個(gè)鉆工看守絞車滾筒；d.相互間用對(duì)講機(jī)聯(lián)系是很必要的。P.司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車正轉(zhuǎn)，用絞車滾筒拉棕繩。Q.同時(shí)，讓兩個(gè)鉆工把從絞車滾筒上退下來的棕繩盤到鉆臺(tái)上或盤到大門下邊。R.司鉆繼續(xù)拉大繩，直到把天車和游車上的滑輪都穿完，再加上能在絞車滾筒上纏九圈的余量。S.司鉆必須把快繩綁好，以防大繩自己倒退。T.把快繩綁好之后，從大繩上把蛇皮接繩器上卸下thedrillingline,andremovethe1inchropefromthedrawworksdrum.U.Afloormancleanstheendofthefastlineusingawirebrushanddetergentfluid.V.Thedrillercheckstheendofthenewdrillinglinefordamage,andcutoffdefectivesection,ifany,byusingofahydrauliclinecutter.W.Feedthenewdrillingline(fastlinethroughthesideofthedrawworksdrum.X.Installanewdrawworksanchorclamp(bulldogclamp.Orienttheclampandensurethatitfitsthroughtheslotonthesideofthedrawworksdrum.Note:Somedrawworksareequippedwithafixedclamponthesideofthedrum.Y.Settheanchorclampontothedrumbymanuallypullingthenewdrillinglinebackthroughthedrum,withafloormanguidingitintothedrum.Z.Releasethenewdrillinglinefromthesideofthedrawworks.Warning:ensurethatnopersonisinsidetheloopofthedrillinglineduringthenextstep.Aa.Thedrillerengagesthedrawworksinforwarddriveandreevesthenewdrillinglinebackontothedrawworksdrum,reeveinasaminimumof9wrapswiththeelevatorsontherotarytable.Bb.Thedrillermustensurethatthedrillinglineisreevedinundertensionandthatthedrillinglineisproperlyseatedinthedrumgrooves.Thereisnotoleranceforanyslackinthedrillinglinereevedonthedrum.Cc.Securethedrillinglinetothedeadlineanchor(2-3/4wrapsandtightened.Dd.Installthetravelingblocksheaveguard.Ee.Installthefrontdrawworksguardcoverafterthemastisraised.2.OperationsofRigFloorFacilities2.1SafetyOperationsandInspectionsoftheMastsorDerricksA.Priortoraisingorloweringthemast,inspectdrillline,raisingline,sockets,pins,safetykeepers,andhold-downboltsinmastshoesfordamage.If來。再把棕繩從絞車滾筒上弄下來。U.讓一個(gè)鉆工用鋼絲刷子和洗滌劑清洗快繩頭。V.司鉆檢查新大繩的快繩頭，如有任何損傷或缺陷，就用液壓切繩器把它切掉。W.把快繩頭穿過絞車滾筒的一邊。X.裝一個(gè)新活繩頭卡子，把卡子擺正，保證該卡子坐在絞車滾筒邊上的槽內(nèi)。注意：在有些絞車滾筒的一邊，配備了固定的活繩頭卡子。Y.由一個(gè)鉆工扶著，從滾筒上往回拉新大繩，使活繩頭卡子在滾筒上就位。Z.從絞車滾筒的一頭放下新大繩。注意：在進(jìn)行下一步作業(yè)時(shí)，人不能站在大繩盤的環(huán)內(nèi)。Aa.司鉆啟動(dòng)絞車正轉(zhuǎn)，把新大繩再排到絞車的滾筒上。當(dāng)?shù)蹩ㄌ幵谵D(zhuǎn)盤面時(shí)，滾筒上至少纏九圈。Bb.司鉆必須在大繩處于拉伸狀態(tài)下纏繩，使大繩與滾筒排繩槽吻合。纏到滾筒上的大繩不能有任何間隙和松動(dòng)。Cc.把大繩在死繩固定器上纏2-3/4圈，排緊。Dd.把游動(dòng)滑車護(hù)罩裝上。Ee.井架起來之后，把絞車前邊的護(hù)罩裝上。2.鉆臺(tái)設(shè)備和工具的操作2.1井架安全操作與檢查A.起放井架之前，檢查滾筒大繩、起井架大繩及繩頭套環(huán)、銷子、安全別針和底座大銷子是否有損傷。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)損壞，就不能起放，必須修好再作業(yè)。damageisfound,donotraiseorlowerthemastuntilcorrectiveactionistaken.B.Inspectsubstructure,mastorderrickandreplacemissingpins,boltsandsafetykeeperseachtour.RecordtheinspectionontheScheduleforRigMaintenance.C.Inspectionsofthemastsorderricksshouldbeperformedperiodicallyaftercommenceofwelloperation.D.Thederrickmanshouldinspectthemonkeyboardpriortotheoperation.E.Safetypinsshouldbecheckedregularlytomakesuretheyareproperlysecured.F.Thepiperackingfingersshouldbekeptstraightandsecuredwithasafetychains.G.Safetylinesshouldbeattachedtoallsheaveshanginginthederrick.(i.e.,tongs,airhoist/winch,catlines,etc.Theselinesshouldbeinspectedfrequently.H.Drillcollartie-backropesshouldbesecuredtoaderrickormastmember.I.Allderricksafetybeltsshouldbetheharnesstypeandbeinspectedfrequently.Abackupshouldbeprovidediftheoneinusebecomesdefective.J.Personnelshouldnotbeinthemastorderrickwhenpullingorjarringonstuckpipe.K.Asafetybeltandlifelineshouldbeprovidedandusedbyeachemployeewhoworksmorethantenfeetabovethedrillfloor.L.Employeesshouldnotridethemastasitisbeingraisedorlowered.AllotherpersonnelshouldstandclearoftheA-frameuntiltheradiusisinposition.M.Whenclimbingamastorderrick,useaderrickman-assistclimbingbelt.2.2OperationsofDrawworksA.Onlydesignatedpersonnelcanoperatethedrawworks.B.Whileoperatingthedrawworksthedrillershouldnotbedistracted.C.Allguardsofdrawworksshouldremaininplaceandingoodconditionwheninoperation.B.每班檢查井架和底座，補(bǔ)全丟失的安全別針、螺栓或銷子。并把檢查情況記錄在鉆機(jī)保養(yǎng)記錄本上。C.鉆井作業(yè)開始后，要定期檢查井架。D.每次操作之前，井架工都應(yīng)當(dāng)檢查二層臺(tái)。E.要按規(guī)定檢查保險(xiǎn)銷子，確保適當(dāng)就位。F.二層臺(tái)上的鉆桿指梁要保持筆直，并用安全鏈拴好。G.井架上，懸吊大鉗、氣動(dòng)絞車?yán)K、貓頭繩等所用的滑輪，都要裝上保險(xiǎn)繩，并經(jīng)常檢查這些繩索。H.拉鉆鋌的兜繩應(yīng)當(dāng)拴在井架的拉筋上。I.所有的井架安全帶都應(yīng)當(dāng)是背帶形的并要經(jīng)常檢查，同時(shí)還要有一個(gè)備用的，以防正在用的這個(gè)壞了。J.鉆具被卡，上提或震擊時(shí)，任何人不能上井架。K.在鉆臺(tái)以上，高度超過2m作業(yè)的每一個(gè)人，都要系保險(xiǎn)帶，用安全繩。L.起放A形井架時(shí)，井架上不能有人，其他人都要遠(yuǎn)離井架的覆蓋區(qū)。M.上井架時(shí)，要用架工助爬帶。2.2鉆井絞車的操作A.只有指定的人才能操作絞車。B.操作絞車時(shí)，司鉆要精力集中。C.作業(yè)時(shí)，絞車上的全部護(hù)罩都應(yīng)當(dāng)就位完好。D.Drawworksclutchesshouldbekeptingoodconditionandproperlyadjustedfrequently.E.Thebrakebandandblocks,linkage,hingepins,cotterpins,etc.,shouldbecheckedperiodically.F.Defectivezerkandgreassfittingsshouldbereplacedimmediately.G.Thedrillershouldchainthebrakebaranytimewhenheleavesthedriller’sconsole.(ExceptwhentheautomaticdrillerisbeingusedwhiledrillingH.Allrigpersonnelshouldbeinstructedonhowtoshutdownthedrawworksandrotarytableintheeventofanemergency.I.Employeesshouldnotstandontopofdrawworkswhenthedrumismoving.J.Watershouldnotbedirectedatthebrakebandwhenwashingthedrawworks.K.Alldrawworksrepairsshouldbesupervisedbydriller.L.Whenhoisting,donotrunintoload,applyhoistingloadsgradually.2.3StartingandOperatingEddyCurrentBrakeA.Neverstopthedrawworkswithloadbyeddycurrentbrakeunderanycircumstances.Eddycurrentbrakecanbeusedtosloworcontroltherotationspeedofthedrawworks.B.Theeddycurrentbrakeshallnotbedisengagedfromthedrawworkswhileanyliftingorloweringofthetravelingblockisbeingdone.C.Theelectricbrakecoolingsystemshouldbeproperlymaintainedandtheproperamountofcoolantwatergoesthroughthebrake.D.Ensurethatthewarninglightonthedrillingconsolefortheelectricbrakeisfunctional.E.Ensurethatthewiringfromthedriller’scontrolpaneltotheelectricbrakeismaintainedwithoutdamage,forexample:cuts,mashedcables,orshorts,etc.F.Ensurethatproperlubricationoftherotorshaftsoftheelectricbrakeismaintaineddaily.G.Theelectricbrakemustbeequippedwithitsownindependencecirculatingcoolantpump.D.絞車離合器要保持狀況良好，并要經(jīng)常調(diào)試。E.剎帶、剎帶片、剎車連桿、連接銷子、保險(xiǎn)銷子等，都應(yīng)當(dāng)定期檢查。F.應(yīng)當(dāng)立即更換損壞了的加油嘴和黃油嘴。G.不論什么時(shí)候，司鉆離開操作臺(tái)時(shí)，都應(yīng)當(dāng)用鏈子綁住剎把。（鉆進(jìn)時(shí)，如果用了自動(dòng)送鉆除外）H.要教會(huì)所有的井隊(duì)人員，在緊急情況下，如何停絞車和轉(zhuǎn)盤。I.絞車滾筒運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，絞車頂部不能站人。J.沖洗絞車時(shí)，不能讓水進(jìn)入剎帶。K.應(yīng)當(dāng)由司鉆監(jiān)督所有的絞車維修。L.起滾筒時(shí)，不許猛掛負(fù)荷，要平穩(wěn)操作。2.3電磁剎車的啟動(dòng)及操作A.任何時(shí)候，都不能在帶負(fù)荷的情況下，用電磁剎車來停住絞車。電磁剎車只能用于降低或者控制絞車滾筒的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度。B.不論是否帶負(fù)荷，絞車上提或下放游動(dòng)滑車時(shí)，都不能摘掉電磁剎車。C.要對(duì)電磁剎車的冷卻系統(tǒng)作適當(dāng)保養(yǎng)，要有適當(dāng)量的冷卻水通過電磁剎車。D.要確保司鉆操作臺(tái)上的電磁剎車警示燈功能靈敏。E.確保從司鉆操作臺(tái)到電磁剎車的布線不會(huì)受損，要做好維護(hù)保養(yǎng)，例如：割斷、壓斷電纜，或短路等。F.要保證每天都適當(dāng)保養(yǎng)電磁剎車的中心軸。G.電磁剎車必須配備一套獨(dú)立的循環(huán)冷卻泵。H.Thecirculatingrateofthecoolantpumpmustbeequaltoormorethanthecapacityofthebrake.OperationalProcedureofRaisingandLoweringA.Beforepickingupanyload,thedrillerwillensurethattheelectricbrakecontrolsystemonthedriller’sconsoleisreleased.B.Whiletrippingoutofthehole,thedrillershouldcontrolthedescendingspeedoftheemptytravelingblockwiththeelectricbrake.Usethemechanicalbraketobringthetravelingblocktoitsactualstop.C.Whentrippinginthehole,thedriller,afterpickinguptheslipsorremovetheelevatorontherotarytable,willreleasethedrumclutchandengagetheelectricbrake.D.Thedrillershouldcontrolthedescendingspeedofthetravelingblockandthedrillstringwiththeelectricbrakeinadeliberatemanner,especiallyastheelevatornearsthesurfaceoftherotarytable.E.Inconjunctionwiththeelectricbrake,thedrillershouldutilizethemechanicalbraketobringthedrillstringtoacontrolledstopattherotarytable.F.Thedrillerwillnevertrytostopthedescendingdrillstringsolelywiththeelectricbrake.G.Thedrillerwillneverdroptheemptytravelingblockatahighspeedandthenengagetheelectricbrake.H.Thedrillermustrememberatalltimesthattheelectricbrakeisnotastopbrake,butanauxiliarybrakedesignedtoslowthevelocityofthedescendingdrillstring.Themechanicalbrakeisengagedtostopthedrillstring.2.4RotarytableA.Adjustingthebitweightorrotaryspeedsoastoavoidexceedingmaximumrotarytorque.ThemaximumallowablerotarytorqueisdefinedintheRigMaintenanceManual.Whenthetorqueapproachestheselimits,discontinuetheuseofautomaticdrillerwhendrillingorreaming.B.Whennotbeinginuse,keephoses,rope,chainandtoolsawayfromthekellybushingandtableH.冷卻泵的循環(huán)排量必須等于或大于電磁剎車的用量。上提與下放操作程序A.在上提任何物件之前，司鉆一定要確保司鉆操作臺(tái)上的電磁剎車控制系統(tǒng)已被摘掉。B.起鉆時(shí)，司鉆應(yīng)當(dāng)用電磁剎車控制空游車的下降速度，用機(jī)械剎車把游車停住。C.下鉆時(shí)，提出卡瓦或搬開轉(zhuǎn)盤上的吊卡之后，司鉆摘掉滾筒離合器，掛上電磁剎車。D.司鉆應(yīng)當(dāng)慎重的用電磁剎車控制游車和鉆柱的下行速度。特別是當(dāng)?shù)蹩ń咏D(zhuǎn)盤面時(shí)，更要細(xì)心操作。E.司鉆應(yīng)當(dāng)使用電磁剎車配合機(jī)械剎車，把鉆柱有控制地停放到轉(zhuǎn)盤上。F.司鉆絕不能試圖只用電磁剎車就想把正在下放的鉆柱剎住。G.司鉆絕不能高速下放空游車，然后再掛電磁剎車。H.任何時(shí)候司鉆都必須記住，電磁剎車不是停車器。設(shè)計(jì)電磁剎車是用來減緩鉆柱下行速度的輔助剎車，要用機(jī)械剎車來停住鉆柱。2.4轉(zhuǎn)盤A.為了防止超過轉(zhuǎn)盤的額定扭矩，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)速和鉆壓。最大允許扭矩應(yīng)根據(jù)鉆機(jī)維修手冊(cè)確定。鉆進(jìn)或劃眼時(shí)，如果扭矩接近了限定值，應(yīng)停止使用自動(dòng)送鉆。B.把不用的膠管、繩索及工具從方補(bǔ)心或轉(zhuǎn)盤附近移走。area.C.Therotarytableareashouldbeconstructedorcoveredwithanon-skidmat.D.Personnelshouldnotstandontherotarytablewhileitisrotating.E.Forsafety,thepipetongsshouldbesecuredawayfromtherotarytablewhennotbeinginuse.F.Whentherotarytableisremoved,thepick-uplinesorchainsshouldbeofsufficientstrength.2.5UseandMaintenanceofPipeTongsA.Forsafety,leadandbackuptongsshouldbeprovidedwithsnublinesofsufficientsizeandlength.B.Tongsshouldbeprovidedwithsharpdiesatalltimesandproperlypinnedinslots.Diedriversshouldbeusedtoremovetongdies.Properpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbewornwhenchangingtongdies.C.Tongdieslotsshouldbeproperlymaintained.D.Allpinsusedtosecurethechainorjawsshouldbekeptinplacewithsafetypinsorcotterpins.E.Makeshiftweightssuchastools,pipeprotectors,bits,etc.shouldnotbeaddedtothecounterbalanceweights.F.Therotarytableshallnotbeusedforfinalmakinguporinitialbreakingoutofapipeconnection.Thecorrectmethodisthatusetwotongswhenmakeupandbreakout.G.Leadandbackuptong-menshouldnotstandbetweenthetwopipetongswhilethedrillerismakinguporbreakingoutpipeorcollars.H.Whenhighpullforceisneededtobreakatightjoint,allfloormenshouldmoveawayfromtherotarytableandoutofthepathofthetongsbeforetorqueisapplied.I.Hydraulictongshouldbeoperatedbydesignatedpersonnel.J.Tongcounterbalanceandpartsthereofshouldberestrained,guarded,orlocatedsoastopreventthemfromfallingonorstrikingcrewmembers.K.Therigtongsmustbekeptcleanatalltimesandkeptwelllubricated.C.轉(zhuǎn)盤周圍應(yīng)當(dāng)裝上或鋪上防滑墊。D.轉(zhuǎn)盤運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，上面不能站人。E.為了安全，大鉗不用時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)把它系牢在遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)盤的位置。F.拆卸轉(zhuǎn)盤時(shí)，吊轉(zhuǎn)盤的繩索要有足夠的強(qiáng)度。2.5鉆桿大鉗的使用與維護(hù)A.為了安全，內(nèi)外大鉗都要裝配夠粗、夠長(zhǎng)的鉗尾繩。B.任何時(shí)候，大鉗牙床上都要裝鋒利的鉗牙和匹配的保險(xiǎn)銷。要用鉗牙裝卸器卸鉗牙。換鉗牙時(shí)，操作人員應(yīng)穿戴適當(dāng)防護(hù)用品。C.要適當(dāng)保養(yǎng)大鉗牙床。D.固定鏈子或鉗頭的所有銷子都應(yīng)當(dāng)裝到位，并穿上安全銷或開口銷。E.工具、護(hù)絲和鉆頭等，都不能用來增加大鉗平衡鉈的重量。F.不能用轉(zhuǎn)盤緊扣，卸扣時(shí)禁止用轉(zhuǎn)盤繃扣。正確的方法是：上卸扣都應(yīng)當(dāng)用雙大鉗。G.當(dāng)司鉆正在上卸鉆桿和鉆鋌時(shí)，內(nèi)外鉗工不要站在兩個(gè)大鉗之間。H.在卸比較緊的絲扣時(shí)，大鉗的拉力會(huì)很大。在給大鉗施加拉力之前，所有的鉆工都要離開轉(zhuǎn)盤和大鉗轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)。I.液壓大鉗要由指定的人來操作。J.大鉗平衡鉈及其附件應(yīng)當(dāng)沿軌道上下移動(dòng)，并裝護(hù)罩以防傷人。K.任何時(shí)候鉆具大鉗都應(yīng)該保持干凈和良好的保養(yǎng)。L.Therigtongcounterbalancelinemustbeinspected