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北京市朝陽區(qū)高三年級高考練習一英語試題(考試時間100分鐘滿分120分)本試卷共11頁。考生務必將答案答在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效。第一部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié),45分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個適當的單詞, 在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Withourgraduationdayaroundthecorner,Iwasbusypreparingpresentsformyfriends.Asusual,Iwalkedintotheclassroom,only1(find)abigboxstandingthere.Approaching,Isawmyname2(write)onit.Iwasquiteshockedwhenthebox3(open)andIsaw“myself”,avividstatue,sittinginsidesmilingupatme.Iwasatacompletelossforwords.Itwasthemostunique,unconventionalpresentinmylife.【答案】1.tofindwritten/waswrittenwasopened/opened【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了即將畢業(yè),“我”在給朋友們準備禮物,當“我”走進教室,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個大箱子站在那里,里面是自己的雕像,這是對“我”來說最特別最珍貴的禮物了?!?題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意:像往常一樣,我走進教室,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個大箱子站在那里。分析句子可知,此處應用動詞不定式作結果狀語; onlytodosth.是一個比較特殊的不定式結構,常用于表示一種意想不到的結果。故填tofind?!?題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)/非謂語動詞。此處動詞 write與其邏輯主語“name”之間是被動關系,所以可以用過去分詞作后置定語;動詞 saw后可以加句子,根據全文的時態(tài)用一般過去時可知,此處也用一般過去時,所以此處也可以用waswritteno故填written/waswritten?!?題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處動詞open與其邏輯主語“thebox”之間是被動關系,根據全文的時態(tài)用一般過去時可知,此處也用一般過去時,所以此處可以用 wasopened,表示箱子被打開了;也可以理解為箱子主動開了,用open的主動形式,時態(tài)用一般過去時,即 opened。故填wasopened/opened。B閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個適當的單詞, 在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。AnalysisfindsEarth'smWgn糊的)fieldwasinplacebyatleast3.7billionyearsago,asearlylifearose.Scientiststhinkthathavingamagneticfield4(make)Earthmorefriendlytolife.Thefield,5isgeneratedbyliquidironmovingaboutintheplanet 'scoe6potegtsrgattbparticles(粒子)flowingfromtheSun.Ithelpstheplanetholdontoitsatmosphereandmaintainliquidwateronitssurface.【答案】4.makes5.which6.from【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了磁場對地球的好處。【4題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:科學家認為有磁場使地球對生命更加友好。根據前面的“ think”可知,時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時;從句的主語“havingamagneticfield”表單數,所以動詞用第三人稱單數形式。故填makes?!?題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知,這是一個非限制性定語從句,且空格處在從句中作主語,所以用which引導該從句。故填which。【6題詳解】考查介詞。protect???from..是固定短語,意為“保護 不受 "。故填from。C閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1個適當的單詞, 在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Doyouhaveamentor(導)helpingyoumakedecisionsinyourlife?Ifyoudo,thenyouareaveryluckyperson.7Pifnot,thenreadthebookTuesdayswithMorrie.Ittellsthetruestoryoftheauthor,MitchAlbom,andhisdyingformerprofessor,MorrieSchwartz.8youreadthisbook,youwilllearnsomeverymeaningfullessonsfromaprofessordyingfromLouGehrigMitchvisitsMorrieeveryTuesday,the78-year-oldprofessorshareswordsof9(wise)aboutlove,life,communication,values,andopennesswithhisformerstudent.Asabeautifultale10(deliver)manypowerfullessonsaboutlife,thisbookshouldbehighoneveryone 'sreadinglist.【答案】7.But8.As/When/Once/If/After9.wisdom10.delivering【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了《相約星期二》這本書的主要內容?!?題詳解】考查連詞。根據空格前的“Ifyoudo」'?和空格后的“ifnot」'?可知,空格前后之間是轉折關系,應用轉折連詞but。故填But?!?題詳解】考查連詞/介詞。句意:你讀了這本書,你將從一位死于盧格里格病的教授身上學到一些非常有意義的教訓。根據空格后的句意和語境可知,此處可以用 as“當……時”或when"當……時”或once“一旦”或if“如果”或after"……之后”。故填As/When/Once/If/After?!?題詳解】考查詞性轉換。介詞 of后接名詞,所以此處用名詞形式。故填wisdom?!?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于一個美麗的故事傳遞許多關于生活的強有力的教訓,這本書應該是每個人的閱讀清單上的頂端。分析句子可知,該句的謂語動詞是 be,所以此處應用非謂語動詞;動詞deliver與tale之間是主動關系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填deliveringo第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,共30分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Gidda'sTeamThedoorclosedbehindMalik,makingMamalookupfromthehotmeal. "Justintimefordinner.Willy11Gidda,please?”GiddawasstayinginMaliksbedroom.Hed2igivinguphisroomforhis82-year-oldgrandmotherGiddawasstayinginMalikatfirst.Butthenshedidn 'tleave3MaliOverhersuitcaseonthefloor. "Sorry,“Giddasaid.nuisance(討厭的人)here.I'j14 "Malikdidn'tanswerashehelpedherupfromherchair.Atdinner,MamaaskedMalik, "How's5/ourwiththecoach?”Malikwascaptainofschoolsoccerteam,andhehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththecoach.Theyhundredsofdollarsto16theiroldshirts,andthatseemedunlikelyunlessMalikcameupwitha(n)17plan.Unwillingly,Maliksaid, "It'sjustteamstuff. 18'ChMaglingirhedtoGidda. "Doyouwanttogositoutsideafterdinner? ”Giddaagreed.Inthesoftwarmthoftheevening,Giddasettledherselfbeneaththeenormousfig(無花果)tree.“Feelslikehome,"shesaid.ButMal9(, “Itdropsfigseverywhere. "Rightthen,afiglandedonhishead.Giddalaughed,pickeditup,andtooka20 . “Perfect.Pickmeabunch.I 'llmakefigcakes.”Thenextmorning,MalikfoundGiddamakingfigcakesinthekitchen.Sheofferedhimone.Malik,hopingitwasn'ttooawful,putitinhismouth.Hiseyes21ashechewed.Itwasdelicious.Heeyedthetreeinthebackyard.Howmanyfigcakescouldit22 ?Malikgrabbedhisphoneandstarted23inarushofexcitement.Anhourlater,mostofthesoccerteamgatheredinthekitchen,andateupfigcakes."Gidda'sFabulous^41)FigCakes!”Maliksaid.24Wthem!Giddasaidtheywereeasytomake;she'll25ushow.”Atdinnerthatnight,GiddasharedtheirplanwithMama,smiling26assherepeatedthetitleMalikgaveonher,“TeamGrandmother.”Thenextday,thekitchenwasfullof27 .Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys,Giddataughtthemtomakefigcakes.Soonthefigcakespiledup.AsMalik28 ,Gidda'sFabulousFigCakeswereahugehitandtheywerequicklysoldout.Whenthenew29arrivedjustintimefortheopeninggame,CoachGarciainvitedGiddatowatch.Shearrivedearly,andwavedatMalik.Thensheturned30toshowoffhershirt.OnthebackwerethewordsTeamGrandmother.11.A.watchB.fetchC.visitD.serve12.A.allowB.enjoyC.considerD.mind13.A.lookedB.handedC.trippedD.turned14.A.uselessB.unluckyC.scaredD.nervous15.A.trainingB.appointmentC.negotiationD.meeting
16.A.buyB.replace16.A.buyB.replaceC.ironD.abandon17.A.brilliantB.randomC.originalD.personal18.A.planB.attitudeC.subjectD.way19.A.repeatedB.reportedC.explainedD.complained20.A.pictureB.testC.biteD.break21.A.widenedB.movedC.focusedD.opened22.A.produceB.donateC.deliverD.exchange23.A.runningB.textingC.shoutingD.thinking24.A.presentB.sendC.sellD.reserve25.A.prepareB.showC.chooseD.write26.A.proudlyB.politelyC.shylyD.bitterly27.A.tensionB.hopeC.praiseD.energy28.A.promisedB.predictedC.announcedD.identified29.A.socksB.bootsC.uniformsD.gloves30.A.backB.awayC.downD.around【答案】11.B12.D13.C 14.A15.D16.B 17.A18C 19.20.C21.A22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D【解析】本文是一篇記述文。文章主要講述了吉達和馬利克的團隊通過制作無花果蛋糕捐錢更換他們的舊制服參加比賽的故事?!?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:請你去接吉達好嗎? A.watch觀察,看守; B.fetch請來,吸引; C.visit拜訪;D.serve招待,服務于。由上一句“ Justintimefordinner.”可知,此處表示請吉達來吃飯。故選B項?!?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。 句意:他一開始不介意把房間讓給 82歲的祖母。 A.allow允許;B.enjoy享受;C.consider考慮;D.mind介意。由下文“Butthenshedidn'tleav除結合語境可知,一開始他不介意把房間讓給 82歲的祖母。故選 D項。【13題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了。 A.looked看,注意; B.handed傳遞,交給;
GiddaSOd,此處指馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆C.tripped絆倒,跌倒;D.turned轉動。由下文GiddaSOd,此處指馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了。故選C項?!?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我無用。 A.useless無用的;B.unlucky不幸運的;C.scared害怕的;D.nervous緊張的。由上一句"I'mjustanuisance(厭的人)here.”可知,吉達認為自己無用。故選A項?!?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:你和教練的會面怎么樣了? A.training訓練;B.appointment約定;C.negotiation談判;D.meeting會面。由下文中的"hehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththecoach”可知,馬利克跟教練見面商量籌款人的事情。故選D項。16題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。則這似乎不太可能。句意:他們不得不籌集數百美元來更換舊襯衫,除非馬利克想出一個絕妙的計劃,否考查動詞詞義辨析。則這似乎不太可能。A.buy購買;B.replace更換,替換;C.iron熨;D.abandon拋棄。由空格后的"theiroldshirts"和下文"shirts"和下文"Whenthenew數百美元來更換舊襯衫。故選【17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句發(fā)否則這似乎不太可能。的。由上文“thatseeme出一個絕妙的計劃,否則這【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:D.way方法。由上文Un題。故選C項?!緮蛋倜涝獊砀鼡Q舊襯衫。故選【17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句發(fā)否則這似乎不太可能。的。由上文“thatseeme出一個絕妙的計劃,否則這【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:D.way方法。由上文Un題。故選C項?!?9題詳解】B項。O故選A項。昌數百美元來更換舊襯衫,除非馬利克想出一個絕妙的計劃,的;B.random隨機的,任意的; C.original原來白D.personal個人ssMalikcameupwitha(n)”并結合語境可知,此處表示除非馬利克想IJ克轉向吉達。A.plan計戈ij;B.attitude態(tài)度;C.subject話題;“It'sju舞teamstu內容可知,”此處指馬利克轉移話考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:但馬利克抱怨說:“它到處都是無花果。" A.repeated重復;B.reported報告;explained解釋;D.complained抱怨。由空格前的"But"和空格后的"Itdropsfigseverywhere."可知,此處指馬利克抱怨說道。故選 D項?!?0題詳解】【【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:吉達笑了,拿起它,咬了一口。 A.picture照片,圖畫; B.test測試;C.bite咬;break休息。由下文“Perfect.Pickmeabunch.I 'llmake"figMOkeS^境可知,吉達笑了,拿起它,咬了一口。takeabite意為"吃一口"。故選C項?!?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。 句意:他邊嚼邊睜大眼睛。 A.widened放寬,睜大;B.moved移動;C.focused使聚焦;D.opened開。由下文“ Itwasdelicious.Heeyedthetreeinthebackyard.”可知,此處表示因為好吃所以他邊嚼邊睜大眼睛。故選 A項。22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:用它能制作多少無花果蛋糕? A.produce生產;B.donate捐贈;C.deliver遞送,交付;D.exchange交換。由上文的“I'llmakefigcakes.”并結合語境可知,馬利克問用它能制作多少無花果蛋糕。故選 A項。23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析 句意:馬利克拿起手機, 興奮地發(fā)短信。 A.running跑步;B.texting發(fā)短信; C.shouting吼叫;D.thinking想,考慮。由上文“ Malikgrabbedhisphone”和下文“ Anhourlater,mostofthesoccerteamgatheredinthekitchen,andateupfigcakes.”并結合語境可知,興奮地發(fā)短信。故選B項。24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們會賣掉它們! A.present贈送,頒發(fā); B.send寄,派遣; C.sell賣,銷售;D.reserve預訂。由下文“ theywerequicklysoldout”并結合語境可知,此處指賣掉它們。故選C項?!?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:吉達說它們很容易做,她會教我們怎么做的。 A.prepare準備;B.show展示;C.choose選擇;D.write寫。由下文“Giddataughtthemtomakefigcakes”并結合語境可知,此處指她會教“我們”怎么做無花果蛋糕。故選B項?!?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:那天晚上的晚餐上,吉達和媽媽分享了他們的計劃,她驕傲地微笑著,重復著馬利克給她的頭銜:“團隊祖母”。A.proudly驕傲地; B.politely禮貌地; C.shyly害羞地; D.bitterly悲痛地。由下文“thetitleMalikgaveonher, 'TeamGrandmothers語境可知,此處指她驕傲地微笑著。故選A項??疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:第二天,廚房里充滿了活力。A.tension緊張;B.hope希望;C.praise贊美;D.energy活力。由下文“Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys”并結合語境可知,此處指廚房里充滿了活力。故選D項?!?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:正如馬利克預測的那樣, 吉達的無花果蛋糕非常暢銷, 很快就賣完了。A.promised承諾;B.predicted預測;C.announced通告;D.identified識別。由上文"Maliksaid.'Wellthem!'并結合可知,正如馬利克預測的那樣,吉達的無花果蛋糕很快就賣完了。故選 B項?!?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當新制服剛好趕上首場比賽時,加西亞教練邀請吉達觀看比賽。 A.socks襪子;B.boots靴子;C.uniforms制服;D.gloves手套。由上文"They'dhavetoraisehundredsofdollarstotheiroldshirts”可知,新制服剛好趕上首場比賽。故選C項。【30題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:然后她轉過身來炫耀她的襯衫。turnback”往回走,阻擋”;turnaway“避開”;turndown”拒絕,關小“;turnaround"轉身"。由下文"OnthebackwerethewordsTeamGrandmother.”可知,此處指她轉過身。故選D項。第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,共30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡 上將該項涂黑。AMusicforLifeLearningmusicisimportantfortheeducationalandpersonaldevelopmentofyoungpeople!Learninganinstrument:howdopupilschoose?Allourteachersarehighlyqualifiedandexperiencedmusicians,andpupilscanlearntoplayawiderangeofinstruments,fromthekeyboardtothedrums(鼓).Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometothecentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,andtheycanalsoseeandhearclassesinaction.
Whoisresponsibleforbuyingtheinstruments?Parentsusuallyhavetoprovideinstruments.Butparentsofbeginnersareadvisednottobuyaninstrumentuntiltheyaretoldthataplaceisavailable.Theyshouldalsofindoutfromtheteacherthemostsuitabletypeofinstrumenttoget.Whenandwheredolessonstakeplace?Lessonsareavailableinmanyschools,usuallyduringtheday.Ifthereisnolessonavailableforaparticularinstrumentinaparticularschool,otherarrangementscanbemadeatoneofourmusiccentresforlessonsonSaturdayafternoonsorweekdayevenings.Howarepupilstaught?Pupilscanlearninsmallgroups,inclassesorindividually,dependingontheirneeds.Smallgroupsofthreepupilshavelessonsthatlastthirtyminutes.Classlessonslastforty-fiveminutesandhaveatleasttenpupils.Individuallessonsareofferedonlytopupilswhohavesomeexperience.Startingyoung:whencanpupilsbegin?Childrenarenevertooyoungtobecomeinterestedinmusic.Wehavespecial “MusicalYouth”childrenfromtheageof3to8.Thesearedesignedtoencourageyoungchildrentoenjoymusicthroughavarietyofactivitiesincludingsinging,musicalgames,listeningandmovement. “MusicalYouth”classestakemorningswithgroupsofabout18children.Aparentorotheradultmustattendeachsession,andtheyareencouragedtositwiththeirchildrenandhelpthemwiththeactivities.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Newpupilscanseeclassesonanopenday.PupilscanlearnspecialinstrumentsonSundays.Parentsmustaccompanypupilsduringthelearningprocess.Teachersatthecentrecanprovidetherightinstrumentsforpupils.Whatisthebestchoiceforchildrenwithsomeexperience?A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsofthree.A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsofthree.33.Thepassageisintendedfor teachersC.musiciansIndividuallessons.D.Special“MusicalYouth”classesparentsD.pupilsABB
ABB【解析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了父母應該如何給自己的孩子選擇學習樂器以及課程的詳細內容。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“ Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometothecentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,andtheycanalsoseeandhearclassesinaction.可知,新來的學生可以在開放日聽課。故選A項。32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段最后一句“ Individuallessonsareofferedonlytopupilswhohavesomeexperience.可知,對有經驗 孩子來說,單班課是最好的選擇。故選 B項。33題詳解】推理判斷題。 縱觀全文, 尤其最后一句“ Aparentorotheradultmustattendeachsession,andtheyareencouragedtositwiththeirchildrenandhelpthemwiththeactivities.”可知,這篇文章的目的是給父母介紹如何給自己的death.NenadSestanwasworexcitementoveramicroscoperealizedsohoolofMedicTheresearchers,atYaltakenfromdeadpigs.WiththbetterpreservebraintissuefsearchhadcgedintoadiscoverythatTheexcitementsoontutoconcern).Sestanbroughtinanactivitywhichcanindicatecoilityhadfrightenedthem.actuallyanerror,butthepossi孩子選擇學習樂器。故選 B項。iousness(意識estanrealizBdhislabmemberswhisperingwithrnoowashappening.aven,Connecticadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainsindasasideprojecttofindwaystoldredefineourunderstandingoflifeandtheresearchersthouglogist,whodeterminedthereadoutwasingbndtheirexpectadeath.NenadSestanwasworexcitementoveramicroscoperealizedsohoolofMedicTheresearchers,atYaltakenfromdeadpigs.WiththbetterpreservebraintissuefsearchhadcgedintoadiscoverythatTheexcitementsoontutoconcern).Sestanbroughtinanactivitywhichcanindicatecoilityhadfrightenedthem.actuallyanerror,butthepossi孩子選擇學習樂器。故選 B項。iousness(意識estanrealizBdhislabmemberswhisperingwithrnoowashappening.aven,Connecticadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainsindasasideprojecttofindwaystoldredefineourunderstandingoflifeandtheresearchersthouglogist,whodeterminedthereadoutwasingbndtheirexpectaathadseysawwidespread,consistentelectricalSestankepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYalebioethicist(生物倫理學家 ).Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications,suchaswhetherthebrainscouldbecomeconsciousandwhetherphysiciansneededtoreconsiderthedefinitionofbraindeath.TheysubmittedtheworktoNature.Butbeforethefinalpaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.Someevensuggestedthattheresearcherswereengineeringimmortality(永生),ormaintainingaroomfulloflivingbrainsinjars.Neitherhenorhisteamwantedtodiscusstheresultsuntilthepaperwasout,butastheirinboxesfilledwithconcernsandangerfromanimalrightsactivistsandfuturists,Sestanbecamedepressed.Hefeltalltheycoulddo,however,wastoholdoffoncorrectingpublicmisunderstandingsuntiltheexpertreviewprocesshadrunitscourse.SincethepaperwaspublishedinApril,2019,theteamhasbeensobusyfieldingquestionsfromthemediaandscientiststhatithasn ’tperformedanyfurtherexperiments.Sestanwantstofocusonhisoriginalquestionsandexplorehowlongthebrainscanbemaintainedandwhetherthetechnologycanpreserveotherorgans.“Wewanttogetoutsideopinionbeforewedoanything, ”Sestansays.“Whenyouexploreuncharyouhavetobeextremelythoughtful. ”WhathappenedinthelabatYaleSchoolofMedicinein2016?Abettermethodwasfoundtomaintainbraintissue.Researchersdiscoveredhowtoredefinebraindeath.Brainsfromdeadpigswereaccidentallydiscoveredalive.Researchersarrivedattheexpectedresultsoftheexperiment.WhydidNenadSestanstoptheexperiment?Heneededassistancewiththefinalpaper.Hespottedamajormistakeinthefinalresult.Hewasfrightenedbythepossibilityoffailure.Hewasconcernedabouttherelatedmoralissues.Whatwaspeople’sreactiontowardsNenadSestan’sexperiment?Thepresswerestronglyopposedtotheexperiment.Somepeoplesupportedtheresearchonimmortality.Nobodywantedtodiscussthefinalresultinadvance.Thepublictookapositiveattitudetowardstheexperiment.HowcouldwebestdescribeNenadSestan?A.Responsibleandreliable. B.Cooperativeandcreative.C.Determinedandinspiring. D.Professionalandcautious.【答案】 34.C35.D36.A37.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了研究員尼納德塞斯坦在做實驗時意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活著,專業(yè)并謹慎地研究最后獲得成功的事情?!?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第一句"Theresearchers,atYaleSchoolofMedicineinNewHaven,Connecticut,hadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainstakenfromdeadpigs.”可知,2016年在耶魯大學醫(yī)學院的實驗室里,研究員意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活著。故選C項?!?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二、三段內容和第四段中的"Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications"可知,塞斯坦意識到,最初作為一個旨在尋找更好地保存腦組織以供研究的方法的附帶項目,已經轉變?yōu)橐粋€可以重新定義我們對生與死的理解的發(fā)現(xiàn);當研究人員認為他們看到了廣泛而一致的電活動,這些活動可以顯示意識時,興奮很快就變成了擔憂,在接下來的幾個月里,專家們討論了潛在的道德影響。由此可推知,塞斯坦停止實驗是因為他擔心相關的道德問題。故選 D項?!?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段第二句"Butbeforethefinalpaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.”可知,在最后一篇論文發(fā)表之前,塞斯坦遭到了媒體的尖銳批評。故選A項?!?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文中的"Sestanbroughtinaneurologist,whodeterminedthereadoutwasactuallyanerror,butthepossibilityhadfrightenedthem.”"Sestankepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYalebioethicist(生物倫理學家).”以及最后——段中的"Whenyouexploreunchartedterritory,youhavetobeextremelythoughtful."可知,塞斯坦是一個專業(yè)和謹慎的人。故選D項。CAbutterfly'swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsecthighupintheair.Theymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortowarnpotentialattackerstostayaway.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird 'sfeathers.Infact,thatinsomespeciesmales'wingshavespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.TogetherwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsinFebruary,2020,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalaser(激光)toheatupspotsonthewingsofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40 °Corso,theinsectsrespondedwithdoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsprofiletothelaser,movingitswingsupanddownorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedtherelevantsensorswereonthewingsthemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,intheformofneurons(神經元)thatweresimilartoheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovereddisc-shapedcellsthatappearedtobesimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.Theyguessthatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing —informationaninsectcoulditsflightpattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetocontradictthe “deadwing”ideawasthatsomebutterflywingshaveaAbutterfly'swingshaveVeins).Thesecarryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowfoundinmales,showsapulse(脈搏)ofseveraldozenbeatsperminute.Thesourceofthispulseappearstobethescent(氣味)pad,adarkspotonthewingsthatproducesthefemale-attractingchemicals.Apparently,this “wingheart”actsasthathelpsbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrYuandDrPierceconsistentlyfoundthat,differentpartsofthewingarecoveredbydifferentsortsofscales(鱗屑).Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheatawayandhelpskeepthelivingpartsofabutterflywingsalive.Abird’sfeathersarementionedinParagraph1to .introducethelatestresearchfindingsonabirdhighlightthespecialfeatureofabird ’sfeathersshowcommonknowledgeaboutbutterflywingsstressthedifferencebetweenabutterflyandabirdWhatcanwelearnfromDrYuandDrPierce’sexperiments?Butterflywingsarecomplicatedlivingorgans.Butterflywingshavelittlereactiontoexternalheat.Thescentpadsonsomemalebutterflywingsaretheirhearts.Heat-minimisingactivitieshelpdetectdeformationofthewings.Whatisthefunctionofscalesoverthescentpads?A.Attractingmates.B.Increasingbloodflow.A.Attractingmates.C. Coveringpowerfultubes. D. Producingthecoolingeffect.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. SeeingIsBelieving B. MoreThanMeetsTheEyeC. NothingSeek,NothingFind D. FineFeathersMakeFineBirds【答案】 38.C39.A40.D41.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外,還有許多功能,并文中詳細介紹了這些功能,旨在告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的那樣簡單?!?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“ Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird ’sfeInfact,that’snottrue.Forexample,insomespeciesmales ’wingshavespecialcellsreleasingsomecheattractfemales.”可知,第一段提到鳥的羽毛是為了說明蝴蝶翅膀的常識。故選C項?!?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的“ Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrYuandDrPierceconsistentlyfoundthat,differentpartsofthewingarecoveredbydifferentsortsofscales(鱗屑).”可知,從DrYu和DrPierce的實驗中我們可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是復雜的活器官。故選 A項?!?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的“ Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheataway”可知,氣味墊上的鱗片的作用是產生冷卻效果。故選D項?!?1題詳解】主旨大意題??v觀全文可知,本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外,還有許多功能,并文中詳細介紹了這些功能。由此可推知,本文主要的目的是告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的那樣簡單。 A項意為“眼見為實”;B項意為“超出所見,事情并不像看到的那樣簡單”;C項意為“無所求,則無所獲”;D項意為“人要衣裝,佛要金裝”。故選B項。DFactorFiction?Non-fictioncanbebrokendownintomanycategories.Onecategoryisliterarynon-fiction,whichisstillbasedinfactbutemployssomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses.Literarynon-fictionincludesatypeofautobiography(自傳)calledmemoir.Memoirmostoftenfocusesonacertainperiodoftheauthor 'slifdefinition,rootedintruth.Still,peoplesometimesquestionwhethermemoirshouldbecategorizedasnon-fictionatall.Asnon-fiction,memoirisintendedtobefactual.Isthisreallythecase,though,consideringmemoirreliesonhumanmemory?Oneclassicstudy,ledbypsychologistElizabethLoftus,showedhoweasilyaninterviewer 'schoiceofwordingcaninfluenceaneyewitness 'saccountofatrafficaccident.Itisthereforereasonabletowonderwhethermemoirshouldcontinuetobebrandedasnon-fiction.Certainly,humanmemorycanbeunreliable.However,amemoirauthorisundoubtedlywritingaboutsignificantandimpactfullifeevents.Memoriesofsucheventsareactuallymorereliablethanothers.Studiesshowthatthemoreinfluentialaneventis,themoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,thebrainactivitychangesinawaythatamplifiessmalldetails.Thisactivityhelpsbuildamorepreciseandaccuratememory.Ofcoursethebrainisnotacamerathatcan "save"anymemorywithperfectaccuracy.Butifmemoirisquestionableduetotheimperfectionsofthehumanmind,thencriticswillhavetotacklenon-fictionmorebroadly.Allwritersareusingtheirmemorieswhentheycreate,andmoreover,theyarerelyingonthememoriesofothers.Journalistsconductinterviewstotellanewsstoryandhistorywritersdependontheaccuracyofaccountsfromlongago.Yettheyallrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaofnon-fiction.Somepeoplemaydoubtmemoirnotbecausetheymistrusthumanmemory,butbecausetheymistrusttheauthor'smorality.Criticsmaysuspectanauthorofmakingupevents.However,thereisnoreasontobesuspiciousofmemoirauthor'sintentions.Writingafactualmemoirthatappealstoreadershasthepotentialtobeprofitablefortheauthor,andthereisnomotivationforamemoirwritertoknowinglychangeorbeautifythetruth.Lookingbeyondtheauthor'sownlifeevents,memoircaninformreadersabouttheworldinthesamewaythatothernon-fictioncan.Memoirhasawayofrelayingfactsaboutanythingfromanoccupationtobrieffashiontrends,allofitmeaningfultotheauthor.TheauthorintroducesthetopicinParagraph1by.illustratingwhyitisimportanttotalkaboutmemoirlistingsomeinterestingfactsandfeaturesofmemoirdefiningkeytermsthatarediscussedlaterinthepassagemakingacomparisonbetweenautobiographyandmemoirWhatdoestheunderlinedwordaamplifies"inParagraph3probablymean?B.Ignores.A.Collects.
B.Ignores.D.Absorbs.C.Enlarges.D.Absorbs.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.criticsarguethatanewsstorybyajournalistisfictionamemoirauthor'smemorycanbeinfluencedbytheintervieweesmemoircan'tshowreadersfactsaboutwhatanauthorexperiencedemotionalmomentscancausethecreationofmoredetailedmemoriesAccordingtothepassage,theauthorbelieves.themostprofitablememoirsarethoseshowntobethemostfactualmanyauthorsareuntrustworthy,althoughmanymemoirsarefact-basedmemoirisrightfullycategorizedundertheumbrellaofliterarynon-fictionmemoryistoounreliableformemoirtobeconsideredatypeofnon-fiction【答案】42.C43.C44.D45.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了非小說的分類,并且作者認為回憶錄在文學非小說的保護傘下被合理地分類?!?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第——段中的"Onecategoryisliterarynon-fiction,whichisstillbasedinfactbutemployssomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses …Itis,bydefinitionrooted祚truth過定義本文后面討論的關鍵術語來介紹第 1段中的主題。故選C項?!?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第三段最后——句"Thisactivityhelpsbuildamorepreciseandaccuratememory.”可知,這項活動有助于建立更精確和準確的記憶;再根據劃線詞所在句中的" amplfiessmalldetails"可知,此處amplifies應意為"放大",與enlarge意思相近。故選C項。【44題詳解】D項。細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的"Studiesshowthatthemoreinfluentialaneventis,themoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,thebrainactivitychangesinawaythatamplifiessmalldetails.D項?!?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段最后一句"Yettheyallrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaofnondiction.”可知,然而,它們(回憶錄)都理所當然地落入非小說的保護傘之下。由此可知,作者認為回憶錄在文學非小說的保護傘下被合理地分類。故選 C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出
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