牛津高中英語M3U1Grammarandusage名詞性從句

Unit1Nounclauses名詞性從句(請參照《優(yōu)化》P17）在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞,能在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句主要應(yīng)注意其引導(dǎo)詞的用法與區(qū)別以及名詞性從句與其他從句的區(qū)別等。一、名詞性從句Practice判斷下列從句的類型1.Whetherthey’llwinisnotyetknown.

2.Ihavenoideawhathedidthatday.

3.Thisiswhatwewanttoknow.

4.Whathewantsisabook.

5.Iampleasedtoknowthatallofyouhavepassedtheexam.

6.Thenewsthathehaspassedtheexamisexciting.二、名詞性從句的連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

(1)不充當(dāng)成分連詞：that（無詞意）；whether,if（含“是否”意思）。（2）連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.whichever,whomever

（3）連接副詞：when,where,how,why

1.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_______hescoredthewinninggoal.A.whereB.whenC.how D.why2.Exactly____thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.how分類詞形詞義作從句的成分連詞thatwhether(或if)是否連接代詞who(ever)(無論)誰[主格]主、表whom(ever)(無論)誰[賓格]賓whose誰的[所有格]定which(ever)(無論)哪一個(些)主、賓、表、定what(ever)(無論)什么，

……東西主、賓、表、定分類詞形詞義作從句的成分連接副詞when什么時間狀where什么地方狀how怎樣，

如何狀why為什么狀三、具體用法（一）主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句，通常由that,

whether,what,who,which,whatever，whoever以及how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的詞義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。Thatthefootballmatchwillbeputoffiscertainnow.Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whathesaidatthemeetingwasveryinspiring.Howtheprisonerescapedisstillamystery.Whatsheneedsismoreexperience.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.【注意】1)主語從句一般放在句首，但有時也用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放句末。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.Itwasgoodnewsthateveryonegotbacksafely.2)主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式【典例1】_____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As【典例2】Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that

（二）賓語從句在句子中充當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句。Doyouknowthatsheisapoet?Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwecooperate.賓語從句在句中作及物動詞、介詞或某些情感形容詞（sure,pleased,afraid,glad,sorry等)的賓語。如：Shebelievedthathehadnottoldherthetruth.There’sadiscussionabouthowtogetagoodjob.We’reallpleasedthatwehaveonceagainovercomethedifficulty.2.賓語從句的后置有時候為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可將賓語從句后置，而將it作形式賓語。這些賓從通常由動詞think，find,feel,consider,make,believe,hate,take等引導(dǎo)。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.Hehasmadeitclearthathewon’tagreetotheplan.3.賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)1）語序賓語從句通常采用陳述語序。Hedoesn’tknowwho

hecanturntoforhelp.Wearediscussingwhetherwewilltakeonthistask.2)時態(tài)賓語從句的時態(tài)一般隨著主句謂語時態(tài)的變化而變化。5.注意事項主句謂語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議等的動詞（如order,demand,command,request,recommend,suggest等）時，賓語從句的謂語形式為“(should)+動詞原形”。Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.MotherrequiresthatI(should)gotobedbefore11.Itrulybelieve_________beautycomesfromwithin.(單句改錯）Teachersrecommendthatparentsdonotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.that（三）表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句通常放在系動詞be,remain,look等后面。Oneexplanationisthatwomen’ssenseofsmellisbetterdevelopedthanthatofmen.Itmightnotbeyourintentionbutthefactremainsthatyourwordshurthim.3.如果主句的主語是表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞（如idea,advice,suggestion,proposal,order,request,requirement,demand等）時，表語從句的謂語應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，即“(should)+動詞原形”的形式。Mysuggestion

isthatonethousandtreesbeplantedalongtheriverbank.Hisidea

isthatwespendtheweekendinthenearbyholidaycamp.Victor’sadvice

isthatweshouldsignupforthemusical.YaliEnglishMusical

TheSoundofMusicCometotheEnglishlibrary(room219)tolearnmore!Auditions（試音）willbenextweek(February27-March2).Sign-upoutsidetheEnglishlibrary.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’s________Iwasborn.”where（四）同位語從句偉大的革命家，軍事家，思想家，政治家毛澤東同志永遠活在我們的心中。偉大的革命家，軍事家，思想家，政治家，毛澤東同志，永遠活在我們的心中。同位語什么是同位語？與前面的詞位置相同、作用相同的句子成分功能：解釋說明前面的名詞注：只能由名詞、名短、從句充當(dāng)獨到的作用：超級寫作伴侶！使句子長短結(jié)合，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，找名詞、加解釋增加信息量（四）同位語從句在句子中充當(dāng)同位語的從句叫同位語從句。跟在一個內(nèi)涵豐富的名詞后面，解釋其內(nèi)容。Shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched.Thenewsthathecouldn’tcomemadeusupset.同位語從句用于對表示抽象意義的名詞(idea,fact,evidence,hope,doubt,news,promise,truth等)進行具體的說明。WeallknowthefactthatJohnbrokethewindow.Wehavelearnedthetruththattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞（如suggestion,proposal,advice,requirement,request,demand,order等）后的同位語從句的謂語形式為“(should)+動詞原形”。Thesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.Thenewsthathehassucceededinspiredusalldeeply.What’sthenewsthatupsethersomuch?同位語從句定語從句單句改錯Themanagerputforwardasuggestionhowweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.Ihavenoideawhatthecellphoneisn’tworking,socouldyoufixitforme?how→thatwhat→why二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1)that和what的選用that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。1.______hewantsisabook.2._____hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis____wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.5.Is_____hetoldustrue?WhatThatthatwhatthatorwhatwhat6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.whatthatwhatwhat除起連接作用外，還充當(dāng)成分；而that不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。(2)if和whether的選用whether和if都可以使用的情況：

1)引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句時；2)在主語從句中，it用作形式主語時。Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.只能用whether的情況：1)與ornot直接連用時,只能用whether(即whetherornot),而不能用if(即ifornot)；2)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時；3)引導(dǎo)主語從句，且位于句首時；4)引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時；Idon’tcarewhetherornotshewillattendthemeeting?1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.if/whetherWhetheriforwhether3.We’reworriedabout_______heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow_______ornotheiswell.whetherwhether/ifwhether6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

whetherwhether其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確的選擇who/which/when/where/why/how等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。

_____weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow____broketheglassyesterday.Whenwho我不知道他長的什么樣子。

Ihavenoidea_____helookslike.

這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。

Thisis______Ileftmyglasses.whatwhere引導(dǎo)詞that的省略that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可以省略；但如果有兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，則第二個賓語從句中的that不可省略；Hesaid(that)helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn’tuseanumbrellawhenitisraining.下列名詞性從句中的that是否可以省略。1.ItwasreportedthatthefootballteamwaswarmlyreceivedbytheQueen.2.Idon’tbelievethathehaseverreadanyofShakespeare’sworksorthathehaseverheardofhim.3.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.that/(that)1.Idon’tthink_____sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity____hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis____heiscareless.4.Thenews_____ourteamwonthematchinspir