商務(wù)英語(yǔ)口譯Unit 2 Price and Payment

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)口譯Unit2PriceandPayment商務(wù)英語(yǔ)口譯Unit2PriceandPayment商務(wù)英語(yǔ)口譯Unit2PriceandPayment資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月商務(wù)英語(yǔ)口譯Unit2PriceandPayment版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：摘要授課題目（章、節(jié)）Unit2PriceandPayment教學(xué)內(nèi)容及重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：掌握價(jià)格和付款方面的相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)。掌握關(guān)于價(jià)格和付款的口譯常用句型。熟悉并掌握即席演講的技巧。內(nèi)容Section2ParagraphInterpretationWords&ExpressionsPreview金融崩潰financialcollapse通縮deflationChinese-EnglishInterpretation(1)油價(jià)正逼近每桶150美元的水平。就在全球正擔(dān)心金融崩潰以及隨之而來(lái)的通縮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之際，世界上最重要的大宗商品價(jià)格在過(guò)去一年翻了一番。以實(shí)際價(jià)值計(jì)算，目前的油價(jià)水平比1981年高出25%——那一年是第二次石油危機(jī)的高峰時(shí)期。Thepriceofoiliscloseto$150abarrel.Whiletheworldisworryingabouttherisksoffinancialcollapseandensuingdeflation,thepriceoftheworld'smostimportantcommodityhasdoubledoverthepastyearInrealterms,thepriceofoilisnow25percenthigherthanthatin1979,whichwasatthepeakofthesecondoilshock.Chinese-EnglishInterpretation(2)如果預(yù)期實(shí)際油價(jià)的上漲幅度將超過(guò)替代資產(chǎn)的回報(bào)率，生產(chǎn)者就不會(huì)開(kāi)采石油。因此決定當(dāng)前價(jià)格的，是預(yù)期的未來(lái)價(jià)格。最重要的推動(dòng)因素是新興國(guó)家（尤其是中國(guó)）需求的預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)情況，以及對(duì)替代能源供應(yīng)的擔(dān)憂。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速增長(zhǎng)及其資源高度密集型的增長(zhǎng)方式，是最重要的因素。Producerswillleaveoilinthegroundiftheriseinrealoilpricesisexpectedtobefasterthanthereturnonthealternativeassets.Whatdeterminesthecurrentpricethenistheexpectedfutureprice.Themostimportantdrivershavebeentheprospectivegrowthinthedemandofemergingcountries,particularlyChina,andgloomaboutalternativesourcesofsupply.China'srapidandhighlyresource-intensivegrowthisthemostimportantfactor.Words&ExpressionsPreviewNominaldomesticdemand名義國(guó)內(nèi)需求Accelerate加速Combinedincrease增長(zhǎng)總和English-ChineseInterpretation(1)TheincreaselastyearinBriccountries'(Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina)nominaldomesticdemandwaslargerthanthecombinedincreaseintheoldeconomies.Thisyear,althoughold-economydomesticdemandgrowthmayslow,ifweincludelikelyBricdemandgrowthintheequation,globaldemandwillaccelerate.金磚四國(guó)（巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國(guó)）去年的名義國(guó)內(nèi)需求增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)了老牌經(jīng)濟(jì)體的增長(zhǎng)總和。今年，盡管老牌經(jīng)濟(jì)體的國(guó)內(nèi)需求也許會(huì)放緩，但如果我們?cè)诘仁街屑尤虢鸫u四國(guó)可能的需求增長(zhǎng)，全球需求的增長(zhǎng)將會(huì)加速。English-ChineseInterpretation(2)Indollarterms.Chinesefinaldomesticdemandgrew8percentmorethanUSdemandlastyearandislikelytorise20percentmoreinthecurrentyear.Simplyput,Chinesedemandgrowthismuchmoreimportanttotheglobalsupply-demandbalancethanUSdemandgrowth.However,someChineseeconomistsareconcernedthattherapidincreaseofChineseRMB'svaluemay,tosomeextent,threatenitseconomicdevelopment.按美元計(jì)算，去年中國(guó)最終的國(guó)內(nèi)需求比美國(guó)多增長(zhǎng)了8%，而今年可能還會(huì)再多增長(zhǎng)20%。簡(jiǎn)言之，對(duì)全球供需平衡而言，中國(guó)的需求增長(zhǎng)比美國(guó)重要得多。但是，中國(guó)的一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心，人民幣的快速升值可能會(huì)在一定程度上影響中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。Section3PassageInterpretationEnglish-ChineseInterpretationWorldTradeGrows,ButSlows世界貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)放緩TheWorldTradeOrganization's(WTO)annualreportfindsworld-tradegrowthslowedt05.5percentin2007from8.5percenttheyearbefore.WTOpredictsglobaltradegrowthwillcontinuetoslowthisyear.世界貿(mào)易組織發(fā)表的一份年度報(bào)告稱，世界貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)從2006年的8.5%減慢到2007年的5.5%。世貿(mào)組織預(yù)計(jì)，2008年的全球貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)將繼續(xù)放慢。TheWorldTradeOrganizationsaystheglobalfinancialcrisisishavinganegativeimpactonworldtrade.But,itsaystheresultsareuneven,withthewealthiercountriesgenerallydoingworsethanthepoorercountries.世貿(mào)組織說(shuō)，全球的金融危機(jī)正在對(duì)世界貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。不過(guò)，世貿(mào)組織說(shuō)，影響結(jié)果并不平衡，總體來(lái)說(shuō)富有國(guó)家比貧窮國(guó)家情況更糟。Thereportsaysthefinancialmarketturbulencehasconsiderablyreducedeconomicgrowthprojectionsforsomemajordevelopedmarketsandhascloudedtheprospectsforworldtradenextyear.ItsaystheU.S.subprimemortgageandbankingcrisesarelikelytofurtherdepressglobaltradegrowth.報(bào)告指出，金融市場(chǎng)的動(dòng)蕩在很大程度上減少了一些主要發(fā)達(dá)市場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)，給明年的世界貿(mào)易前景蒙上陰影。報(bào)告說(shuō)，美國(guó)的次貸危機(jī)和銀行業(yè)危機(jī)可能會(huì)使全球貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)陷入進(jìn)一步的衰退。ItexpectseconomicgrowthintheUnitedStateswillbeflatthisyearandwillhaverepercussionselsewhere,especiallyinEuropetaterintheyear.世貿(mào)組織預(yù)計(jì)，今年美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力，并將影響其他地方，尤其是今年晚些時(shí)候?qū)⒉皻W洲。WTOsenioreconomist.MichaelFinger.saysthestrengthoftheoilandcommoditypricesisanotherworryingfactor.世貿(mào)組織資深經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家邁克爾·芬格對(duì)記者說(shuō)，另外一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的因素是石油和商品價(jià)格的堅(jiān)挺。"Theoilimportingcountrieswillhavetoadjustrothemuchhighercostofenergyandthiserodesthepurchasingpowerofconsumersandincreasesthecostforbusinessandthiswillhaveafurtheradverseeffect,"hesaid.他說(shuō)：“石油進(jìn)口國(guó)必須做出調(diào)整，適應(yīng)更高的能源成本，因?yàn)檫@侵吞了消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買力，增加了商業(yè)成本，并將產(chǎn)生進(jìn)一步的反作用?！盩heWTOreportsworldtradewillcontinuetoslowmarkedlynextyear,butnotallregionswillsuffer.ItnotesMexioandCanada,whichareclosesttotheUnitedStates.willfeelthebruntoftheslowdown.ButrepercussionswillbesmalleramongEuropeancountriesthattradewitheachother.世貿(mào)組織的報(bào)告說(shuō)，明年的世界貿(mào)易將顯著放緩，但并非所有地區(qū)都受到影響。報(bào)告說(shuō)，離美國(guó)最近的墨西哥和加拿大將首當(dāng)其沖受到美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的影響，但對(duì)相互進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的歐洲國(guó)家的影響將較小。WTODirector-GeneralPascalLamyacknowledgestheglobaleconomyisgoingthroughanuncertainanddifficultperiod.But,hewarnsprotectionistpoliciessurfacinginsomecountriesarenosolutiontotheseproblems.Hesaysareinforcedtradingsystemisanessentialanchorforeconomicstabilityanddevelopment.世貿(mào)組織干事長(zhǎng)帕斯卡爾·掩米承認(rèn)，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正經(jīng)歷著不確定性和困難的時(shí)期。不過(guò)他警告說(shuō)，一些國(guó)家正在出現(xiàn)的保護(hù)主義政策解決不了目前的問(wèn)題。他說(shuō)，強(qiáng)化的貿(mào)易體系是經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展的必不可少的基石。Chinese-EnglishInterpretation食品安全要靠自由貿(mào)易OnlyFreeTradeCanGuaranteeRealFoodSecurity由于最近全球市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)明顯短缺引起價(jià)格上漲，英國(guó)政府對(duì)食品安全深表?yè)?dān)憂。不過(guò)，雖然相應(yīng)提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出是明智的，但并不能從安全角度得到證明。TheBritishgovernmentisconcernedaboutfoodsecuritybecauseoftherecentescalationofpricescausedbytheapparentshortageofsupplyintheglobalmarket.Butwhileitmakessensetoincreaseagriculturaloutputsresponsibly,thiscannotbejustifiedonthegroundsofsecurity目前，英國(guó)的糧食自給率約為60%，其余40%主要由因氣候因素?zé)o法在英國(guó)種植的作物組成。由于限制進(jìn)口的保護(hù)主義壁壘，在1846年以前，英國(guó)實(shí)際上是自給自足的。但羅伯特皮爾爵士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政府打破了這種局面，廢除《谷物法》，允許廉價(jià)糧食進(jìn)入英國(guó)，以養(yǎng)活快速增飫的城市人口。自給率穩(wěn)步下降，至1939年時(shí)，僅為不足40%。二戰(zhàn)后，英國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出穩(wěn)步上升，到上世紀(jì)70年代，英國(guó)農(nóng)民所占市場(chǎng)份額從40%提升至70%的最高水平。這種結(jié)果是在保護(hù)主義壁壘下實(shí)現(xiàn)的。加入歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體時(shí)，英國(guó)農(nóng)民在鼓勵(lì)下生產(chǎn)了大量余糧，然后不得不在世界市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行傾銷。歐盟后來(lái)實(shí)施了產(chǎn)量限制，一些土地不再進(jìn)行作物生產(chǎn)。結(jié)果，英國(guó)的自給率降至目前的60%一一依然處于較高的歷史水平。odayBritainisabout60percentself-sufficientinfoodproduction.Muchoftheremaining40percentismadeupofcropsthatcouldnotbegrownhereforclimaticreasons.Until1846Britainwasvirtuallyself-sufficient,thankstoprotectionistbarriersthatrestrictedimports.Butthesewereslashedbythegovernmentof-SirRobertPeelwhenherepealedtheCornLaws,therebyallowingcheapfoodintothecountrytofeedtherapidlyexpandingurbanpopulation.Self-sufficiencydeclinedsteadilyandwaslessthan40percentby1939.Afterthewaragriculturaloutputrosesteadily,andBritishfarmersincreasedtheirmarketsharefrom40percenttoapeakof70percentinthe1970s.Thiswasachievedbehindprotectionistbarriers.WhenBritainjoinedtheEuropeanEconomicCommunityitsfarmerswereencouragedtoproducelargesurpluses,whichhadtobedumpedontheworld'smarkets.TheEuropeanUnionthenimposedproductionrestraints,takinglandoutofcropproduction.ConsequentlyBritishself-sufficiencydeclinedto60percenttoday-stillahighfigureinhistoricterms.如果英國(guó)單方面決定將自給率提升至70%一75%，它就只能重新引入國(guó)家保護(hù)主義壁壘，限制廉價(jià)進(jìn)口。而此時(shí)，世界其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)都在尋求削減農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼。如果實(shí)施這項(xiàng)政策，英國(guó)就只能退出歐盟，從而帶來(lái)影響深遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。IfBritain,unilaterally,decidedtoincreasethisto70-75percentitwouldhavetoreintroducenationalprotectionistbarrierstorestrictcheapimports.Thiswouldcomeastherestoftheworldisseekingtoreducesubsidies.IfthispolicywerepursuedBritainwouldhavetowithdrawfromtheEU,withprofoundeconomicconsequences.然而，在歐洲市場(chǎng)一體化的背景下，英國(guó)的自給率實(shí)際更高：它能夠以零關(guān)稅從南歐購(gòu)買因氣候原因無(wú)法在本國(guó)種植的水果和蔬菜。歐盟是糧食凈出口國(guó)。InthecontextoftheEuropeansinglemarket,however,Britainismuchmoreself-sufficient,beingabletopurchasetariff-freefruitandvegetablesfromsouthernEuropewhichwouldnotgrowherebecauseoftheclimate.TheEUisanetexporteroffood.不過(guò)，盡管食品安全不是英國(guó)或歐洲的問(wèn)題，卻是許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家和地區(qū)的問(wèn)題。由于價(jià)格飆升，埃及和菲律賓等糧食凈進(jìn)口大國(guó)均面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治危機(jī)。要解決供給不足的問(wèn)題，歐盟在實(shí)施多年的限制后增加產(chǎn)出是明智的。However,whilefoodsecurityisnotaBritishorEuropeanissue,itisinmanypartsofthedevelopingworld.CountriessuchasEgyptandthePhilippines,largenetimportersoffood,faceeconomicandpoliticalcrisesasaresultofsoaringprices.ItmakessensefortheEUtoincreaseoutputafteryearsofrestrainttoaddresstheshortfall.可以立即采取的措施有三個(gè)：應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除所有對(duì)產(chǎn)量的限制措施；應(yīng)當(dāng)緊急重審將土地用途從糧食轉(zhuǎn)為生物燃料的計(jì)劃；應(yīng)當(dāng)扭轉(zhuǎn)糧食研究支出的下滑趨勢(shì)。Threeinitiativescouldbelaunchedimmediately.Allrestraintsonproductionshouldbeabandoned.PlanstoswitchIandfromfoodtobiofuelsshouldbeurgentlyreviewed.FinaIly,thedownwardtrendinexpenditureonfoodresearchshouldbereversed.較富裕的國(guó)家可以以各種方式做出反應(yīng)。它們可以向較貧窮的鄰國(guó)提供資金，使其能夠充分利用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)；建設(shè)至關(guān)重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，用于貯水和成功貯藏收獲的作物；投資轉(zhuǎn)基因食品等新技術(shù)的研究，以生產(chǎn)能抵御極端天氣的作物。Richercountriescanrespondinvariousways.Theycanprovidefundstotheirpoorerneighborstoenablethemtoexploitexistingtechnology,createvitalinfrastructurefortheconservationofwaterandsuccessfulstorageofharvestedcropsandinvestinresearchintonewtechnologies,suchasgeneticallymodifiedfoods,toproducecropsthatcancopewithweatherextremes.優(yōu)先考慮的重點(diǎn)，不應(yīng)當(dāng)是重新采取食品安全擁護(hù)者提出的保護(hù)主義措施，而是減少食品貿(mào)易壁壘，讓那些必須進(jìn)口的國(guó)家（包括英國(guó)和許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家