武科大機械專業(yè)英語Lesson

Lesson39GearManufacturingMethodsTerminologyTexttour

12/24/20221《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》Terminology12/24/20222《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》AnnularShapedlikeorformingaring.環(huán)形的，輪狀的：形狀像環(huán)或形成環(huán)狀。Annulargear內(nèi)齒輪,齒圈（也稱為internalgear）《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》12/24/2022Helicalgear斜齒輪

3Hob

滾刀12/24/2022《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》4Worm蝸桿Wormgear

1.Agearconsistingofaspirallythreadedshaftandawheelwithmarginalteeththatmeshintoit蝸輪蝸桿副2.Thetoothedwheelofthisgear,awormwheel蝸輪12/24/2022《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》5Broach

拉刀SwarfFinemetallicfilingsorshavingsremovedbyacuttingtool.小鐵屑：用銼或剃等加工方法去除的細小金屬屑。12/24/2022《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》6DressingDressingistheprocessofconditioningworngrainsonthesurfaceofagrindingwheelbyproducingsharpnewedgesongrainssothattheycancutmoreefficiently.砂輪修整：使砂輪表面磨鈍的磨粒上產(chǎn)生新的鋒利的切削刃，使其能夠更有效地進行切削工作。12/24/2022《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》7GearPlaning（刨齒）Theshapeofthespacebetweengearteethiscomplexandvarieswiththenumberofteethonthegearaswellastoothmodule（模數(shù)），somostgearmanufacturingmethodsgeneratethetoothflank(齒腹)insteadofforming（采用展成法加工齒面而不是采用成形法加工）.《機械工程專業(yè)英語教程》12/24/2022Texttour8Gearplaningusesa

reciprocatingrack（往復運動的齒條刀）,

stroking（擊、打、切）inthedirectionofthehelix（螺旋）onagearwithagradualgenerationofformastherackeffectivelyrollsroundthe

gearblank(齒輪毛坯)（當齒條刀繞齒輪坯料滾切并沿其螺旋線方向運動時，齒形就會被逐漸展成）.…………Therack

isrelievedoutofcontact（脫離接觸）forthereturnstroke

asinnormalshapingorplaning（與普通的刨削加工相同）.Ithasthegreatadvantagethatthecuttingtoolisasimplerackwith(nearly)straightsidedteethwhichcaneasilybegroundaccurately(刀具為具有直線齒形或者接近與直線齒形的齒條，其齒面易于進行精確磨削加工).…………Thismethodislittleused(幾乎乎不用用)forhighproductionbecauseitisrelativelyslowinoperationduetothehightoolandslidemass(由于刀刀具和和滑枕枕的質(zhì)質(zhì)量較較大)；forjobbing（重復復性很很小的的工作作）purposestheslowstrokingratedoesnotmatterandlowtoolcostsgiveanadvantagewhereunusualsizesorprofilemodificationsarerequired.（對于于單件件或者者少量量的齒齒輪加加工而而言，，緩慢的的行程程速度度帶來的的影響響不大大，而而且較較低的的刀具具成本本對于于那些些特殊規(guī)規(guī)格和需要要進行行齒廓廓修形形的齒齒輪來來說則則是一一個有有利的的條件件）GearShaping（插齒））Gearshapingisinherentlysimilartogearplaning（刨齒齒加工工）butusesacircularcutter（圓形形刀具具）insteadofarack(齒齒條刀刀)andtheresultingreductioninthereciprocatinginertia（運動動慣性性）allowsmuchhigherstrokingspeeds（行程程速度度）；；moderngearshapers（插齒齒機））cuttingcargearscanrunat2000cuttingstrokesperminute.Theshapeofthecutterisroughlythesameasaninvolutegear（漸開線線齒輪輪）butthetipsoftheteetharerounded.Thegeneratingdrivebetweencutterandworkpiecedoesnotinvolvearackorleadscrewsinceonlycircularmotionisinvolved（由于于刀具具與工工件之之間的的展成成運動動只包包含圓周運運動，因此此不需需要齒齒條或或者絲杠）.Thetoolandworkpiecemovetangentially(切向向移動動)typically0.5mmforeachstrokeofthecutter.Onthereturnstrokethecuttermustberetracted（退讓讓）about1mmtogiveclearanceotherwisetoolruboccursonthebackstroke（退刀刀）andfailureisrapid.Theadvantagesofgearshapingarethatproductionratesarerelativelyhighandthatitispossibletocutrightuptoashoulder（將齒齒插到到接近近軸肩肩處））.Unfortunately,forhelicalgears（斜齒齒輪））,ahelicalguide（螺旋導導軌））isrequiredtoimposearotationalmotiononthestrokingmotion（需要要有一一個能能夠產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生繞繞插齒運運動行程本本身旋旋轉(zhuǎn)的的螺旋旋導軌軌）；；……………suchhelicalguidescannotbeproducedeasilyorcheaplysothemethodisonlysuitableforlongrunswithhelicalgears（斜齒齒輪的的大批批量加加工））sincespecialcuttersandguidesmustbemanufacturedforeachdifferenthelixangle.Agreatadvantageofgearshapingisitsabilitytocutannular（環(huán)形形的，，輪狀狀的））gearssuchasthoserequiredforlargeepicyclicdrives（行星星齒輪輪傳動動）.GearHobbing（滾齒齒）Gearhobbing，，themostusedmetalcuttingmethod，usestherackgeneratingprinciple（（齒齒條展展成原原理））butavoidsslowreciprocationbymountingmany““racks””onarotatingcutter（旋轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)刀具具）.The““racks””aredisplacedaxiallytoformagashed（很深深的裂裂縫））worm（（這些些“齒齒條””軸向向排布布，形形成了了有縫的蝸桿桿）.Metalremovalratesarehighsincenoreciprocationofhoborworkpiece（滾刀刀和工工件））isrequiredandsocuttingspeedsof40m/mincanbeusedforconventionalhobs（普通通滾刀刀）andupto150m/minforcarbidehobs（硬質(zhì)質(zhì)合金金滾刀刀）.Typicallywitha100mmdiameterhobtherotationspeedwillbe100rpmandsoatwentytoothworkpiecewillrotateat5rpm.………………Eachrevolutionoftheworkpiecewillcorrespondto0.75mmfeedsothehobwilladvancethroughtheworkpieceatabout4mmperminute.Forcarproductionroughingmultiplestarthobs（多頭頭粗加加工滾滾刀））canbeusedwithcoarsefeedsof3mmperrevolutionsothat100rpmonthecutter,atwo-starthob（雙頭滾滾刀））anda20toothgearwillgiveafeedrateof30mm/min.GearBroaching（拉齒齒）Gearbroachingisnotusuallyusedforhelicalgears（斜齒輪輪）butisusefulforinternalspurgears（直齒輪輪）；；theprincipleuseofbroachinginthiscontext（在這這種情情況下下）isforinternalsplines（內(nèi)花鍵鍵）whichcannoteasilybemadebyanyothermethod.Aswithallbroachingthemethodisonlyeconomicforlargequantitiessincesetupcosts（設備備的費費用））arehigh.GearBroachinggiveshighaccuracyandlowsurfaceroughness（低表表面粗粗糙度度）butlikeallcuttingprocessesislimitedto““soft””materialswhichmustbesubsequently（隨后后）case-hardenedorheattreated（表面硬硬化或或者熱熱處理理），，givingdistortion（（產(chǎn)生生變形形）.GearShaving（剃齒齒）Gearshavingisusedasfinishingprocessesforgearsinthe““soft””state.Theobjectiveistoimprovesurfaceroughnessandprofile（降低齒面粗粗糙度和改善善齒廓形狀））bymatingtheroughed-outgearwitha“cutter”whichwillimproveform（通過采用用具有較高齒齒形精度的““刀具”與經(jīng)經(jīng)過粗加工的的齒輪進行嚙嚙合）.Agearshavingcutterlookslikeagearwhichhasextraclearance（（附加的凹槽）attheroot(forswarfandcoolantremoval細鐵屑冷卻液排除)andwhosetoothflankshavebeengrooved（開小槽）togivecuttingedges（形成切削刃）.…………Itisruninmeshwiththeroughgearwithcrossedaxes（剃齒刀刀與經(jīng)過粗加加工的齒輪成成交錯軸嚙合合傳動）sothatthereisintheorypointcontact（（點接觸）witharelativevelocityalongtheteeth（沿輪齒）givingscrapingaction（刮削作用））.Thegearshavingcutterteetharerelativelyflexibleinbendingandsowillonlyoperateeffectivelywhentheyareindoublecontactbetweentwogearteeth（剃齒刀的的刀齒具有相相當?shù)膹澢崛嵝?，因此，，只有當它們們在兩個輪齒齒之間并且與與這兩個輪齒齒都接觸時，，才能有效地地進行切削工工作）.……………Thegearandcutteroperateathighrotationalspeedswithtraversing（通過、穿過過）oftheworkfaceandabout100micronofmaterialisremoved.Cycletimes（周期時間））canbelessthanhalfaminuteandthemachinesarenotexpensivebutcutteraredelicate（精密）anddifficulttomanufacture.GearGrinding（磨齒）Geargrindingisextremelyimportantbecauseitisthemainwayhardenedgears（淬硬齒輪）aremachined.Whenhighaccuracyisrequireditisnotsufficienttopre-correct（預先校正））forheattreatmentdistortionandgrindingisthennecessary.Thesimplestapproachtogeargrindingisformgrinding（成形磨削法法）.Thewheelprofileisdressed（修整）accuratelytoshapeusingsinglepointdiamondswhicharecontrolledbytemplatescuttotheexactshaperequired（采用由精密切削成形形的樣板控制的單單刃金剛石可可以將砂輪修修整成精確的的形狀）.…………Theprofiledwheelisthenreciprocated（往返進給））axiallyalongthegear（沿軸向）,whenonetoothshapehasbeenfinished,involvingtypically100micronmetalremoval,thegearisindexedto（索引、分度到到）thenexttoothspace.Thismethodisfairlyslowbutgiveshighaccuracyconsistently.Settingupislengthybecausedifferentdressingtemplates（砂輪修整樣板板）areneededifmodule,numberofteeth,helixangle,orprofilecorrection（齒廓修形量量）arechanged.Thefastestgeargrindingmethodusesthesameprincipleasgearhobbing（滾齒））butreplacesagashedandrelievedworm（有有排屑槽的蝸蝸桿形滾齒刀刀）byagrindingwheelwhichisarackinsection（截面面為齒條的砂砂輪）.……………Onlysinglestartworms（單頭蝸桿形））arecutonthewheel（砂輪））butgearrotationspeedsarehigh,100rpmtypically,soitis