高二英語（選修八）unit 3 Grammar

Grammar-----RevisethePastParticipleastheAttribute,PredicativeandObjectComplement

1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，既表示被動(dòng)，又表示完成。

(1)

茶杯破了。Thecupisbroken.2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。

(2)他已退休。

Heisretired.過去分詞作表語

Grammar:3.有些過去分詞作表語時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

(3)

這座城市三面環(huán)山。Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.過去分詞作表語

Grammar:【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。

（是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(2)圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語）Thelibraryisnowclosed.【注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,-ing

形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，用-ing

形式來修飾物。

(3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.這本書很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。我對(duì)金庸寫的小說很感興趣。______________________________________.當(dāng)他聽到他在比賽中贏得第一名時(shí)很興奮。Hebecame_____________whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.I’minterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyJinYongexcited過去分詞作定語

作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。1.過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。

Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。過去分詞作定語

2.過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書面語中。

Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功。

3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號(hào)。他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.完成下面句子：1.______________(污染的)airandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.2.Theproblem________________（在會(huì)議上討論的）yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.

Polluteddiscussed3.破損的窗戶很快就會(huì)被換掉。______________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.4.昨天買的書確實(shí)不錯(cuò)。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.Thebrokenwindowboughtyesterday過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類：1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。

(1)我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.

(2)他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。

Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.2.表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)明天我要理發(fā)。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.(2)他昨天把牙拔了。Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.(3)要把那些事情做完。Don’tleavethosethingsundone.【注意】過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。（二）使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。

1.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。

(1)他的錢給偷了。Hehadhismoneystolen.

（被別人偷去了）

2.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如：

(2)他的腿斷了。Hehadhislegbroken.

（自己的經(jīng)歷）“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：(1)

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件）(“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：((3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）(4)

Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。

[例]用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Onthesecondfloorlayanoldwoman__________(kill)inthefire.2.Theteachbuildings__________(build)in1960needrepairing.3.Ifoundmyschoolbag__________(leave)inMary’sroom.4.__________(give)moretime,I’llfinishmyworkontime.5.Comparedwith_________(develop)countries,westillhavealongwaytogo.6.TheEnglishteacherenteredtheroom,__________(follow)byhisstudents.killedbuiltleftGivendevelopedfollowed1．[1989]——Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?——I’dliketohavethispackage

,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed2.[1990]Mostoftheartists

tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hasbeeninvited3.[1990]

moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven4.[1991]Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___

behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied高考題解析5.[1993]Thecomputercentre,

lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened6.[1996]

inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose7.[2000]Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee

thenextyear.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout1.TheOlympicGames,

in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying2.Thewomankepthereyes

onherbabyforquitesometime.A.tofixB.fixedC.fixingD.beingfixed3.

byacrowdofpeople,hefeltnervous,

whattosay.A.watching,didn’tknowB.Havingwatched,andnotknowC.havingbeenwatched,notknowD.Beingwatched,notknowing4.Theboylayonhisback,withhisteeth

,hisrighthand

,andhisglaringeyes

straightupward.A.set,raising,lookedB.set,raised,lookingC.setting,raised,lookedD.toset,raising,lookingPractices:____fromspace,ourearth,withwater

70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.A.Seeing,coveringB.Havingseen,coveredC.Tosee,coveredD.Seen,covering6.Mybrotherlefttheworkhalf

,foryoucanfindmanybooks

scatteredonthefloor.A.done,lyingB.doing,lainC.do,layD.did,liein1866,UlyssesS,GrantwasthefirstUnitedStatescitizenafterGeorgeWashingtontoholdthatrank..A.TobeafullgeneralB.HewasmadeafullgeneralC.MadeafullgeneralD.Asafullgeneral8.Havingbeenservedlunch

.A.theproblemwasdiscussedbythemembersoftheclubB.themembersoftheclubdiscussedtheproblemC.itwasdiscussedbythemembersoftheclubD.adiscussionoftheproblemwasmadebythemembers9.Hehaslotsofbooks,

thatheisstillyoung.A.consideringB.consideredC.beingconsideredD.ourconsidering10.“

moreattention,mypronunciationwillbeimprovedgreatly.”,

and“___moretime,Iwillimprovemypronunciationgreatly”.A.Given,GivingB.Given,GivenC.Giving,GivingD.Giving,GivenCompletethefollowingsentencesbyusingthepastparticipleofsuitableverbs.burnunderstandloseinvitebeatembarrassinjuresuggestcrowd