2022年考研英語一試卷真題含答案

2022年考研英語一真題含答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fbreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[BJ.[CJ.or[DJontheANSWERSHEET.(IOpoints)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s:theterm"plantneurobiologywas.111.aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe...ill..tointelligenceinanimaIs.旦plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat緝consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit鳥sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called(filofplantsintelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave_CTLthatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,_J_趾"aplantnervoussystem,位tothatinanimals."saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They_JJ_QLclaimedthatplantshave"brain-likecommandcentersMattheirroottips.”This皿makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain.吵ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignalsJUL,thesignalinginaplantisonly鳥similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity."Taizsaid"Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold鳥ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"he尊"Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,theIHLthattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.**Andwhafssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan*trunawayfrom鳥.soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich_LI_2Lathreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery_(兇Levolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.I.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued.A.attributedB.directedC.comparedD.confined.A.unlessB.whenC.onceD.though.A.copewithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedin.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitiveIO.A.justB.everC.stillD.even.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily.A.listB.levelC.labelD.local.A.recaliedB.agreedC.questionedD.added.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing|AJ,[B].[C],or[DJ.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon*tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They"weep”outadd山ves.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticart小dn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.nIt*slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,nshesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb”Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.IntheI960s.theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.ThosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozenHnaturecarpetsn-Iargerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedvie\,verstowalkaroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It*sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi*spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling,Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi*ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicalsHsunscreensMbecausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten*s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFeneira.anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnologynotesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve-willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'l1beseen.AccordingtoParagraphI,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin1AImaintainingtheirplasticitemsobtainingdurableplastica巾factshandlingoutdatedplasticexhibits[DJclassifyingtheirplasticcollectionsVanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare[A]immunetodecay[BJimproperlyshapedICIinherentlyflawed[D]complexinstructureMuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto|A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors[BJduplicatethemfor(Jituredisplay|CJhavetheiringredientsanalyzed[DJpreventthemfromfurtherdamage24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis[A]costly[BJunworthy[ClunpopularIDJchallengingInFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplastica11ifacts[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearchIB)hasprofoundhistoricalsignificancewillhelpusseparatethematerialages[D|hasanimpactontoday*sculturallifeText2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationsandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobdjty.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles:apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementfbrcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversitywillworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ*scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:IamageographeforTamaciassist.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing:it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould[A]becarefulinchoosingacollegebediligentateacheducationalstage[CJreassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationpostponetheirundergraduateapplicationThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect[AJMillenniaFsopinionsaboutwork[BltheshrinkingvalueofadegreepublicdiscontentwitheducationthedesiredrouteofsocialmobilityTheauthorconsidersitagoodsignthatGenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegreeschoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkersIC)employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreeparentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducationItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshouldmakeanearlydecisionontheircareerattendonthejobtrainingprogramsteamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduatesIDIfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfieldWhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?(AlLifelongleaningwilldefinethem.(BJTheywillmakequalifiededucators.[CJDepresswillnolongerappealthem.[DJTheywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fum.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists:andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences."Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning.MOnerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartistthanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAYS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hancethe"visualstudies**inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimuItaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists.writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature*spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave[AJcaughttheattentionofcritics[BJreceivedfavorableresponses[CJpromotedacademicpublishing[DJsparkedheatedpublicdisputesThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat|A)artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience[BJsciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions[CJpublicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture[DJartiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovationsSomeartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership(A)theirrolemaybeunderestimated[BJtheirreputationmaybeimpaired[CJtheircreativitymaybeinhibited[DJtheirworkmaybemisguidedWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAYS?[AJItwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.[BJItexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.[CJItsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.[DJItsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations[BJwillintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition[CJshoulddomorethancommunicatingscience.[DJarebecomingmorepopularthanbeforeText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand*sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals*1.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.YetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissalConsequentlyandparadoxicallylawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatriskIfnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in"AnInternalionalPerspectiveonNewZealand*sProductivityParadoxn(2014).theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified"high-incomethreshold"fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers*Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheB仆Iwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto[Alpunishdubiouscorporatepractices[BJimprovetraditionalhiringprocedures[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties[DIprotecttherightsofordinaryworkers37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thattheprovisionsmay(A)hinderbusinessdevelopment[BJunderminemanagersfauthority[CJaffectthepublicimageofthefinns[DJworsenlabor-managementrelationsWhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldbetheProductivityCommissionsupport?[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.[BJEnforcingemploymentprotectionlaws[CJLimitingthepowersofbusinessowners.ID]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?(AJHighlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.[B)Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.[CJSocietyseesariseinoverallwell-being.[DJEmployersneedtohirenewstaff.Itcanbeinferredthatthe"high-incomethresholdninAustralia[A]hassecuredmanagers'earnings[BJhasproducedundesiredresults[C)isbeneficialtobusinessowners[DJisdifficulttoputintopracticePartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(IOpoints)7選5TeriByrdIwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpm-poses.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou,'enl1ance"enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions.andit*spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.KarenR.SimeAsazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos^reatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.GregNewberryEmmaMarris*sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.ButtheyaretheexceptionnotthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.AdistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospitalDeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoosandtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohomemanymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseumsservingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswh仆eleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.JohnFraserEmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnatureandthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.ZooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticismTopressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestalternative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals*wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.答案：41,F42.C43.A44.D45.CPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)''Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon*sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants:betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperofsdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck:betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalsoandthisisunknowneventomaneolewellreadabouttheeriod.abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix."TheScovellCiphers."(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencaturedfromtheFrencharmofSainandwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbtheworkofoneGeoreScovellanofficerinBritishheaduarters.OmanratedScovelVssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalzecareful1whatthisobscureoflicermaormanothavecontributedtothatreatstruIebetweennationsorindeedtellusanthinmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman*sappendix,publishedin1914.wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretware.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovelfspapersatthePublicRecordOffice(inKew.,westLondon)Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesaworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.Irealizedatoncethatthiswaspriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanysyiesandintellienceofficersdurintheNaoleonicWarsbutitisusual!extreme!difliculttofindthematerialtheactuallrovidedorworkedon.Furthermore.ScovelFsstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington'sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(50)JustasthecodebreakinhasitswiderrelevanceinthestruleforSainsohisattemtstomakehiswautheromotionladderseakvolumesaboutBritishsocie.ThestoryofWellingtonhimselfalsogrippedme.HalfacenturyagohiscampaignswereconsideredacentralpartoftheBritishhistoricalmythologyandspoon-fedtoschoolboys.Morerecentlythishasnotbeenthecase,whichisagreatshame.Agenerationhasgrownup.46. 甚 至是許多熟悉這段時期的人都不知道，這也是一場密碼制作者與破解者之間的斗爭。47它列出了許多從駐扎西班牙的法國軍隊繳獲的密碼文件，這些文件的秘密已為一名英國總部的軍官喬治?斯科維爾的工作所揭露。48他無法仔細分析這位黑默無聞的軍官對國家間的偉大斗爭做出了什么貢獻，也無法告訴我們關(guān)于其本人的任何事情。49在拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭期間，可能有許多間諜和情報官員，但通常很難找到他們實際提供的處理的材料。50就像破譯密碼在西班牙的斗爭中有更廣泛的意義一樣，他試圖晉升的努力也對英國社會進行了充分說明。SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:Writeae-mailtoaprofessorataBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationtobeheldatyouruniversity.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEETDonotuseyouronename.Use"LiMing"instead.(IOpoints)參考范文：Dearprofessor,asaseniorstudentfromTsinghua.Iamwritingthise-mailtoinviteyoutoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationwhichwillbeheldatouruniversityfromJune5thtoJune1Oth.Innovationisthecorefactorofeconomicgrowthandthesourceofhumanwealth,butitisaccomplishedbytheoutstandingperson.Consideringthatyouareafamousprofessorandhasmadegreatachievementsininnovat