語言學(xué)第四章課后練習(xí)

.8.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andinsomecasesaspecifier.Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeachphrases.a.richinmineralsAPA PPP NPNRich in mineralsb.oftenreaddetectivestoriesVPQual V NPA NOften readdetectivestoriesc.theargumentagainsttheproposalsNPNP PPDet N P NPDet Nthe argumentagainst theproposals精品文檔.d.alreadyabovethewindowPPQual P NPDet Nalreadyabovethe windowThefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.a.Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution.InflP(S)NP Infl VPV NP PPDet AP NNonepstDet NP NPAAP NAA crippledpassenger landedtheairplanewith extremecautionb.Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.InflP(s)NP Infl VPDetAPN V PPP NPADetAP NAAhugemoon hung in theblack skyC.Themanexaminedhiscarcarefully yesterday.精品文檔.InflP （S）NP infl VPDet N pst V NP Adv AdvDetNThe manexaminedhiscar carefullyyesterdayd.Awoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.InflP(S)NPInflVPDetAPNPPVPPPNPPNPDetNDetNAwoodenhut neatthe lake collapsedin the storm精品文檔.10.Thefollowing sentences all contain conjoined categories. Drawatree structureforeachofthesentences.a.Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.InflP(=S)NP ＶＰAux V NPNDet A NPN CONNJim has washedthe dirty shirtsandpantsorInflP(=S)NP ＶＰAux V NPNDet A NPN CONNJim has washedthe dirty shirtsandpantsb.Helenputonherclothesandwentout.InflP(=S)NP VPVP CON VPVP NP V AdvV P Det N精品文檔.Helenput on herclothesand went outORInflP(=S)NP Infl VPpstVP CON VPVP NP V AdvV P Det NHelenput on herclothesand went outc.Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.InflP(=S)NP VPVP CON VPNVP NP VP NPV A P N V A P NMary is fondof literature but (is)tiredofstatisticsORInflP(=S)Infl精品文檔.NP VPnonpstVP CON VPNVP NP VP NPV A P N V A P NMary is fondof literature but (is)tiredofstatistics11.Thefollowingsentencesallcontaincontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.YouknowthatIhatewar.SNP VPN V CPC SNP VPNNPNYou knowthat I hate watORSNP Infl VPNNonpstV CPC SNP VP精品文檔.NNPNYou knowthat I hate watGerrybelievesthefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.SNP VPN VP NPNP CPV C SDet N NP VPNV NPDetANGerry believe the fact thatAnnaflunked theEnglishexamChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.SNP VPN V A CPC SNP VPDetN VNP NPNDet NChris was happy thathis father bought him aRolls-RoyceThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.SNP VPDet N VP CP精品文檔.V P C SNP VPN V NPNThechildrenargued overwhetherbats hadwings12.a.Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.DeepstructureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V APC S Deg PNPInfl VPNPNNThe essay he wrote that was toolongSurfacestructureCP精品文檔.C SNP VPDet N CP V APC S Deg PNPNPInfl VPV NPNN NTheessaythathe wrote e was toolongb.Hebertboughtahousethatsheloved.DeepstructureCPC SNP VPN Infl V NPDetN CPC SNPInflVPN V NPN精品文檔.Hebert boughtahouse shelovedthatSurfacestructureCPC SNP VPN Infl V NPDetN CPC SNP NPInflVPN N V NPNHebert boughtahousethat shelovedec.Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.DeepstructureCPC SNP VPDetN CP V PPCInfl S P NPNP VPNPN V N精品文檔.The girl he adores whommajors inlinguisticsSurfacestructureCPC SNP VPDetN CP V PPCInfl S P NPNP NP VPNPN N V NThe girl whom he adores e majors inlinguistics13.a.Wouldyoucometomorrow?DeepstructureCPC SNP VPN Infl V AdvPAdv精品文檔.You would come tomorrowSurfacestructureCPC SInflNP VPN Infl V AdvPAdvwouldyou e come tomorrowb.WhatdidHelenbringtotheparty?DeepstructureCPC SNP VPInfl