商務(wù)英語專業(yè)四級考試術(shù)語解釋

商務(wù)英語專業(yè)四級考試術(shù)語解釋globalcompany:跨國公司--acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities--Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（維基百科）jointventure:合資企業(yè)--apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯詞典）merger&acquisition:并購--combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.transactionsinwhichtheownershipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.distributionchannel:分銷渠道；銷售渠道--alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.listedcompany:上市公司--acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.Apubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclyApubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompanyorpubliccorporationisacorporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesofstockwhicharefreelytradedonastockexchangeorinoverthecountermarkets.（維基百科）Industrialcomplex:工業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地--amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.dn:品牌認(rèn)知（度；品牌識別--aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.specialtyshop:專賣店--anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.householdname家喻戶曉的名字--abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.loss-maker:虧損企業(yè)--abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.homecountry:祖國，母國--thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.quota:配額，定額，限額--arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)--aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.neweconomy:新經(jīng)濟(jì)--adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.--aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文詞典）laborforce:勞動力--allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.bubbleeconomy:--an economythat primarily depends on banking, financial marketand transientoperation.venturecapital:風(fēng)險資本--fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.Venturecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯詞典）bizcycle:商業(yè)周期--Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁榮,recession衰退,depression蕭條,recovery復(fù)蘇.stockmarket:股票交易；證券市場，股票市場--astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.--thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.--aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文詞典）productlifecycle:產(chǎn)品生命周期--atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction投入期,growth成長期,maturity飽和期anddecline衰退期.Seedmoney=seedcapital啟動資金--theinitialequitycapital股本usedtostartanewventureorbiz.themoneyyouhaveavailabletostartanewbusiness.（朗文詞典）liquidity流動資產(chǎn)--availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.--Infinance,acompany'sliquidityistheamountofcashorliquidassetsithaseasilyavailable.資產(chǎn)折現(xiàn)力exchangerate匯率--theamountofonecurrencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.thevalueofthemoneyofonecountrycomparedtothemoneyofanothercountry。multinationalcompany跨國公司--averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.moneymarket貨幣市場，金融市場--theinstitutionsandpracticesthroughwhichshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.--Acountry'smoneymarketconsistsofallthebanksandotherorganizationsthatdealwithshort-termloans,capital,andforeignexchange.（柯林斯詞典）--allthebanksandotherinstitutionsthatbuy,sell,lend,orborrowmoney,especiallyforeignmoney,forprofit.（朗文詞典）collateral擔(dān)保物，抵押品--propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecurity抵押品foraloanorotherobligation.被接受作為抵押或其他義務(wù)擔(dān)保的財產(chǎn)propertyorothergoodsthatyoupromisetogivesomeoneifyoucannotpaybackthemoneytheylendyou.（朗文詞典）Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)--anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkStockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.Bluechip藍(lán)籌股，優(yōu)質(zhì)股票--astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.Nasdaq:納斯達(dá)克--nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations.全國證券交易商自動報價系統(tǒng)協(xié)會TheNasdaqStockMarketisanAmericanstockexchange.Itisthesecond-largestexchangeintheworldbymarketcapitalization,behindonlytheNewYorkStockExchangelocatedinthesamecity.（維基百科）(insurancepolicy保險單--theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompanypublicrelations公共關(guān)系，公關(guān)--PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrelationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.depression:蕭條，不景氣--aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.國家（或國際）經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的一段時期，其特征是商業(yè)活動減少、價格下降、失業(yè)。Tradedeficit貿(mào)易赤字--importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.Speculation投機(jī)--engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofitValueaddedtax增值稅--anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincremental增值的increasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.Fairtrade公平貿(mào)易--tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreementSubsidy補(bǔ)貼--apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.--financialbenefitdirectorindirectfromgovernmenttoproducersorexporters.Rebate減稅，折扣--adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanamountgiveninpayment.taxexemption免稅--thefreedomforhavingtopaytaxFDI外國直接投資--thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise. Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.freetrade自由貿(mào)易--tradebetweennationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.tariff關(guān)稅--dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonimportedorexportedgoods.globalization全球化--theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.anti-dumpingduty反傾銷稅--tariffleviedondumpedimports.tradebarrier貿(mào)易壁壘--anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification.importsubstitution進(jìn)口替代--astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.arbitration仲裁--theprocessbywhichthepartiestoadisputesubmittheirdifferencestothejudgmentofanimpartialpersonoragroupappointedbymutualconsentorstatutory指定條款）balancesheet,B.S.--afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一個公司或機(jī)構(gòu)在指定日期的資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債和所有者投資的列表說明。return收益--aprofitoryield,asfromlabororinvestment.cashflow現(xiàn)金流--Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.額外所得的現(xiàn)金收入或凈收入，常用來衡量公司的價值labor-intensive勞動密集型--requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapitalnetearnings凈收益，凈盈利--ductivity生產(chǎn)力--therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.marketshare市場份額--theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.workforce勞動力,工人總數(shù):thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,companycountry.incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.equitycommonstockandpreferredstockwhichrepresentownershiptoabizorganizationoutsource:tofarmout(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutcost.（如工作）包給外界的供應(yīng)者或生產(chǎn)者leadtime訂貨至交貨的時間--theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.acquisition收購--whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.initialpublicoffering(IPO)首次公開發(fā)行--privatecompany’sfirstofferofitsstocktothepublicmerger合并--theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.liquiditysqueeze流動性短缺，頭寸緊張--financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.--areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（維基百科）reverse)--itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-listedinarelativelyshort