閱讀理解解題方法錄播課

課程配套講義是學習的必備資源，幫幫為大家精心整理了高質量的配套講義，確保同學們學習的方便與高效。該講義是幫幫結合大綱考點及考研輔導名師多年輔導經驗的基礎上科學整理的。內容涵蓋考研的考點、復習重點、難點。結構明了、脈絡清晰，并針對不同學、最高效、最自由的學臺：名師考研幫課堂配套講 《英語閱讀理解partA 第一章傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解概 一《大綱》對閱讀理解A部分的評價目 二、題材的選取與文章體 三、選項命制原則與干擾項特 四、閱讀理解步 五、閱讀技 第二章六大題型-猜詞 一.猜詞題解題技 二.猜詞題例 第三章六大題型-細節(jié) 一.細節(jié)題解題技 二.細節(jié)題例 第四章六大題型-推斷 一.推斷題解題技 二.推斷題例 第五章六大題型-例證 一.例證題解題技 二.例證題例 第六章六大題型-態(tài)度 一.態(tài)度題解題技 二.態(tài)度題例 第七章六大題型-主旨 一.主旨題解題技 二.主旨題例 第第一章傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解閱讀能力一直是各種英語考試考查的重點。在入學考試中閱讀理解的A部分占了整個試卷分值的40%，而且其他部分與閱讀理解也密切相關。英譯漢以它為基礎。一、《大綱》對閱讀理解A部分的評價目標（生詞量不超過所讀材料總詞匯量的3%，包括信函、書報和雜志上的文章，而且還考查考二、題材的選取與文章體裁，Tim（，T）y國），T），T（衛(wèi)報科普類文章主要來源于：NationalGeographic（國家地理雜志，Scientific，Scienc（，New，，Natur（，T志）WallStreetJournal（華爾街雜志。從文章體裁來看，被選取的文章的體裁絕大多數為議論性的、評論性的和性的；多為分析論證的文章，很少有純抒感和描寫風景的文學篇章。這同攻讀期間將面對的大量概括性強、抽象思維為主的材料有關。簡言之，主要有論說文、說明文和聞聞。議的特點是：(1)寫作目的是陳述觀點或表明態(tài)度；(2)文章圍繞一個中心展開，各三、選項命制原則與干擾項特點首先，各選項的長度、難度和語言結構應該大致相同題者讓正確選項的長度或結構明顯不同于其他選項（過長或者過短會成為考生亂猜的對象，從而喪失了的有效性。其次，各干擾項要有迷惑性，才能起到適當的干擾作用。一方面干擾項不能錯得太明顯，否則，反而使考生比較容易利用排除法找到正確答案；另一方面，大部分考生都選擇某一干擾項也不理想。第三，試卷中正確選項字母序號如]，]，]，D)出現的次數應該大致相等，這樣可避免某些考生因只一，無中生有、以偏概全。要么利用在文章中沒有提到的生活編造選項；要么把文章中的事實和細節(jié)當主旨，把片面的、次要的觀點當成主要觀點。因此考生一定要從文中找依據、第二，偷換概念，張冠李戴。要么對原句中的細微處做了改動，要么截取原文中有的詞語或類似的結構進行編造。要么在備選項中把因說成果、把別人的觀點或作者范圍等都與原文完全一致。第三，字面意思。在英語語言中，許多詞或短語存在多義的現象，考生如果只掌握其常用的基本詞義是不夠的。在閱讀實踐中，更不能用已掌握的常用詞義去語境下的含義。第四，過于絕對，過度推理。備選項雖然是從原文中推理引申出來的，但是卻超出了文章允許的范圍。考生切勿推理過度，一切要原文。四、閱讀理解步驟步驟一：一分鐘審題類似這樣的詞語：TRUE、NOT、EXCEPT等，這類詞一定要標出，防止在做題時個意群（意群是指表達特定概念的一個或一組詞語，便于在文中定位。題中的意群要仔細步驟二：快速通讀全⑤減少回讀，只有在特別重要的地方回讀一次，其他的地方，生詞的地方，不要回步驟三：做題【宏觀閱讀技巧】 雜的過程，且各段從開始都出現遞進詞，閱讀時注意把握這種文章的中心，或幾段的。【微觀閱讀技巧一.猜詞題解題技巧中某個人的話；(4)it,thisthat,which,these,those等。例如：Theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobably Theword“bummer”(line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething Theword“talking”(line6,paragraph3)denotes Theexpression“tipservice”(line3,paragraph3)mostprobably Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative”(line3,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeans By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(line1,paragraph1),theauthorWhentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeansTheword“it”(line3,para2)mostprobablyrefersto 解題關鍵該單詞并不重要，重要的是上下文，如果該單詞認識，并且不超綱，那么他猜詞題正確選項在文章中必能根據線索找到該選項的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、二.猜詞題Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff, escancerous.★Theword"dormant'inthethirdparagraphmostprobably [A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationmayactivateadormantoncogeneinactivitybutawaitingdevelopmentoractivityinactive同義，沒有二次使用是為了避【干擾項分析】[A]選項和[B]選項都不含該詞[D]選項potential的英文含義是existingpotentialactivate(makeactive)的意思也不搭Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.★“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterized [A]non-materialistic [B]abitof[C]extreme [D]anti-【正確項精解】首先根據題干Jugglingone'slife進行定位。段首提到，放棄“jugglingone'slife”的生活哲學，轉而過一種“downshifting”的生活得到的回報更高。由此workingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaRumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience,Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.★"Creationism"inthepassagerefers [A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginofthe[B]anotionofthecreationof[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearth[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginofthe【正確項精解】本段前三句提到，關于creationism和evolution之爭的書都試圖說明， creationismcreationism描寫為拙劣的科學、拙劣的。到了下文更是“對那些不了解creationists慣用手法的人來說，其和歪曲事實的程度會讓他們感到氣憤和吃驚”。根據這些線索，可以判斷出creationism是一種虛假理論，D選項正確。creationismevolutionA選項將兩者等同。既然creationism是拙劣的科學，又怎能夠科學地解釋地球的形成呢？由此排除C選項。第一段第五句只提到creationism基于而產生，B選項屬無中生有。Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.★Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeans A.religiousB.unpleasantC.soulD.【答案精解】根據題干快速精確定位（原文第五段。本段：無論是現實生活還是bummer，由此可知，bummer是帶有“痛苦”“悲傷”等消極彩色Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythanthey★Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind”inthefirst[A] ignorantofthehardworkinvolvedin[B]Acitizenofasocietythat al[C] whohashadno[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasby【正確項精解】untaught原意為“未受教育的，無知的”，理解它的確切含義要通過語境。本段首句具有untaughtmind這類人的想法：discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents他對首句進行反駁，從而說明科技發(fā)明的取得都是經過長期的艱苦實驗，從失敗成功的。由此推斷，只有那些不明、不知其艱辛的人才會把發(fā)明創(chuàng)造想像為靈感或戲劇性事件的[B]選項內容與第一段無關。[C]untaughtmind的字面意思，文中提到的這類人未必沒有知識，沒有文化。[D]選項本身存在理解上的錯誤。原文是說“untaughtmind這類人以為發(fā)明總是由于偶然原因被創(chuàng)造出來”，并不是指“他們自己由于Comeupwith意思是：產生，發(fā)現（解決辦法、方案）。例如：ForyearsJonesKeptworkinghard,comingupwithnewandgoodideas.幾年來瓊斯一直努Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttothenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,"saysanotherexpert."There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis."Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain."Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,"saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.★Theexpression"tipservice"(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobably [B] [C] [D]分號后提到當你收到電子郵件時，把它看作是再次核查數據庫的提示，句中remindertipservice，為其同釋，故［D］選項正確。tipservice在原文中的含義無關，屬于“答非所問”。Thedebatewaslaunchedbytheernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkee.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganisationasitis,ortomakechanges. TheBBC's"royalcharter"(line4,paragraph4)stands thefinancialsupportfromtheroyaltheprivilegesgrantedbytheacontractwiththeauniquerelationshipwiththeroyal【正確項精解】本段（原文第四段）末句提到進行的原因是：theBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges，可見，royalcharterBBSrunout的含義。runoutC選項。英國是君主立憲制國家，與簽約表明BBC是國家辦的，而非私營企業(yè)。Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo's17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.★Theword"schism"(line3,paragraph1)inthecontextprobably [A]★Paragraphs2and3arewritten discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience'sshowtheauthor'ssympathywithexplainthewayinwhichscienceexemplifythedivisionofscienceandthe【干擾項分析】［A］選項(對抗)放在文中與謂語deepened不搭配，其謂【正確項精解】文章首段最后一句提出了全文的主旨：科學與人文之間的更加深了。第二段科學家開始著書“反科學”傾向。第三段提到科學的捍衛(wèi)者也在一些會第第三章六大題型-細節(jié)一.細節(jié)題解題技巧from,becauseofbyaccordingto等。在問句中，常用的what,which,where,who,when,how（五個“W”一個H，如：IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcareMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchisTheemergenceoftheNetTomakeyourhumorwork,youAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecauseWhatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?WhydoesCarreerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?HowdidRedmondfindhisjob?細節(jié)題干擾項特點一些與原文無關的、或者在原文中根本沒有出現過的信息，此即“無中生有二.細節(jié)題根據題干，返回原文，準確定位。OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhos,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofus,the"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon—it'salreadyhere.★Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankasheobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopleenjoygreatertrustfromthecashmoneywhereverhewishes★Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearn inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatenowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayinitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthan【答案詳解】本文第一段通過一系列的實例說明（creditcard）給其使用者帶來的諸多方便。通過該段第二句“持有者可以在商店、飯店、賓館，在當地、外地甚至在符合事實。無論是持還是支付現金，顧客在購物時都享受同等的信譽。[D]選項錯在呢？注意：解此題的關鍵是定位到具體的一句話?！敬鸢冈斀狻勘绢}考查考生對第一段最后一句的理解。該段最后一句“對于我們很與原句時態(tài)相符，manyAmericansformanyofus一致，donotpayincashcashlesssociety一致，因此[C][A]inthefutureitisalreadyhere不符；況alltheAmericans也過于絕對。[B]選項的內容原文未提及；而且它與本段第二句談到的可以在國外使用的事實相悖。[D]選項亦無法從該句推論。命題意圖要求考生理解某句WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchastheegraph,theboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshafactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethat edthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthings★Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto elementary [B]enthusiastic[C]theattractivepremiumsystem[D]aspecialwayof【答案詳解】文章首句是個設問句，題干是對它的改寫，其中duetoaccountfor是同aboveall（最重要）inalargepart同義，顯示它后面的內容與前面所列原因相比，更具重要性。因此D選項為正確答案。其他選項都是次要原因。YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels—ITVandChannel4—wererequiredbytheThatcherernment'sBroadcastingActto emorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsalitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm. TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnoother [A]theemergenceofcommercialTV[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActby [C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsand[D]thechallengeofnewsalite【正確項詳解】本段（原文第六段）首先BBC不得不進行，接著陸續(xù)給出原因：它周邊的廣播業(yè)正在發(fā)生變化；廣播法的實施迫使電視商業(yè)頻道進一步商業(yè)化，進而使業(yè)相互競爭，降低成本，減少勞務；但是從長遠看，帶來最大變化的將是新的頻道。實際上，原因可歸納為兩點：電道進一步商業(yè)化的趨勢和電道的出現。Itisthearrival...whichwill...thebiggestchanges...，強調后一原因更具重要性，其biggest與選項中foremost同義。因D選項是正確答案。A、BC選項都是WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuiltOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage----spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan'svocationaswell.★TheemergenceoftheNet [A]receivedsupportfromfanslike[B]remoldedtheinligence[C]restoredmanycommon[D]revivedspyingasa【正確項解】根選項息回原一一。文章第段最一句：“前，絡已經改變了書籍和郵寄信件這樣的日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多諾汶曾經從事的職業(yè)”。從該段第二句得知，多諾汶是大師，其職業(yè)就是工作，也就是［B］選項的“theinlignervi該中的rmoldd”一對原文的rh［(ouldhvelovd)，［C［選項也都屬于“偷換概念”，“rtore”和“r-mke”以及“rhpe”和“rvive”含義：原文中的含義是互聯(lián)網改變了人們的日常消遣方式，而“rtor”的意思是“恢復”；而“rviv”。FriedmanreliesonaleanstaffinAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-inligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.★Straitfordismostproudof [A]official[B]nonconformist[C]efficient[D]military【正確項精解】根據題干proudof可定位至文章末段最后一句。該句，司特Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores-- ality,ability,courageorhumanity--arecompleyignored,"saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschool,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."★Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforheltheyoungclimbthesocial[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof[D]Dropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttest【正確項精解】本題需要根據選項信息回原文一一定位。作者在第三段分析了道 creativity“強調機械的學習，而不注重創(chuàng)造性”偷換為ischaracterizedbymechanicalOncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWeband evisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.★IntheviewofNet [A]thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonline[B]moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthe[C]theWebshouldbeabletofunctionas evision[D]thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithout【正確項精解】根據題干Netpurists定位至第三段最后一句。該句提到“這是一線文化高度贊揚的理念是：流動到屏幕上的信息是應特定的需要而出現(theinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest)。這一理念也是網絡凈化者所推崇的。因式”的偷換為“信息本身”。［B］選項屬于“無中生有”，moneymaking在文中沒有出現。［C］選項屬于“正反”，網絡凈化者害怕的情景是網絡和電視沒有差別。一.推斷題解題技巧的題干中一般都包含了若干標志性詞匯，如suggest,imply,infer,indicate等，例如：The4thparagraphsuggests Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimplies 解題關鍵（1）絕大多數推斷題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同意替換，正確答案與原文之間基本上不存在推理關系，實際上類似于細節(jié)題；（2）做題時不能想的太多，推的太二.推斷題Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.★Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyesto[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthe[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvital[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheir接著第二句其原因，第三句用but一詞進行轉折，讓人著迷有時也就讓人盲目，第【干擾項分析】［A［B］和［D］選項均屬于“字面意思”，本文中blind一詞是其Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheir★Cartwrightseemstosuggest [A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbad[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemunder[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnatural[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtothe【正確項精解】推斷題。根據題干和選項中的信息快速精確定位到（原文第四段。該段第一句就做夢這個過程不一定是無意識的，之后提到了“卡特萊特認為人們可以對反復出現的噩夢進行有意識地控制”。因此，［D］選項的“做夢可能不完全屬于無意識行為”belongtotheunconsciousneednotbelefttotheunconscious?！靖蓴_項分析】［A］wakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse，但并沒有強調這是至關重要的，因此［A］錯誤。［B］選項是根Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoend設置的干擾項，原文的意思是“想象如何結也屬于典型的“正反”，將文中的neednotbeleft錯誤改寫為該選項的shouldbeleft，所以［C］選項錯誤，如在should后加一個not，則［C］就是正確的了。Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.★Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor'scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis [A]dependentuponthestartingageof[B]worthtryinginvarioussocial[C]oflittlepractical[D]attractivetoeverykindof【正確項精解】根據題干Europeanmodelofprofessionaltraining定位到本段（原育)培養(yǎng)出的各類專業(yè)人員不太可能達到所需的數量”。由文中轉折詞however和詞匯［A］選項和［D］選項均屬于“無中生有”，利用文中個別詞匯設置例例Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheUS,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersof companies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing—witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan—butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.★Fromparagraph4wecaninfer theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandthecostsoftheglobalizationprocessaretheStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatened一.例證題解題技巧該題型要求考生(1)區(qū)分論點和論據;(2)理解文章的總體結構以及單句之間、段落之間的關系：主要是考生通過段落、句子來推測文章的主旨、支持的觀點等。題干中出現下列詞匯之一：exmpleillutrtiondmontrtionxmplifyillutrtedmontrte等，具體問法如下：Thecaseof…demonstratedTheauthorwantstoprovetheexampleof…that...Theexampleof…isusedtoshow...解題關鍵解題步驟返回原文定位該例子干擾項特征例子本身，就事論事。二.例證題Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn'ttheyfalloutofthesky?★TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewton [A]inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientific[B]scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesare[C]scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureof[D]unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientific【正確項精解】根據題干IsaacNewton可定位至第一段。首句提出一種觀點出牛頓發(fā)現萬有引力的例子對此進［A］選項是對首句的“同義替換”，其中inquiringmindspreparednessoftheminds，aremoreimportantthan...dependsfarlesson...thanon...Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.★Inparagrah2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshow [A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthe[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildren[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyand[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalleadingactortheirenvironmentsupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplay。作者這個例子是為了從舞臺主角的離不開配角和場景的支持這一事實引出一個觀【干擾項分析】文章第一段特殊兒童與正常兒童相比有許多不同，但是并沒有具體但是[C]選項的含義與原文已大相徑庭。[D]選項也出現了文中未有的“比較”。weighmuchheavierthan意思為：比……分量重得多，比……重要得多。Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdown ingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Itdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyand infrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.★ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicy ［A］gettingfinancialsupportfrom［B］gettingovertheirout-datedanti-colonial［C］buildingindustrial［D］beinginvadedinA選項是本段（原文第四段）getovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment（克服對外國投資所持的過時的反殖義偏見）的概括和改寫，即接受外國投資，所以為正確答案。B選項雖屬于原文內容，但不屬于政策的內容，偷換了概念。C,D兩個干擾選項都屬于例子本身例例WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionagespyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan'svocationaswell.★Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetext[A]introducethetopicofonline[B]showhowhefoughtforthe[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformation[D]honorhisuniqueservicestothe【正確項精解】比爾·多諾汶的故事出現在文章第一段，該段段尾互聯(lián)網改變了多汶作為一個大只是為文章展開討論工作提供了一個，因此［A］選項為正確答象，而是利用它來為服務的。Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthsofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.★Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentioned [A]stresstheimportanceofprofessional[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorld[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpert[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthan【答案精解】文章在第一段：出色的足球運動員往往出生在一年內的前幾個月而不是后幾個月。第二段是對這種現象的四種猜測。而后三段介紹了心理學家的研究及結果，了造就出色表現的決定因素。由此可知，作者在文章一開始提到這個現象起到了引出文章的作用，即從足球領域擴展到了其他領域的出色表現，最終揭示什么造就了一.態(tài)度題解題技巧theauthor’sattitudeattitude的近義詞來進行表述。但是intheeyesof等字樣，考生應當加以區(qū)分。例如：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIQ [C]Impartial. Howdothepublicfeelaboutthelong-termeconomicsituation? [B]Confused Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry? 解題關鍵（1）可以根據作者提出觀點的方式及所舉例的特征進行判斷；（2）當作者態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，找文章中有褒貶含義，含有感彩的詞；（3）特別注意作者的態(tài)度一觀點態(tài)度題的詞語選項一般可以分為以下幾種積極的：positive(肯定的,積極的),optimistic(樂觀的),useful(有用的,有益的),admiring(贊賞的,欽佩的),instructive(有益的,教育性的),enthusiastic(熱心的,熱情的),supportive(支持的),approval(贊成,同意),approving(滿意的)消極的：negative(否定的,消極的),pessimistic(悲觀的,厭世的),disappointed(失望的),frustrated(失敗的,挫折的),critical(批評的，的),questioning(質疑的),doubtful(可疑的),dissatisfied(不滿意的),biased(有偏見的),suspicious(懷疑的),oppose(),opposition(反對worried(擔憂的),depressed(沮喪的)客觀的：objective(客觀的),impartial(公平的,不偏不倚的),detached(超然的，不偏不倚的),imal(非個人的,客觀的)觀點態(tài)度題正確選項特點會專門撰文。另外，puzzling迷惑的),gloomy令人沮喪的scared恐懼的),disgusting令人厭觀點態(tài)度題常見出題位置neverthelesshoweverbutyetshould,shouldn’t,must,mustn’t二.態(tài)度題★Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemsto [A] [B] [C] [D]【答案詳解】本道題目不用定位原文，根據命題規(guī)律就可以選出正確答案。撰文。另外，puzzling迷惑的),biased（偏見的）出現也不會是正確選項，因為一般考研閱讀理解所選的文章不會帶有如此情感，類似的表達還有gloomy(令人沮喪的),scared(恐懼的),disgusting(令人厭惡的)等詞語。Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin197