高中英語必修四unit4語法：V-ing作定語和狀語(公開課精品)

TheV-ingformV-ing作定語和狀語

Unit４Grammar

動詞-ing形式所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞荩?/p>

主語動名詞

賓語動名詞表語動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞定語動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞

狀語現(xiàn)在分詞

賓補現(xiàn)在分詞

V-ing形式充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种R回顧1.單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面,動名詞作定語表示被修飾者的作用或功能,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：asleepingcar

臥車

=acarforsleepingasleepingchild一個正在睡覺的孩子

=achildwhoissleeping一、V-ing

作定語動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞1)

drinkingwater飲用水

=waterfordrinking

2)awalkingstick拐杖

=astickforwalking

3)areadingroom閱覽室

=aroomforreading

4)awritingdesk寫字桌

=adeskforwriting5)tiringmusic令人疲倦的音樂

=musicwhich/thatistiring6)asurprisingresult令人吃驚的結(jié)果

=aresultwhich/thatis

surprising現(xiàn)在分詞【即練1】同義改寫動名詞2.V–ing

形式短語作定語時,放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如：①Theexperimentwasan

amazing

success.=Theexperimentwasasuccess

whichwasamazing.

②Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroom

that/whichfacesthestreet.

3.V-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語,相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句,這時它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如:

Hisbrother,working

as

ateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.1)Theman

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.2)Anybodyswimming

in

this

riverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.

3)Hersons,bothworkingabroadringhereveryweek.=Hersons,whobothwork/arebothworkingabroad,ringhereveryweek.【即練2】用定語從句改寫1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語,分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。如:Hearingtheknockonthedoor，theystoppedtalking.聽到有人在敲門，他們停止了談話。＝Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.（hearing的邏輯主語是句子的主語they

發(fā)出的，當(dāng)主從句主語相同時，可把從句改為分詞短語）

二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時,不能直接用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。判斷正誤：①Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.()②Hearingthewords,herfacewentred.()（分詞hearing的邏輯主語不是句子的主語herface發(fā)出的,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）

【注意】分詞的邏輯主語不相同時,要用獨立主語，即獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Thegirlwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonherhead．=Whenthegirlwaitedforthebus,abirdfellonherhead.√×3.少部分V-ing形式可以充當(dāng)獨立成分，這時句子主語與其無任何語法關(guān)系，不要誤認(rèn)為是V-ing形式作狀語。如：Judging

from

histone,there'snodoubtheisagainst

it.從他的話音可判斷，毫無疑問他是反對的。常見短語：generally/strictly/exactlyspeaking大體/嚴(yán)格/準(zhǔn)確說來judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……判斷talkingof...談到……considering...考慮，鑒于……supposing(that)．..假設(shè)，假定regarding...關(guān)于……1)Thechildranthroughtherain,hishairgotwet.________________________________,hishairgotwet.2)Iftimepermits,we'lldoanotherexperiment.

_________________________,we'lldoanotherexperiment.3)Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.____________________,herfacewentred.4)Becausealltheticketshadbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly._______________________________,theywentawaydisappointedly.【即練3】用分詞短語改寫ThechildrunningthroughtherainTimepermittingShehearingthewordsAlltheticketshavingbeensoldout如:1)Hearingthebell,theybegantoentertheroom.

解析:hearing是一般式主動，表示聽到和進入兩個動作同時發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于狀從:Whentheyheardthebell2)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.解析:

beingbuilt是一般式被動形式,表示動作正在進行之中,相當(dāng)于定從:Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnow3)

Havingdonethework,hewenthome.解析:

Havingdone是完成式主動,強調(diào)聽見和進入兩個動作先后發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于狀從:Afterhe(had)finishedthework主動形式被動形式

(not)doingbeingdone(not)havingdonehavingbeendone一般式完成式三、V-ing的形式和句法功能1.V-ing

的一般式和完成式2.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語,修飾謂語動詞或整個句子,表示動作發(fā)生的原因、時間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語(通常用不定式表目的地狀語)。1)表時間狀語Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2)表原因狀語

Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.

3)表伴隨狀語

作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作,必須是主語的一個動作,或是與謂語所表示的動作(或狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生,或是對謂語表示的動詞(或狀態(tài))作進一步補充說明。

Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.4)表結(jié)果狀語Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.5)表條件狀語Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.【即練4】用分詞短語改寫1)Whentheyheardthestrangenoise，theyfeltscared.Hearingthestrangenoise,theyfeltscared.2)Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.3)Ifyouwalkedahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.4)Theylaughedandtalkedhappilyastheywentinto

theclassroom.

Laughingandtalkinghappily,theywentintothe

classroom.5)Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,andleftthefamily

evenworseoff.

Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,leavingthefamily

evenworseoff.1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.I.用V-ing形式改寫句子Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson__________________canspeaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs語法作業(yè)3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.Becausehedidn’tknowanyone,hestoodtheresilently.___________anyone,hestoodthere

silently.Notknowing5.Thepicturethathangsonthewallisaworld-famousone.Thepicture_______onthewallisaworld-famousone.6.Becausehehadn’treceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.________________ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.hangingNothavingreceived7.Whenheseesthemountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown._______themountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown.8.BecauseitisSunday,therearenostudentsintheschool.It___________,therearenostudentsintheschool.SeeingbeingSunday9.Hehuntedalltheshopstolookforanicepresentforhismother.Hehuntedalltheshops,____________anicepresentforhismother.10.Ifyoustudyhard,you’llmakeprogress.______________,you’llmakeprogress.

______________,you’llmakeprogress.(祈使句+and/or+陳述句)lookingforStudyinghardStudyhardII．單句改錯。句子共有10處語言，涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（/\）,并在該句