初中英語語法-句子成分

初中英語語法——句子成分一、句子成分精講句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。主要成分：主語和謂語1、主語一個(gè)句子中需要加以說明或描述的對(duì)象。主語的位置：一般位于句首，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等充當(dāng)。Theschoolisfarfromhere. 名詞做主語Shegoestoschoolbybike.Eightisaluckynumber.Theblindneedmorehelp.

代詞做主語數(shù)詞做主語名詞化的形容詞做主語Thereisapenonthedesk. 名詞做主語Predictingthefutureisinteresting.

動(dòng)名詞做主語Tobeadoctorismydream.2、謂語

不定式短語做主語表示人或事物(主語)的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài).英語中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是通過謂語表現(xiàn)出來。謂語動(dòng)詞往往由一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加上主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成。分析句子的主語和謂語Mr.LiteachesEnglish.Hecanplaythepiano.MyparentsandIarehavingdinner.3、表語用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。表語的位置用在動(dòng)詞be和系動(dòng)詞的后面。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。Yourpen is ontheHegotveryangry.Mydream is tohavearobot.常見的系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞look,sound,smell,taste,feel等變得”“”如get,grow,turn。4、賓語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語.及物動(dòng)詞:直接接賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞.不及物動(dòng)詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞.賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成.Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.

名詞做賓語Iwantthree.

數(shù)詞做賓語Ilikegoingshopping. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語Wethinkpredictingthefutureishard.5、賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)）

賓語從句有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語之外,還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語。如果沒有補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ)),有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語Thesunkeepsuswarm.:Ifoundherinthe副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Pleaselethimin.名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Wemadehimmonitoroftheclass.動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Iaskedhimtocome.6、定語定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的……的)()Theyhaveacleverson.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.:Isitacolorfilm?名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式,如:schoolbus, ticketoffice,paperflowers但也有例外,如:sportsmeeting,clothesshopman和woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定,如mendrivers, womendoctors:Thissongisbetterthanthatone.:Thereareonlythirtystudentsinourclass.帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接,其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形atwo-dayholiday athree-year-oldboy():Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?():Thestudentsinourclasslikeswimming.7、狀語修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句,用以說明地點(diǎn),時(shí)間,方式,程度,原因,目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步等.:Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.

表方式Theboyisveryclever.:

表程度IhavelivedinShanghaiforfiveyears.不定式作狀語

表時(shí)間Icomeheretoseeyou.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

表目的Theteachercamein,holdingabookinhishand. 表方式狀語從句We’llgoshoppingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.狀語的位置,用于句末。Welikeourschoolverymuch..Iusuallygetupatsix,butthismorningIgotupateight.,always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后IusuallygetupHeisoftenlate.一些副詞,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly等用法相似sometimes,now可以位于句首,句中或句末only,,Theactoronlysangasong.Onlytheactorsangasong.Theactorsangonlyone兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序,.WewillhaveameetinginRoom202tomorrow.由小到大Mr.Lilivesat88ChongwenRd.,Suzhou,Jiangsu.,:,,,時(shí)間副詞Shesangverywellatthe