江蘇專用2019高考英語二輪培優(yōu)復(fù)習(xí)專題三閱讀理解第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題課件

第一講│

細(xì)節(jié)理解題第一講│細(xì)節(jié)理解題一、題型解讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。所謂細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述進(jìn)行發(fā)問。常見的設(shè)題形式：細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點1信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題考點2細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題考點3數(shù)字計算題考點4細(xì)節(jié)排序題一、題型解讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)抓住文章中的事實和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則是忠實于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。此類題我們可以采用照題查閱法快速找出原文信息，然后仔細(xì)比對選項，從而選出正確答案。抓住文章中的事實和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則是忠實于原二、設(shè)問方式細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見的命題方式有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。2.判斷是非的形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue或EXCEPT等的判斷是非的問題。此時要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3.以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式。4.填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom________.此類題目相對簡單，只要考生認(rèn)真細(xì)心，得分就會比較容易。二、設(shè)問方式細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的三、選項特征1.正確選項的特征(1)同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone’sjob換成了beoutofwork。有時候詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。(2)語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。(3)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項。三、選項特征(1)同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換2.干擾選項的特征(1)張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。(2)無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(3)曲解文意。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動。(4)顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。(5)正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤。2.干擾選項的特征(1)張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求[典例]

(2017·江蘇高考·閱讀A)CHRONOLOGICA—The

Unbelievable

Years

that

Defined

HistoryDIDYOUKNOW...In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime，fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesofkingsandqueens，hotairballoons...andmonkeysinspace.信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題[典例](2017·江蘇高考·閱讀A)信息尋找題、廣告Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talwaysasgoodasitsounds，howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory，beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat，thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoParkandsculptorGutzonBorglum.Travelthrough100ofthemostThiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold，andguaranteedtopresenteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?A.Abiography. B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook. D.Asciencefiction.答案C

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory...thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals”可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本有關(guān)歷史的書籍。]Thiscompletebutbriefhistor57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection. B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning. D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.答案B

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在文中以提問的方式提到很多與歷史有關(guān)的人物或事件，像“fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheInternet...talesofkingsandqueens，hotairballoons...andmonkeysinspace...whybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talwaysasgoodasitsounds，howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord”，說明作者是在介紹書中的內(nèi)容。]57.Howdoesthewriterrecomme【技巧點撥】如何解決信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題？1.題干定向法：

如果題干的問題與原文中的相應(yīng)句段基本相同，則可直接對號入座；如果題干的問題與原文中的相應(yīng)句段有較大出入，則要進(jìn)行一定的處理，這個“處理”是多方面的，它可能包括對原文進(jìn)行同義變換、對概念進(jìn)行解析、對事實進(jìn)行歸納、將具體問題抽象化或?qū)⒊橄髥栴}具體化、將文中提到的原則或規(guī)則進(jìn)行實際運用等等?！炯记牲c撥】如何解決信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題？1.題干定向法：2.錯誤排除法：一般說來，對于那些與文意明顯不符或與文章內(nèi)容不相關(guān)的選項比較容易排除，但有些選項與文章內(nèi)容相符，卻與題干問題不吻合，即屬答非所問的情形，也應(yīng)作為錯誤項予以排除，尤其是那些從文章中摘錄的句子，要特別小心，它們很有可能是干擾項。2.錯誤排除法：一般說來，對于那些與文意明顯不符或與文章內(nèi)容[典例]

(2017·江蘇高考·閱讀B)Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds，theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題[典例](2017·江蘇高考·閱讀B)細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs，themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent，doyouinvestinqualitychildren，ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？”Kleindorfer

asks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”Itturnsoutthatbabyred-bac59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.答案A

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.”可知，研究人員并未在全澳洲范圍展開調(diào)查，排除B項；未對其它鳥類進(jìn)行記錄研究，排除D項。根據(jù)第一段中的“Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.”可知，A項正確。]59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfind60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich________.A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall答案C

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood”和最后一段“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”可知，模仿母鳥模仿得最好的雛鳥得到最多的食物，研究結(jié)果表明，母親會選擇質(zhì)量好的雛鳥。由此可知，胎教幫助母鳥辨別出那些適應(yīng)環(huán)境較好的孩子。]60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmo【技巧點撥】如何解決細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題？細(xì)節(jié)理解題也叫間接理解題，包括語意轉(zhuǎn)換題、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題和是非判斷題。1.語意轉(zhuǎn)換題，需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語意上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表述上的差異。解答這類題目時可帶著問題，有針對性地掃讀全文，迅速鎖定相關(guān)語句，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對比，找出答案。2.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題，在閱讀理解題中，有的圖表、圖畫出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解題的正文中。在解答這類題時，可采用“文字鎖定法”，找出描述圖形中的句段，采用按圖尋找答案的方法，按圖索驥，圖文互相參照、互相驗證，便可確定正確答案?！炯记牲c撥】如何解決細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題？細(xì)節(jié)理解題也叫間接3.是非判斷題，采用對號入座法和排除法。對號入座法就是根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞返回原文，找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容，從中找出答案。正確答案與原文表述可能有出入，但意思一樣，萬變不離其宗。排除法，針對是非判斷題中的“三錯一對”或“三對一錯”類試題，要求仔細(xì)閱讀文章，比較選項與原文的異同，然后做出正確判斷。3.是非判斷題，采用對號入座法和排除法。對號入座法就是根據(jù)關(guān)[典例]ASummerHorseCampinMontanaandWyomingforTeenGirlsDates:June23—July5，2017Ages:14—16(grades8，9&10)Tuition:$2，955(notincludingairfare)Start：Bozeman，MontanaEnd：Jackson，Wyoming數(shù)字計算題[典例]數(shù)字計算題Traversing(橫越)theContinentalDivide，thiscamptakesplaceonthebordersofMontana，Idaho，andWyoming，wheregirlswillgowhitewaterrafting，scenicriverfloating，hotspringsoaking，andwilltourbothYellowstoneandTetonNationalParks.Girlswhoparticipateinthisadventurewillgainknowledgeandappreciationwitheachturn，becomingkeepersoftheland，andbeingintroducedtoskillsnecessarytoworkwithpackanimalsinthewilderness.Allofthisadventureandlearningtakesplaceinafun，non-competitiveatmosphere，whichwillmakethisanadventuretoremember.Traversing(橫越)theContinentalTripCampsites&FacilitiesEightnightsarespentintentsinpublic“frontcountry”campgroundswherewehavepre-assignedcampsiteswithneighborsandcampgroundhostsnearby，runningdrinkablewater，andprivateouthouses(屋外廁所)orflushingtoilets(抽水馬桶).Fournightsarespentintentsin“backcountry”wildernessareaswherewewillpurifyourwaterbeforedrinkingandlearnandpracticebasicLeaveNoTracecampingskillssuchashowtoselectacampsite，howtogotothebathroom，andhowtokeepcleanoutdoors.Allbackcountrycampsitesinthistravelplanhaveanouthouseavailabletous.TripCampsites&FacilitiesWhyChooseThisTripGirlswholovehorsesbutalsowanttogorafting，standuppaddleboarding，andexploreYellowstoneCountrywillautomaticallylovethiscamp.Fromrivers，tolakes，tomountains，YellowstoneHorsebackAdventurecampwillgivegirlsavarietyofoutdoorsettingsinwhichtheycanfallinlovewiththenaturalworld!【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。一個適合女孩參加的騎馬夏令營及相關(guān)事宜。WhyChooseThisTrip1.Howlongwillthecamplast?A.8days. B.10days.C.12days. D.13days.答案D

[數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)文章開篇部分中的“Dates:June23—July5，2017”可知，夏令營將持續(xù)13天。故選D。]1.Howlongwillthecamplast?【技巧點撥】如何解決數(shù)字計算題？先理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確的答案。1.仔細(xì)閱讀文字說明部分，準(zhǔn)確把握圖表信息。2.仔細(xì)分析題干，抓牢關(guān)鍵詞。3.運用數(shù)學(xué)公式計算，注意巧算。【技巧點撥】如何解決數(shù)字計算題？先理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對[典例]

(山東高考·閱讀C)Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella，alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.細(xì)節(jié)排序題[典例](山東高考·閱讀C)細(xì)節(jié)排序題ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once，IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(傘篷)builtintoastreetlamp，”hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(傳感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensor，there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.ThedesignersayshecameupwAccordingtothedesigner，theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed，soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides，itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.Each

Lampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安裝)at2metresofftheground，itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction，BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment，andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.Accordingtothedesigner，the68.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors答案B

[細(xì)節(jié)排序題。根據(jù)原文第三段可知傘棚的打開或關(guān)閉是先由傳感器來接收，然后通過motor來進(jìn)行操控，因此答案為B項。]68.Whichofthefollowingshow【技巧點撥】如何解決細(xì)節(jié)排序題？做此類題目可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一個事件和最后一個事件，這樣可以迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而迅速找到答案。閱讀理解的文章如果是記敘文，排序題通常以事件發(fā)生的時間為線索；如果是說明文，排序題通常以說明的先后順序為線索；如果是議論文，排序題通常以邏輯順序為線索。從近幾年高考試題來看，這類試題主要出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中。【技巧點撥】如何解決細(xì)節(jié)排序題？做此類題目可采用“首尾定位法第一講│

細(xì)節(jié)理解題第一講│細(xì)節(jié)理解題一、題型解讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。所謂細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述進(jìn)行發(fā)問。常見的設(shè)題形式：細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點1信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題考點2細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題考點3數(shù)字計算題考點4細(xì)節(jié)排序題一、題型解讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)抓住文章中的事實和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則是忠實于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。此類題我們可以采用照題查閱法快速找出原文信息，然后仔細(xì)比對選項，從而選出正確答案。抓住文章中的事實和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則是忠實于原二、設(shè)問方式細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見的命題方式有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。2.判斷是非的形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue或EXCEPT等的判斷是非的問題。此時要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3.以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式。4.填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom________.此類題目相對簡單，只要考生認(rèn)真細(xì)心，得分就會比較容易。二、設(shè)問方式細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的三、選項特征1.正確選項的特征(1)同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone’sjob換成了beoutofwork。有時候詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。(2)語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。(3)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項。三、選項特征(1)同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換2.干擾選項的特征(1)張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。(2)無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(3)曲解文意。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動。(4)顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。(5)正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤。2.干擾選項的特征(1)張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求[典例]

(2017·江蘇高考·閱讀A)CHRONOLOGICA—The

Unbelievable

Years

that

Defined

HistoryDIDYOUKNOW...In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime，fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesofkingsandqueens，hotairballoons...andmonkeysinspace.信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題[典例](2017·江蘇高考·閱讀A)信息尋找題、廣告Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talwaysasgoodasitsounds，howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory，beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat，thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoParkandsculptorGutzonBorglum.Travelthrough100ofthemostThiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold，andguaranteedtopresenteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?A.Abiography. B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook. D.Asciencefiction.答案C

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory...thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals”可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本有關(guān)歷史的書籍。]Thiscompletebutbriefhistor57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection. B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning. D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.答案B

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在文中以提問的方式提到很多與歷史有關(guān)的人物或事件，像“fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheInternet...talesofkingsandqueens，hotairballoons...andmonkeysinspace...whybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talwaysasgoodasitsounds，howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord”，說明作者是在介紹書中的內(nèi)容。]57.Howdoesthewriterrecomme【技巧點撥】如何解決信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題？1.題干定向法：

如果題干的問題與原文中的相應(yīng)句段基本相同，則可直接對號入座；如果題干的問題與原文中的相應(yīng)句段有較大出入，則要進(jìn)行一定的處理，這個“處理”是多方面的，它可能包括對原文進(jìn)行同義變換、對概念進(jìn)行解析、對事實進(jìn)行歸納、將具體問題抽象化或?qū)⒊橄髥栴}具體化、將文中提到的原則或規(guī)則進(jìn)行實際運用等等。【技巧點撥】如何解決信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題？1.題干定向法：2.錯誤排除法：一般說來，對于那些與文意明顯不符或與文章內(nèi)容不相關(guān)的選項比較容易排除，但有些選項與文章內(nèi)容相符，卻與題干問題不吻合，即屬答非所問的情形，也應(yīng)作為錯誤項予以排除，尤其是那些從文章中摘錄的句子，要特別小心，它們很有可能是干擾項。2.錯誤排除法：一般說來，對于那些與文意明顯不符或與文章內(nèi)容[典例]

(2017·江蘇高考·閱讀B)Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds，theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題[典例](2017·江蘇高考·閱讀B)細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs，themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent，doyouinvestinqualitychildren，ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？”Kleindorfer

asks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”Itturnsoutthatbabyred-bac59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.答案A

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.”可知，研究人員并未在全澳洲范圍展開調(diào)查，排除B項；未對其它鳥類進(jìn)行記錄研究，排除D項。根據(jù)第一段中的“Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.”可知，A項正確。]59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfind60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich________.A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall答案C

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood”和最后一段“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”可知，模仿母鳥模仿得最好的雛鳥得到最多的食物，研究結(jié)果表明，母親會選擇質(zhì)量好的雛鳥。由此可知，胎教幫助母鳥辨別出那些適應(yīng)環(huán)境較好的孩子。]60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmo【技巧點撥】如何解決細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題？細(xì)節(jié)理解題也叫間接理解題，包括語意轉(zhuǎn)換題、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題和是非判斷題。1.語意轉(zhuǎn)換題，需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語意上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表述上的差異。解答這類題目時可帶著問題，有針對性地掃讀全文，迅速鎖定相關(guān)語句，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對比，找出答案。2.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題，在閱讀理解題中，有的圖表、圖畫出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解題的正文中。在解答這類題時，可采用“文字鎖定法”，找出描述圖形中的句段，采用按圖尋找答案的方法，按圖索驥，圖文互相參照、互相驗證，便可確定正確答案。【技巧點撥】如何解決細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題？細(xì)節(jié)理解題也叫間接3.是非判斷題，采用對號入座法和排除法。對號入座法就是根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞返回原文，找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容，從中找出答案。正確答案與原文表述可能有出入，但意思一樣，萬變不離其宗。排除法，針對是非判斷題中的“三錯一對”或“三對一錯”類試題，要求仔細(xì)閱讀文章，比較選項與原文的異同，然后做出正確判斷。3.是非判斷題，采用對號入座法和排除法。對號入座法就是根據(jù)關(guān)[典例]ASummerHorseCampinMontanaandWyomingforTeenGirlsDates:June23—July5，2017Ages:14—16(grades8，9&10)Tuition:$2，955(notincludingairfare)Start：Bozeman，MontanaEnd：Jackson，Wyoming數(shù)字計算題[典例]數(shù)字計算題Traversing(橫越)theContinentalDivide，thiscamptakesplaceonthebordersofMontana，Idaho，andWyoming，wheregirlswillgowhitewaterrafting，scenicriverfloating，hotspringsoaking，andwilltourbothYellowstoneandTetonNationalParks.Girlswhoparticipateinthisadventurewillgainknowledgeandappreciationwitheachturn，becomingkeepersoftheland，andbeingintroducedtoskillsnecessarytoworkwithpackanimalsinthewilderness.Allofthisadventureandlearningtakesplaceinafun，non-competitiveatmosphere，whichwillmakethisanadventuretoremember.Traversing(橫越)theContinentalTripCampsites&FacilitiesEightnightsarespentintentsinpublic“frontcountry”campgroundswherewehavepre-assignedcampsiteswithneighborsandcampgroundhostsnearby，runningdrinkablewater，andprivateouthouses(屋外廁所)orflushingtoilets(抽水馬桶).Fournightsarespentintentsin“backcountry”wildernessareaswherewewillpurifyourwaterbeforedrinkingandlearnandpracticebasicLeaveNoTracecampingskillssuchashowtoselectacampsite，howtogotothebathroom，andhowtokeepcleanoutdoors.Allbackcountrycampsitesinthistravelplanhaveanouthouseavailabletous.TripCampsites&FacilitiesWhyChooseThisTripGirlswholovehorsesbutalsowanttogorafting，standuppaddleboarding，andexploreYellowstoneCountrywillautomaticallylovethiscamp.Fromrivers，tolakes，tomountains，YellowstoneHorsebackAdventurecampwillgivegirlsavarietyofoutdoorsettingsinwhichtheycanfallinlovewiththenaturalworld!【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。一個適合女孩參加的騎馬夏令營及相關(guān)事宜。WhyChooseThisTrip1.Howlongwillthecamplast?A.8days. B.10days.C.12days. D.13days.答案D

[數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)文章開篇部分中的“Dates:June23—July5，2017”可知，夏令營將持續(xù)13天。故選D。]1.Howlongwillthecamplast?【技巧點撥】如何解決數(shù)字計算題？先理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確的答案。1.仔細(xì)閱讀文字說明部分，準(zhǔn)確把握圖表信息。2.仔細(xì)分析題干，抓牢關(guān)鍵詞。3.運用數(shù)學(xué)公式計算，注意巧算。【技巧點撥】如何解決數(shù)字計算題？先理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對[典例]

(山東高考·閱讀C)Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.Butdesigner