British-culture1英國基本信息解析

LeadInCultureDefinitionAccordingtotheOxfordDictionary,ithasthefollowingmeanings:1.refinedunderstandingandappreciationofart,literature,etc.2.stateofintellectualdevelopmentofasociety3.particularformofintellectualexpression4.customs,arts,socialinstitutions,etcofaparticulargrouporpeople.Thislectureaimstohelptogetaninsider’sviewaboutBritish&AmericanCultures.

WikipediaItisatermthathasvariousmeanings.However,itismostcommonlyusedin3basicsenses.1.excellenceoftasteinthefineartsandhumanities,alsoknownashighculture2.anintegratedpatternofhumanknowledge,belief,andbehaviorthatdependsuponthecapacityforsymbolicthoughtandsociallearning.3.thestareofsharedattitude,values,goals,andpracticesthatcharacterizesaninstitution,organizationorgroupUnionFlagcombinationFullpicturePatronSaint守護(hù)神&FlagNamePatronSaintFlagFeastDayEnglandSt.George23rdAprilScotlandSt.Andrew30thNovemberWalesSt.David1stMarchNorthernIrelandSt.Patrick17thMarchItconsistsoftheredcrossofSaintGeorge(patronsaintofEngland),edgedinwhite,superimposedontheCrossof

StPatrick(patronsaintofIreland),whicharesuperimposedontheSaltireofSaintAndrew(patronsaintofScotland).Wales,however,isnotrepresentedintheUnionFlagbyWales'patronsaint,SaintDavid,asatthetimetheflagwasdesignedWaleswaspartoftheKingdomofEngland.RoyalcoatofarmsoftheUnitedKingdomCapital&EmblemNameCapitalCityNationalEmblem國花EnglandLondonScotlandEdinburghWalesCardiffNorthernIrelandBelfastroseThistle薊花leekanddaffodil韭菜和水仙花Shamrock白花醡漿草RoseandEnglandTheWarofRosesTwofamilies:theHouseofYork(whiterose)andtheHouseofLancaster(redrose)HenryVII(theLancaster)andElizabethofYork(theYork)TheTudorRoseHenryVIIIandthestabilizationofthethroneinEngland

ThistleandScotlandAprickly花椒-leafedpurpleflowerFirstusedinthe15thcenturyasasymbolofdefenceKingMcBethandtheVikingraiders狙擊手ontheScottishcoastLeek,DaffodilandWalesThecolorsgreenandwhiteDaffodilwasusedinthefifteenthcenturyasasignofrecognitionbysupportersofHenryVII.Leekwasusedasacapbadge徽章inbattletotellfriendfromfoe.

BotharewornonSt.David’sday.ShamrockandIrelandAthree-leafedplantUsedbySt.PatricktoillustratethedoctrineoftheHolyTrinityTriads,orgroupsofthree,wereofmajorsignificanceinancientIreland.IncludedinthebouquetofanIrishbride,andalsointheboutonniereofthegroomAnintegralpartofanoldtraditioncalled"drowningtheshamrock."Theshieldisquartered,depictinginthefirstandfourthquartersthethreepassantguardantlionsofEngland;inthesecond,therampantlionanddoubletressureflory-counterfloryofScotland;andinthethird,aharpforNorthernIreland.Thecrestisastatantguardantlionwearingtheimperialcrown,himselfonanotherrepresentationofthatcrown.Thedexter

supporterisalikewisecrownedEnglishlion;thesinister,aScottishunicorn.ThecoatfeaturesboththemottoofEnglishmonarchs,Dieuetmondroit(Godandmyright),andthemottooftheOrderoftheGarter,Honisoitquimalypense(Shamedbehewhothinksillofit)onarepresentationoftheGarterbehindtheshield.英國國徽,即英王徽。中心圖案為一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角為紅底上三只金獅，象征英格蘭；右上角為金底上半站立的金獅，象征蘇格蘭；左下角為藍(lán)底上金黃色豎琴，象征北愛爾蘭。盾徽兩側(cè)各由一只頭戴王冠、分別代表英格蘭和蘇格蘭的獅子和獨角獸守護(hù)。盾徽四周用法文寫著一句格言"Honisoitquimalypense"，意為“心懷邪念者可恥”；下端懸掛著嘉德勛章，飾帶上用法文寫著"Dieuetmondroit"，意為“天有上帝，我有權(quán)利”。盾徽上端為鑲有珠寶的金銀色頭盔、帝國王冠和頭戴王冠的獅子。底部的綠地中有玫瑰（英格蘭），薊（蘇格蘭），韭菜（威爾士）以及三葉草（愛爾蘭）。Honisoitquimalypense出處：“Honisoitquimalypense”（法語，心懷邪念者可恥）這句話繡在環(huán)圍著王室盾形徽章的NationalAnthem英國國歌慶典版\英國國歌慶典版.flv1.GodsaveourgraciousQueen,

LongliveournobleQueen,

GodsavetheQueen!

Sendhervictorious,

Happyandglorious,

Longtoreignoverus;

GodsavetheQueen!2.OLordourGodarise,

Scatterherenemies

Andmakethemfall;

Confoundtheirpolitics,

Frustratetheirknavishtricks,

OnTheeourhopeswefix,

Godsaveusall!3.Thychoicestgiftsinstore

Onherbepleasedtopour;

Longmayshereign;

Mayshedefendourlaws,

Andevergiveuscause

Tosingwithheartandvoice,

GodsavetheQueen!4.Notinthislandalone,

ButbeGod'smerciesknown,

Fromshoretoshore!

Lordmakethenationssee,

Thatmenshouldbrothersbe,

Andformonefamily,

Thewideworldover.5.Fromeverylatentfoe,

Fromtheassassinsblow,

GodsavetheQueen!

O'erherthinearmextend,

ForBritain'ssakedefend,

Ourmother,prince,andfriend,

GodsavetheQueen!上帝保佑女王，祝她萬壽無疆，神佑女王。常成功，沐榮光；孚民望，心歡暢；治國家，王運(yùn)長；神佑女王！

揚(yáng)神威，張?zhí)炀W(wǎng)，保王室，殲敵人，一鼓滌蕩。破陰謀，滅奸黨，把亂萌一掃光；讓我們齊仰視，神佑女王！

愿上帝恩澤長，選精品，傾寶囊，萬歲女王！愿她疼惜法律，使民心齊歸向，一樣誠意歌頌，神佑女王！

PartI.

BritishCulture

Chapter1

WhoAretheBritish?

FocalPointsBritain&BritishIn1975,thegovernmentaffirmedthatthetermBritain,notGreatBritaincouldbeusedasashortenedformoftheUnitedKingdom.BritishreferstoallcitizensoftheUnitedKingdom,includingWelsh,Scottish,EnglishandNorthernIrish.ThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandtheNorthernIreland.

1535ActofUnionWales+England(TheLawsinWalesActs1535and1542(Welsh:)wereparliamentarymeasuresbywhichthelegalsystemofWaleswasannexedtoEnglandandthenormsofEnglishadministrationintroduced.Theintentionwastocreateasinglestateandasinglelegaljurisdiction;frequentlyreferredtoasEnglandandWales.TheActswerepassedduringthereignofKingHenryVIIIofEngland,whocamefromtheWelshTudordynasty.:///wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535%E2%80%931542)

1707ActofUnionScotland+England(TheActsofUnionweretwoActsofParliament:theUnionwithScotlandAct1706passedbytheParliamentofEnglandandtheUnionwithEnglandActpassedin1707bytheParliamentofScotland.TheywereputintoeffectthetermsoftheTreatyofUnionthathadbeenagreedon22July1706,followingnegotiationbetweencommissionersrepresentingtheparliamentsofthetwocountries.TheActsjoinedtheKingdomofEnglandandtheKingdomofScotland(previouslyseparatestates,withseparatelegislaturesbutwiththesamemonarch)intoasingle,unitedkingdomnamed"GreatBritain".:///wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707)1801ActofUnionIreland+GreatBritain(Passedon2July1800and1August1800respectively,thetwinActsunitedtheKingdomofGreatBritainandtheKingdomofIrelandtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.:///wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800)1922Irelandwaspartitioned.6countiesthereofUlster,inthenorthremainedpartoftheUnitedKingdom.

英國史AHistoryOfBritain01.Beginnings.flv3.Stoneh