專題六：經(jīng)濟(jì)金融

經(jīng)濟(jì)金融

不景氣slump（衰退recession）中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板ChinaGrowthEnterpriseMarket首次上市IPOs(initialpublicoffering)市場資本總額marketcapitalization內(nèi)部股（非上市招股）privatecompanyshares

法律風(fēng)險legalrisk風(fēng)險管理riskmanagement堅持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)maintainstrongunderwritingstandards牛市bullmarket

六大風(fēng)險risksin6keyareas(U.S.FederalReservecriterion)

信用風(fēng)險creditrisk第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）agriculture(primaryindustry)

第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)）manufacturingindustry(secondaryindustry)

第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)）serviceindustry(tertiaryindustry)

主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)majoreconomicindicators

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPgrossdomesticproduct（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）

國民生產(chǎn)總值GNPgrossnationalproduct（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）

人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPpercapita宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)macroeconomy互助基金mutualfund

擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需expanddomesticdemand

改善居民心理預(yù)期inspirethegeneralpublic'sconfidenceinthefutureneeds鼓勵增加即期消費(fèi)encouragemoreimmediateconsumption長期國債long-termtreasurybonds財政赤字和債務(wù)deficitsandthenationaldebt經(jīng)常項目順差favorablebalanceofcurrentaccount,surplusofcurrentaccount開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)engageinRenminbi(RMB)business

出口退稅制度thesystemofrefundingtaxesonexportedgoods

分期付款paybyinstallment

抵押貸款collateralizedloans

住房抵押貸款residentialmortgageloan

貨幣主義者monetarist計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)plannedeconomy指令性計劃mandatoryplan技術(shù)密集型technologyintensive大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)massproduction跟蹤審計follow-upauditing流動性風(fēng)險liquidityrisk操作風(fēng)險operationalrisk內(nèi)部審計internalaudit拋售bearsales配套政策supportingpolicies中國人民銀行（中央銀行）ThePeople’sBankofChina（centralbank）招商銀行ChinaMerchantsBank四大國有商業(yè)銀行4majorstate-ownedcommercialbanks

中國銀行Bankofchina

中國工商銀行IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina（）and

中國建設(shè)銀行ConstructionBankofChina

中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行AgriculturalBankofChina

疲軟股票softstock

配股allotmentofshares實際增長率growthrateinrealterms

年均增長率averagegrowthrateperannum

投資回報率rateofreturnoninvestment

外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額totalforeigntradevalue

實際利用外資incomingoverseascapital(investment)inplace

消費(fèi)價格指數(shù)consumerpriceindex(CPI)

零售價格指數(shù)retailpriceindex（RPI）

生活費(fèi)用價格總指數(shù)totalpriceindexoflivingcost

生活費(fèi)用incomeavailableforlivingexpenses

扣除物價因素inrealterms/oninflation-adjustedbasis

居民儲蓄存款residents’banksavingsdeposit

片面追求發(fā)展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth

泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomy經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱overheatingofeconomy

通貨膨脹inflation實體經(jīng)濟(jì)therealeconomy

經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律lawsofeconomics市場調(diào)節(jié)marketregulation

優(yōu)化資源配置optimizeallocationofresources

規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢advantageofeconomiesofscale

勞動密集型laborintensive市場風(fēng)險marketrisk收緊銀根tightenupmonetarypolicy

適度從緊的財政政策moderatelytightfiscalpolicy

信用緊縮creditcrunch

啟動民間投資attractinvestmentfromtheprivatesector

適銷對路的產(chǎn)品therightproducts/readilymarketableproducts國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)

集體企業(yè)collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises

私營企業(yè)privatebusinesses

民營企業(yè)privately-runbusinesses

中小企業(yè)small-and-medium-sizedenterprises

三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨(dú)資）overseas-investedenterprises;foreign-investedenterprises(Chinese-overseasequityjointventures,Chinese-overseascontractualjointventures,whollyforeign-ownedenterprises)

存款保證金guarantymoneyfordeposits

貨幣回籠withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculation

吸收游資absorbidlefund

經(jīng)常性貸款commerciallending

經(jīng)常性支出operatingexpenses

再貸款re-lending;subloan

支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資supportlargestate-ownedenterprisesandhighandinnovativetechnologycompaniesintheireffortstoseekfinancingbylistingonthestockmarket

改制上市Anenterpriseisre-organizedaccordingtomoderncorporatesystemsothatitwillgetlistedonthestockmarket.

進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場furtherstandardizeanddevelopthesecuritiesmarket

增加直接融資比重increasetheproportionofdirectfinancing

完善股票發(fā)行上市制度improvethesystemforIPOandlistingonstockmarkets

中國證監(jiān)會ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)

深圳證券交易所市ShenzhenStockExchange

上海證券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange

綜合指數(shù)compositeindex

納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板）NASDAQ（NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotation

主板市場themainboard通貨緊縮deflation

中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略thethree-stepdevelopmentstrategyofChina’smodernizationdrive第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番StepOne:GDPof1990doublesthatof1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平StepTwo:GDPof2000quadruplesthatof1980;peopleliveafairlycomfortablelife.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平StepThree:Bytheyear2049,the100thanniversaryoftheP.R.C.,China’slevelofdevelopmentisexpectedtobeonparwiththemid-rankingdevelopedcountries

與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密bemorecloselylinkedtotheworldeconomy

中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購買力ThehugemarketpotentialthatChinaenjoyswillbeturnedintotangiblepurchasingpower.適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全Theregulatoryandlegalsystemisnotwellestablishedastoadapttothedemandofmarketeconomy.

經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng)Theeconomicmanagementsystemmaynotbereadilyadaptedtothechanges.

一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊Somesectorsofeconomyandsomebusinessesmaybeadverselyaffected.

立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢proceedfromnationalconditionsinChinaandbringouradvantagesintoplay

揚(yáng)長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn)fosterstrengthsandcircumventweaknessesandrisetothechallengeofeconomicglobalization

瓶頸制約bottleneckconstraints

放權(quán)讓利decentralizationandinterestconcessions(inlate1980sandearly1990s)

深化改革intensifyreform;deepenone’scommitmenttoreform

配套改革supporting(concomitant)reforms

配套資金counterpartfunds;localfundingof

提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益improveeconomicperformance;increaseeconomicreturns

講求社會效益valuecontributiontosociety;payattentiontosocialeffect

加速國民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化developinformation-basedeconomyaccelerateITapplicationineconomy

拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長fueleconomicgrowth

利改稅substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery

朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)sunriseindustry

招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制thesystemofpublicbiddingforproject

充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用givefullplaytotheroleofmonetarypolicy

實施積極的財政政策followapro-activefiscalpolicy

向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴(kuò)大投資Thegovernmentissuedadditionaltreasurybondstobankstoincreaseinvestment.

再注資recapitalization

放松銀根toeasemonetarypolicy信息經(jīng)濟(jì)ITeconomy

外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)export-orientedeconomy信息時代informationage

全球化globalization（全球性globality）信譽(yù)風(fēng)險reputationalrisk

風(fēng)險評級riskrating

到期不還貸defaultonaloan

資不抵債insolvency;beinsolvent

亞洲金融危機(jī)Asianfinancialcrisis(1997-98)

投資（貸款）組合investment(loan)portfolio

外匯儲備充足sufficientforeignexchangereserves

中國金融業(yè)問題problemswithfinancialsectorinChina儲蓄比例過高theexcessivelylargeproportionofsavingsinthemoneysupply

國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高h(yuǎn)ighleverageratioofthestate-ownedenterprises,

國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高h(yuǎn)ighratioofnon-performingloansofthestatecommercialbanks

少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù)insolvencyofahandfulofsmallandmedium-sizedfinancialinstitutions

不良貸款non-performingloans

防范和化解金融風(fēng)險addressfinancialrisks

提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力improveenterprises’creditworthinessandabilitytofulfiltheircivilliabilities

監(jiān)事會supervisoryboard

實行謹(jǐn)慎會計制度adoptprudentialaccountingstandards

五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量thefive-categoryassetclassificationapproach

金融資產(chǎn)管理公司financialassetmanagementcompanies

分離和收回不良資產(chǎn)substantiallyreducetheratioofnon-performingassets

分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營businesssegregation,economyofscale

規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場退出制度improvethemarketexitmechanismforfinancialinstitutions政策性銀行statepolicy-relatedbank

國家發(fā)展銀行StateDevelopmentBank知識經(jīng)濟(jì)knowledge-basedeconomy

網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)Internet-basednetworkedeconomy指導(dǎo)性計劃guidanceplan社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（中國）socialistmarketeconomy

社會市場經(jīng)濟(jì)（德國）socialmarketeconomy

新經(jīng)濟(jì)（美國）neweconomy中國光大銀行EverbrightBankofChina

中國民聲銀行ChinaMinshengBankingCorporationLtd.

中信實業(yè)銀行CITICIndustrialBank中國進(jìn)出口銀行ChinaEXIMBank

匯豐銀行HongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HKSBC)金融監(jiān)管financialsupervision

中國人民銀行法LawofthePeople’sBankofChina

商業(yè)銀行法LawofCommercialBanks

保險法LawofInsurance

證券法LawofSecurities

監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、管理機(jī)制不健全problemsofsupervisedentities’behaviorandtheunsoundinternalgovernancemechanism

風(fēng)險意識consciousnessofriskprevention

事前監(jiān)管proactiveregulationandsupervisionaccount

number

帳目編號

depositor

存戶

pay-in

slip

存款單

a

deposit

form

存款單

a

banding

machine

自動存取機(jī)

to

deposit

存款

deposit

receipt

存款收據(jù)

private

deposits

私人存款

certificate

of

deposit

存單

deposit

book,

passbook

存折

credit

card

信用卡

principal

本金

overdraft,

overdraw

透支

to

counter

sign

雙簽

to

endorse

背書

endorser

背書人

to

cash

兌現(xiàn)

to

honor

a

check

兌付

to

dishonor

a

check

拒付

to

suspend

payment

止付

check

支票

check

book

支票本

order

check

記名支票

bearer

check

不記名支票

crossed

check

橫線支票

blank

check

空白支票

rubber

check

空頭支票

check

stub,

counterfoil

票根

cash

check

現(xiàn)金支票

traveler's

check

旅行支票

check

for

transfer

轉(zhuǎn)帳支票

outstanding

check

未付支票

canceled

check

已付支票

forged

check

偽支票

Bandar's

note

莊票，銀票

banker

銀行家

president

行長

local

bank

本地銀行

domestic

bank

國內(nèi)銀行

overseas

bank

國外銀行

unincorporated

bank

錢莊

branch

bank

銀行分行

trust

company

信托公司

financial

trust

金融信托公司

unit

trust

信托投資公司

self-service

bank

無人銀行

general

ledger

總帳

subsidiary

ledger

分戶帳

cash

book

現(xiàn)金出納帳

cash

account

現(xiàn)金帳

journal,

day-book

日記帳，流水帳

bad

debts

壞帳

investment

投資

surplus

結(jié)余

idle

capital

游資

economic

cycle

經(jīng)濟(jì)周期

economic

boom

經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮

economic

recession

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退

economic

depression

經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條

economic

crisis

經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)

economic

recovery

經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇

inflation

通貨膨脹

deflation

通貨收縮

devaluation

貨幣貶值

revaluation

貨幣增值

international

balance

of

payment

國際收支

favorable

balance

順差

adverse

balance

逆差

hard

currency

硬通貨

soft

currency

軟通貨

international

monetary

system

國際貨幣制度

the

purchasing

power

of

money

貨幣購買力

money

in

circulation

貨幣流通量

note

issue

紙幣發(fā)行量

national

budget

國家預(yù)算

national

gross

product

國民生產(chǎn)總值

public

bond

公債

stock,

share

股票

debenture

債券

treasury

bill

國庫券

debt

chain

債務(wù)鏈

discount

貼現(xiàn)

discount

rate,

bank

rate

貼現(xiàn)率

gold

reserve

黃金儲備

money

(financial)

market

金融市場

stock

exchange

股票交易所

broker

經(jīng)紀(jì)人

commission

傭金

bookkeeping

簿記

bookkeeper

簿記員

an

application

form

申請單

bank

statement

對帳單

letter

of

credit

信用證

strong

room,

vault

保險庫

equitable

tax

system

等價稅則

specimen

signature

簽字式樣

banking

hours,

business

hours

營業(yè)時間share,equity,stock股票、股權(quán)negotiableshare可流通股份treasury/governmentbond國庫券/政府債券closed-endsecuri