英語從句講解

英語從句講解英語從句講解英語從句講解xxx公司英語從句講解文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度SimplesentenceCompoundsentenceComplexsentence從句：名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）形容詞性從句(定語從句)副詞性從句（狀語從句）英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句，統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句主語從句subjectiveclause一般由what,who,which,why,how,when,which,whether…or…等引導(dǎo)，如果從句較長，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有：Itisself-evidentthat…很明顯的是Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…不用說Itisassertedthat．．．有人主張……Itisbelievedthat．．．據(jù)信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat．．．人們普遍認(rèn)為……Itishopedthat．．．人們希望……Itisreportedthat．．．據(jù)報道……Itissaidthat．．．據(jù)說……Itissupposedthat．．．據(jù)推測．．．Itiswell-knownthat．．．眾所周知……Itmustbeadmittedthat．．．必須承認(rèn)……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否認(rèn)……Itmustbepointedoutthat．．．需指出的是……Itwastoldthat．．．據(jù)傳……Itwillbesaidthat．．．有人會說……Itfollowsthat…由此可見Itisinappropriatethat………是不合適的2)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“...的東西時”，一般不用it作形式主語。Whatwelackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，都用陳述語序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.2.賓語從句objectiveclause1）賓語從句可位于及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that常可省略。介詞后一般接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。inthat(因為),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已構(gòu)成固定搭配，其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.Compliment2)賓語從句后如有賓補(bǔ)，要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞后的賓語從句中，如果謂語是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上，賓語從句則變成肯定形式。Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.表語從句PredictiveclauseLinkingverb表語從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+系動詞+表語從句”的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外，還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo)。that?？墒÷?。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmericaThereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.4.同位語從句appositionalclause同位語從句用于對前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明，一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)，由于先行名詞的意義不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由于謂語較短，將同位語從句位于謂語之后。Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.5.定語從句attributiveclause定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。*限制性定語從句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，對先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無逗號，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有時也可指物，相當(dāng)于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語時不可用that，只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語從句句末時，作為介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，意義上相當(dāng)于一個“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.*非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個主句，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，與主句之間有逗號隔開，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介詞+which\whom\whose”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞+which\whom\whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.Thegirltowhomyouspeakismysister.*as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)的定語從句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，代替整個主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行詞problems)Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主語)6.狀語從句adverbialclause*時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.*地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語從句1）引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,Inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動詞。Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*條件和讓步狀語從句1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinet