任務(wù)四 冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)

2023/1/11汽車專業(yè)英語邊浩毅黃國潮馮謠高等職業(yè)教育“十三五”規(guī)劃教材主

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編2023/1/11四沖程發(fā)動機基礎(chǔ)知識介紹發(fā)動機構(gòu)造認識燃油直噴系統(tǒng)發(fā)動機冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)認識發(fā)動機點火系統(tǒng)和起動系統(tǒng)認識任務(wù)一任務(wù)二任務(wù)三任務(wù)四任務(wù)五任務(wù)六任務(wù)七任務(wù)八底盤構(gòu)造認識汽車檢測設(shè)備認識KT600汽車診斷系統(tǒng)任務(wù)九汽車市場調(diào)查分析進出口交易的一般流程來人來電購車接待汽車產(chǎn)品配置介紹汽車保險辦理汽車銷售禮儀任務(wù)十任務(wù)十一任務(wù)十二任務(wù)十三任務(wù)十四任務(wù)十五任務(wù)十六汽車產(chǎn)品售后服務(wù)出國手續(xù)辦理

任務(wù)四發(fā)動機冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)認識BriefIntroductionWordListTextlearning-exampleProperNames1234Translationofdifficultsentence5PracticalReading6

BriefIntroduction1.thermostat['θ??m?st?t] n.節(jié)溫器，溫度自動調(diào)節(jié)器2.fan[f?n] n.風(fēng)扇3.transfer[tr?ns'f??;trɑ?ns-;-nz-]vt.轉(zhuǎn)移，傳遞4.copper['k?p?] n.銅，銅制品5.rust[r?st]n.鐵銹6.centrifugal[,sentr?'fju?g(?)l] adj.離心的，離心力的7.dissipate[d?s?pe?t] v.驅(qū)散，消散8.idle[a?d(?)l] adj.空閑的，懶惰的，怠速的9.objective[?b'd?ekt?v] n.目標，目的10.antifreeze[?nt?fri?z] n.防凍劑11.vessel[ves(?)l] n.容器，器皿

WordList2023/1/11

WordList12.climate[?kla?m?t] n.氣候，風(fēng)土13.inhibitor[?n'h?b?t?] n.抑制劑14.corrosion[k?'r???(?)n] n.腐蝕15.generous[d?en(?)r?s] adj.慷慨的，大方的，大量的16.destruction[d?'str?k?(?)n] n.破壞，毀滅17.friction[fr?k?(?)n] n.摩擦，摩擦力18.lubricant['lu?br?k(?)nt] n.滑潤劑19.task[/tɑ?sk]n.任務(wù)，作業(yè)20.abrasive[?'bre?s?v] adj.研磨的n.研磨劑21.viscosity[v?'sk?s?t?] n.粘度22.accumulation[?kju?mj?'le??(?)n] n.積聚，堆積物2023/1/11

WordList23.detergency[d?'t??d??ns?] adj.清凈性24.varnish['vɑ?n??] n.漆膜，清漆25.lacquer['l?k?] n.漆膜，涂膜26.substance[s?bst(?)ns] n.物質(zhì)，實質(zhì)27.regularly[r?ɡj?l?li] adv.有規(guī)律地，有規(guī)則地28.screen[skri?n] n.篩子29.diluent[d?lj??nt] n.稀釋液，沖淡劑30.acid[?s?d] n.酸Textlearning-exampleThepowertraincarriespowerAcoolingsystemofsomekindisnecessaryinanyinternalcombustionengine.Thecoolingsystemofawater-cooledengineconsistsoftheenginewaterjacket,thermostat,waterpump,radiator,radiatorcap,fan,fandrivebeltandnecessaryhoses.EngineCoolingSystem2023/1/11Textlearning-exampleInanautomobileengine,heatflowsortransfersfromtheironoraluminumcylindertothecoolingwater,andfromthecoolanttothecopperoraluminumradiator.Heattransfer2023/1/11Automobileenginewaterpumpsareofmanydesigns,butmostarethecentrifugaltype.Sometimesthefanisinstalledonthewaterpumpshaft.Textlearning-exampleCoolingSystemPump2023/1/11Theradiatorisadevicedesignedtodissipatetheheatthatthecoolanthasabsorbedfromtheengine.Itisconstructedtoholdalargeamountofwaterintubesorotherpassageswhichprovidealargeareaincontactwiththeatmosphere.Textlearning-exampleRadiator2023/1/11Theradiatorcapisdesignedtosealthecoolingsystemsothatitoperatesundersomepressure.Thisimprovescoolingefficiencyandpreventsevaporationofthecoolant.Textlearning-exampleRadiatorCap2023/1/11Thefanisdesignedtodrawcoolingairthroughtheradiatorcore.Thisisnecessaryatlowspeedsorwhentheengineisidling,sincethereisnotenoughairmotionunderthoseconditionstoprovideadequatecooling.Textlearning-exampleCoolingFan2023/1/11Automotiveinternalcombustionenginesoperatemoreefficientlywhenahightemperatureismaintainedwithinnarrowlimits.Toattainthisobjective,athermostatisinsertedinthecoolingsystem.Inoperation,thethermostatisdesignedtocloseofftheflowofwaterfromenginetoradiatoruntiltheenginehasreachedthedesiredoperatingtemperature.Textlearning-exampleThermostat2023/1/11Whenwaterfreezes,itexpandsapproximatelyninepercentinvolume.Becauseofthisgreatrateexpansion,itwillbreakorseriousdistorttheshapeofthevesselinwhichitiscontained.Becauseofthischaracteristic,itisnecessarytouseanonfreezingsolutioninthecoolingsystemofwater-cooledenginesoperatedinclimateswherethetemperatureisbelowthefreezingpointofwater.Textlearning-exampleAntifreezeSolution2023/1/11Excessivefrictionintheengine,however,wouldmeanrapiddestruction.Wecannoteliminateinternalfriction,butwecanreduceittoacontrollabledegreebytheuseoffrictionreducinglubricants.Textlearning-exampleLubricatingSystem2023/1/11Textlearning-exampleOilPumpThepumpsusedtocirculatetheoilareofthepositivedisplacementtypeinseveraldesigns.Sincethesepumpshandleoil,theyarewelllubricatedatalltimesanddonotsufferfromexcessivewear.Mostcasesoflostoilpressureareduetoexcessiveclearanceinthebearingsoftheengineratherthanwornoilpumps.Anotherreasonforlackofoilpressureisstoppageintheoilpumpsupplylineorscreen.Atypicalcauseistheaccumulationofsludgeinascreen.2023/1/11Textlearning-exampleOilsludgeSludgeisamixtureofwater,oil,dirtandotherproductsofcombustion.Itismostlikelytoforminanenginethatseldomreachesasatisfactoryoperatingtemperature.Slowspeed,stop-and-gooperationmeansthattheengineseldomgetshotenoughtodrivethewaterandvaporoutofthecrankcase.Sludgeformationcanbeheldtoaminimumbyusingthecorrectcoolingsystemthermostattomaintainahighengineoperatingtemperature.Usingenginesoilsofhighdetergencyandmakingfrequentchangesofoilandfilterarenecessary.Adequatecrankcaseventilationisalsoimportant.2023/1/11Textlearning-exampleOilFilterOilfilterisplacedintheengineoilsystemtoremovedirtandabrasivesfromtheoil.Diluents,suchasgasolineandacids,arenotremoved.However,byremovingthesolidmaterials,thepossibilityofacidsformingisreduced,andtherateofwearofenginepartsisgreatlyreduced.Oilfiltersinstalledonmodernpassengercarenginesarefull-flowtype;alloilpassesthroughthefilterbeforeitreachesthebearings.However,intheeventthefilterbecomescloggedorobstructed,abypassvalveisprovidedsothatoilwillcontinuetoreachthebearings.

ProperNames1.coolingsystem 冷卻系2.lubricatingsystem 潤滑系3.radiatorcap 散熱器蓋4.radiatorcore 散熱器芯5.fanblade 風(fēng)扇葉片6.positivedisplacementtype 容積式7.oilsludge 油泥8.crankcaseventilation 曲軸箱通風(fēng)9.breakdown 分解10.pourpointdepressant 降凝劑11.detergent-dispersant 清凈分散劑12.foaminhibitor 抗泡劑13.oxidationinhibitor 抗氧劑14.viscosityindeximprover粘度指數(shù)改進劑15.antiwearadditive 抗磨添加劑Translationofdifficultsentence1.Inanautomobileengine,heatflowsortransfersfromtheironoraluminumcylindertothecoolingwater,andfromthecoolanttothecopperoraluminumradiator.翻譯：在汽車發(fā)動機里面，鐵或鋁制的氣缸將熱量傳導(dǎo)到冷卻水，再由冷卻水將熱量傳遞到銅或鋁制的散熱器中。2.Itisconstructedtoholdalargeamountofwaterintubesorotherpassageswhichprovidealargeareaincontactwiththeatmosphere.翻譯：結(jié)構(gòu)上，散熱器要有能容納大量水的管道，這些管道能提供很大的散熱面積，便于與空氣接觸。語法：which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾tubesorpassages。3.Inoperation,thethermostatisdesignedtocloseofftheflowofwaterfromenginetoradiatoruntiltheenginehasreachedthedesiredoperatingtemperature.翻譯：工作時，在發(fā)動機還未達到合適的工作溫度前，節(jié)溫器切斷從發(fā)動機水套流向散熱器的水路。語法：untiltheenginehasreachedthedesiredoperatingtemperature引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。2023/1/11Translationofdifficultsentence4.Becauseofthischaracteristic,itisnecessarytouseanonfreezingsolutioninthecoolingsystemofwater-cooledenginesoperatedinclimateswherethetemperatureisbelowthefreezingpointofwater.翻譯：由于冷卻水會在低溫下凍結(jié)，所以，水冷式發(fā)動機在水的凝固點以下的氣候條件下運行時，需要向冷卻系統(tǒng)中加入防凍液。語法：Becauseof后接短語表原因。itisnecessarytouse是it作形式主語，為了避免全句的頭重腳輕。真正主語是to不定式，本句亦是Touse…isnecessary。5.Wecannoteliminateinternalfriction,butwecanreduceittoacontrollabledegreebytheuseoffrictionreducinglubricants.翻譯：雖然不能消除發(fā)動機內(nèi)的摩擦，但可以通過使用減摩潤滑劑，將摩擦減小到一定的程度。2023/1/11Translationofdifficultsentence6.Mostcasesoflostoilpressureareduetoexcessiveclearanceinthebearingsoftheengineratherthanwornoilpumps.翻譯：多數(shù)情況下，機油壓力不足是由于發(fā)動機內(nèi)軸承間隙過大造成的，而不僅僅是由于機油泵磨損造成的。7.Slowspeed,stop-and-gooperationmeansthattheengineseldomgetshotenoughtodrivethewaterandvaporoutofthecrankcase.翻譯：低速、停停開開等工況意味著發(fā)動機溫度不高，不能將曲軸箱內(nèi)的水和水蒸汽排出。語法：that引導(dǎo)的從句作謂語mean的賓語。2023/1/11PracticalReadingAirConditioningSystemNotonlydowedependonourcarstogetuswherewewanttogo,wealsodependon