博士讀書報(bào)告課件

Three-dimensionalreconstructionofurogenitaltractfromVisibleKoreanHuman

1.preface2.Objective3.Materialsandmethods4.Results5.Discussion6.Enlightenment7.referencescontents

“數(shù)字人”（DigitalHuman）又稱為“可視人”（VisibleHuman）或“虛擬人”（VirtualHuman）。是通過計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，將人體結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)字化，在電腦屏幕上出現(xiàn)看得見的、能夠調(diào)控的虛擬人體形像。還可以通過虛擬仿真的技術(shù)處理,出現(xiàn)動(dòng)畫式的虛擬動(dòng)作。據(jù)科技部基礎(chǔ)司和香山科學(xué)會(huì)議主編的2003年科學(xué)前沿報(bào)告《數(shù)字化虛擬人體以及我國的研究進(jìn)展》中的表述，在世紀(jì)之交，生命科學(xué)研究中有兩個(gè)值得重視的發(fā)展方向：一個(gè)是功能基因組學(xué)的研究，另一個(gè)是數(shù)字化虛擬人體的建設(shè)。前言什么是“數(shù)字人”？第一階段------數(shù)字化可視人第二階段------數(shù)字化物理人第三階段------數(shù)字化生理人第四階段------數(shù)字化智能人數(shù)字人的研究分四個(gè)階段

“數(shù)字人”作為一種科學(xué)技術(shù)研究的載體，有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。凡是涉及與人體結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的、用先進(jìn)的信息科學(xué)技術(shù)為研究手段的項(xiàng)目，都必須要有這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性的框架。航天航空:若能在“數(shù)字人”框架上，賦予組織或器官對(duì)失重變化和宇宙輻射敏感的性能，就有可能替代動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)，為航天員的保障防護(hù)提供對(duì)策和依據(jù)；體育競技:若能模擬運(yùn)動(dòng)員在最佳成績瞬間的動(dòng)作，就可以幫助教練員擬訂科學(xué)訓(xùn)練方案；國防建設(shè):若能將人體組織器官對(duì)環(huán)境影響因素的反應(yīng)加以收錄，就能替代真人接受傷害性武器實(shí)驗(yàn)；醫(yī)學(xué)教育和科研:最先受到關(guān)注，發(fā)展最快、應(yīng)用最廣。特別是以人體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能為主要研究對(duì)象的醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，更具發(fā)展的前景；舞蹈編排；影視虛擬；服裝設(shè)計(jì)；駕駛室設(shè)計(jì)?！皵?shù)字人”的覆蓋范圍數(shù)據(jù)庫特點(diǎn)----美、韓數(shù)字人美國VHP數(shù)據(jù)集：男，切片間距1mm，總切片數(shù)為1878片；女性切片間距0.33mm，總切片數(shù)為5189片，配有相應(yīng)CT及頭部MRI，無血管灌注，有3段數(shù)據(jù)缺損，男性有手術(shù)史。首例韓國數(shù)字人數(shù)據(jù)庫切片間距0.2mm總切片數(shù)近9000片，為淋巴瘤病人，無血管灌注。中國首例數(shù)字化可視人體數(shù)據(jù)集：男，有血管灌注，切片層距1.0mm，分辨率3072×2048像素，每個(gè)斷層圖象３６ＭＢ，有相應(yīng)層面的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ(1.0T)檢查對(duì)照。女：切片層距0.5mm（張紹祥）。ＶＣＨ－Ｆ１：有血管灌注，切片層距0.2mm共8556張，分辨率3024×2016像素，每個(gè)斷層圖象17.5ＭＢ，ＣＴ層距1mm共1718張，ＭＲＩ層距2mm，共802張(鐘世鎮(zhèn))。其后數(shù)據(jù)集主要是技術(shù)改進(jìn)、質(zhì)量提高，并開發(fā)小兒數(shù)據(jù)集。數(shù)據(jù)庫特點(diǎn)----中國數(shù)字人

topresentaninteractivethreedimensional(3D)modelofthemaleurogenitaltract.Inordertoachievethispurpose,theurogenitaltractandadjacentanatomicalstructuresweredividedintoitsdifferentpartsonanatomicalimagesoftheVisibleKoreanHuman(VKH)andthenarrangedinapiletobuilda3Dvector-basedmodel.ObjectiveMaterialsandmethods

precisesegmentedimagesweremadeonthebasisofseriallysectionedanatomicalimagesofhumanbody.Theadvantageofthisdataset,comparedwithcomputedtomographsormagneticresonanceimages,isthatallanatomicalstructuresareclearlyvisible.[1]VisibleKoreanHuman（VKH）dataset.

（forthefollowingreasons）:

theVKHincludedanintacturogenitaltractinmanof33yearsofage.[7](figure3)

theVKHincludedamalesubjectwithprecisebodycontourandposition.[6]

(figure2)

theVKHincludedhigh-qualityanatomicalimages.[8]

(figure4)

theVKHalreadyincludedsegmentedimages.[6,9]

SURFdriversoftware.[2-5](figure1)WeusedtheanatomicalandsegmentedimagesoftheVKHfromkidneystotestes.TheVKHoftheentirebodyincluded8,590anatomicalimageswith0.2mmintervals.Amongthem,weselectedtheimagesfromtopoftheleftkidneytobottomofthetestes;asaresult,2,200images(numbers,2,601to4,800)ofanatomicalimageswereprepared.Successively,weselectedeveryfiveslice;asaresult,440images(numbers:2,605,2,610,2,615……4,800)ofanatomicalandsegmentedimageswith1mmintervalswereprepared.Three-dimensionalimagesoftheurogenitaltractandadjacentanatomicalstructures,whicharedisplayedopaquelywithexceptionofthesemitransparenturinarybladderandprostate.1,rightkidney;2,leftkidney;3,rightureter;4,leftureter;5,urinarybladder(innerandouterboundaries);6,prostate;7,leftseminalvesicle;8,urethra;9,rightductusdeferens;10,righttestis;11,rectum;12,inferiorvenacava;13,abdominalaorta;14,leftrenalvein;15,superiormesentericartery;16,leftrenalartery.

Three-dimensionalmodeloftheurogenitaltractwithbonesafterremovaloftheotheranatomicalstructures.

resultThree-dimensionalmodelofthepelvisafterremovaloftheleftiliacbone.

Zoomed3Dmodelofthepelvis.

Discussion

All3Dimagesmadeinthisresearchwillbepresentedworldwidefreeofchargeeitheronlineoroffline.Theinteractive3Dmodelisexpectedtohelpmedicalstudentsforthestudyofanatomy.Inaddition,the3Dmodelisexpectedtohelpmedicaldoctorsexplainurologicaldiseasestopatients.

Theefficiencyofthis3Dmodelingtooltolearnanatomyandassurgicalsimulatorshasbeensuccessfulforteachingstudents(Pughetal.,[2])aswellforpatientsbeforeoperations(Hermann,[3]).Also,ithasbeencomparedtoothertoolsandisofbettereducationalvaluethankstothedirectmanipulationofsegmented3Dgraphicalmodelsbytheuser.

First,additionalanatomicalstructuresneedtobesegmented.Forexample,thepelvicdiaphragmandperinealmuscles,therenalcortex,renalpyramids,minorcalices,majorcalices,renalpelvisandbulbourethralglandsinakidneyneedtobefurthersegmented.PossibleImprovementsoftheResearchSecond,3Dmodelsneedtobemadebysolidmodeling.[10]

Third,virtualdissectionwithvariousfunctionsneedstobetried.[11]references[1].UhlJF,ParkJS,ChungMS,DelmasV.Three-dimensionalreconstructionofurogenitaltractfromVisibleKoreanHuman.AnatRecADiscovMolCellEvolBiol.2006Aug;288(8):893-9.[2].AmeilM,DelattreJF,CordobesB,FlamentJB.1984.Computerizedreconstructionofananatomicalstructurebasedondigitizedsections:preliminarystudy.AnatClin5:261-264.[3].LozanoffS,DiewertVM.1989a.Acomputergraphicsprogramformeasuringtwo-andthree-dimensionalformchangeindevelopingcraniofacialcartilagesusingfinite-elementmethods.ComputBiomedRes22:63-82.

[4].LozanoffS,DiewertVM.1989b.DevelopmentalmorphologyoftheSolumNasiinthemouselemure(Microcebusmurinus).JMorphol202:409-424.[5].MoodyD,LozanoffS.1997.SURFdriver:apracticalcomputerprogramforgeneratingthree-dimensionalmodelsofanatomicalstructures.Honolulu,Hawaii:14thAnnualMeetingoftheAmericanAssociationofClinicalAnatomists.[6].ParkJS,ChungMS,HwangSB,LeeYS,HarDH,ParkHS.2005a.VisibleKoreanHuman:improvedseriallysectionedimagesoftheentirebody.IEEETransMedImaging24:352-360.

[7].SpitzerVM,AckermanMJ,ScherizingerAL,WhitlockDG.1996.TheVisibleHumanmale:atechnicalreport.JAmMedInformAssoc3:118-130.[8].ZhangSX,HengPA,LiuZJ,TanLW,etal.2003.CreationoftheChineseVisibleHumandataset.AnatRecBNewAnat275:190-195.[9].ParkJS,ChungMS,HwangSB,LeeYS,HarDH.2005b.TechnicalreportonsemiautomaticsegmentationusingtheAdobePhotoshop.JDigitImaging18:333-343.[10].BoissonnatJD.1988.Shapereconstructionfromplanarcrosssections.ComputVisGraphImageProc44:1-29.

[11].SchiemannT,FreudenbergJ,PflesserB,PommertA,PriesmeyerK,RiemerM,SchubertR,TiedeU,HhneKH.2002.ExploringtheVisibleHumanusingtheVOXEL-MANframework.ComputMedImagingGraph24:127-132.謝謝大家！首先是要建立一個(gè)人體框架，技術(shù)要點(diǎn)是將人體切成許多橫斷面，這就是通常稱之為人體的數(shù)據(jù)集，數(shù)據(jù)集的各個(gè)二維平面的圖像數(shù)字化處理后，可以輸入計(jì)算機(jī)，經(jīng)過三維重建技術(shù)，出現(xiàn)立體的可視人體圖像。（三維重建→可視器官、手術(shù)計(jì)劃等）。數(shù)字化可視