視覺的影響課件

AmistakenimpressionHumanscanseeintothefuture,saysacognitivescientist.It'snothingliketheallegedpredictivepowersofNostradamus（占卜者）,butwedogetaglimpseofeventsone-tenthofasecondbeforetheyoccur.

Andthemechanismbehindthatcanalsoexplainwhywearetrickedbyopticalillusions.

ResearcherMarkChangiziofRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinNewYorksaysitstartswithaneurallag（神經(jīng)滯后）thatmosteveryoneexperienceswhileawake.Whenlighthitsyourretina（視網(wǎng)膜）,aboutone-tenthofasecondgoesbybeforethebraintranslatesthesignalintoavisualperceptionoftheworld.

Scientistsalreadyknewaboutthelag,yettheyhavedebatedoverexactlyhowwecompensate,withoneschoolofthoughtproposingourmotorsystemsomehowmodifiesourmovementstooffsetthedelay.

WhywouldproduceillusionChangizinowsaysit'sourvisualsystemthathasevolvedtocompensateforneuraldelays,generatingimagesofwhatwilloccurone-tenthofasecondintothefuture.Thatforesightkeepsourviewoftheworldinthepresent.Itgivesyouenoughheadsuptocatchaflyball(insteadofgettingsockedintheface)andmaneuversmoothlythroughacrowd.HisresearchonthistopicisdetailedintheMay/JuneissueofthejournalCognitiveScience.Here'showtheforesighttheorycouldexplainthemostcommonvisualillusions-geometricillusionsthatinvolveshapes:SomethingcalledtheHeringillusion,forinstance,lookslikebikespokesaroundacentralpoint,withverticallinesoneithersideofthiscentral,so-calledvanishingpoint（沒影點）.Theillusiontricksusintothinkingwearemovingforward,andthus,switchesonourfuture-seeingabilities.Sincewearen'tactuallymovingandthefigureisstatic,wemisperceivethestraightlinesascurvedones.米勒·萊爾幻覺：哪條紅線更長？【解析】信不信由你，兩條紅線完全等長。透視的運用大大地增強了傳統(tǒng)的米勒·萊爾幻覺版本的效果。

【解析】兩個內(nèi)部的圓大小完全一樣。當(dāng)一個圓被幾個較大的同心圓包圍時，它看起來要比那個被一些圓點包圍的圓小一些。

Comparewiththetwolines,whichislonger?

Whichisbiggerround?Howmanypeoplehere?Fromthispicture,youcanseehowmanypicturesofromanticpeachheart?Theansweris：7Arethepillarcircinalorasquare?Canyoufindanythingfromthegraph?AmanAbaby上-“康斯威特方塊”的色度錯覺[由于邊緣不同，看起來兩個方塊的亮度有些不同下-“伯根道夫共線錯覺”[白線共線是什么顏色的線，你如果不用尺子驗證很難看準(zhǔn)

這其實是一組平行線。這個心里面的黃色底色是不是比構(gòu)成這個心的輪廓顏色偏白？心的輪廓是不是更“黃”或者說“橘黃”？錯！實際上，這個圖像里面所有的黃色底案都是一樣顏色的。你看到的任何不同之處都只存在于你的大腦之中。這種現(xiàn)象叫做“霓虹顏色擴散”(neoncolorspreading)，因為這與霓虹燈燈光擴散的現(xiàn)象很相似。

“霓虹”心

視覺錯覺與愛情錯覺愛與丘比特這幅圖上下分別是LOVE(愛)和AMOR(丘比特)，但他們看上去就像是同一個東西，只不過顛倒了一下。這種藝術(shù)形式被稱為“雙面語”(ambigram)。TheEnigma雜志的主編JudithBagai將“ambiguous”(模棱兩可)和“anagram”(由顛倒字母構(gòu)成的短語)組合起來，創(chuàng)造了這個詞。LOVE(愛)與HATE(恨)這兩個詞竟然也可以通過鏡面對稱產(chǎn)生“雙面語”效果