英語分詞的用法解析教案資料

英語分詞的用法解析3.作賓語補足語2.作定語4.作狀語

1.作表語分詞在句中可作的成分P59依次分析每句話中，分詞作什么成分：定語原因狀語定語賓補伴隨狀語原因狀語I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes（定語）

1.位置:

單個分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

2.作用---相當于一個定語從句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.考點：分詞的進行式表示動作正在進行

試比較：Theproblemdiscussedyesterday

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.（表示完成）2.Theproblembeingdiscussednow

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示正在進行）三級鏈接Thenewairpot(build)_________nowis30milesawayfromthecityandismuchlargerthanoldone.答案：beingbuilt.空格處需用現在分詞的被動語態(tài)來表示被動和正在進行的動作，且在句中作定語，修飾先行詞airport.2.TheOlympicGames,_______in776B.C.,didnotinludewomenplayersuntil1912.playsB.toplayC.playingD.played答案：D。本題考查非謂語動詞。分詞短語做后置定語，與所修飾的詞有被動或動賓的關系，只能用過去分詞?？键c：現在分詞通常用來修飾物；過去分詞通常用來修飾人或與人感情色彩、面部表情相關的詞。

aninterestingstory;asurprisedlookanexciting

footballmatch;agroupofexcited

footballfansashocking

news;ashocked

face常見的這類此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worriedII.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表語）1.過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，

其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：現在分詞：主語的特征或性質，“令人…”，有主動意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過去分詞：主語的感受，“感到…”，有被動意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.

三級鏈接

Shelooked_______(tire)withcooking.答案：tired,過去分詞修飾人物?！八捎诿χ鲲垼瓷先ビ行┢＞搿?。2.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed答案:A.此題中的“got+separated”表示狀態(tài)，separated為過去分詞作表語?！癵et/beseparated”常與from連用，故答案為A.III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement

(賓語補足語)1.表“希望，要求”的動詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語)+p.p3.使役動詞和類似使役動詞的動詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.+p.p考點：過去分詞,不定式,現在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別。三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關系，但過去分詞強調他們之間的被動關系，不帶to的不定式強調動作發(fā)生的全過程，現在分詞強調他們之間的主動關系，正在進行。試比較：Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.（強調看見進入教室這個動作的全過程）Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.（強調看見進入教室這個動作正在發(fā)生的瞬間。）Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.（強調動作take和主語her之間的被動關系。）三級鏈接1.Wesawthethief________(catch)bythepolice.答案：caught.2.Peoplefoundthewater________.（pollute）答案：polluted3.Haveyouheardapopsong________（sing）inJapanese?答案：sung4.Hehadhiswatch__________(repair).答案：repaired.4.with/without＋賓語＋賓補(過去分詞)當這一動詞（及物動詞）和with后的賓語在邏輯上是被動關系，而且該動作已經發(fā)生過了，動詞必須用過去分詞。Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?你看見那個扎辮子的男人沒？2.Thefellowstoodtherewithhishandscrossed.這個家伙兩手交叉，站在那里。3.Thepeasantshaveagoodharvestwithallthecropsgotin.莊稼都收割了，農民們有了一個好收成。4.Withthehomeworkfinished,Iwenttobed.做完作業(yè)，我就上床睡覺了。三級鏈接Thepolicemankepthiseyes____onthescreenofthecomputertoidentifythecriminal’sfootprints.(2006年12月真題)A.fixedB.fixingC.beingfixedD.tofix答案：A。本題考查分詞做賓補，eyes和

fix之間是被動關系，故選A。IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當于狀語從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過去分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過去分詞作條件狀語相當于條件狀語從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過去分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過去分詞作讓步狀語相當于讓步狀語從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時可以轉換為一個并列的謂語成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對應的連詞when,as,if等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結構相當于一個省略句,省略的部分為主語+be的相應變化形式.注意：1）現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當有人夜里來訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。_____________________________(寫完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看，我們能看到一個美麗的公園。從山頂看，公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；beinterestedin；bedevotedto；besupposedto；becaughtintherain；beseatedin；bepreparedfor；bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結構表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有：generallyspeaking一般說來,Given鑒于,judgingfrom/by根據…來看,固定用法：Considering考慮到,supposingthat假如,talkingof說到,seeing(that)鑒于，由于三級鏈接Theresearchgrouphassubmittedareport,(suggest)________reformstobemade.(2007年6月真題)答案：suggesting.分詞在句中作狀語，句中suggest和theresearchgroup之間是主謂關系，故用現在分詞suggesting.2.__________tofindtheproperjob,hedecidedtogiveupjob-huntinginthiscity.（2006年12月真題）A.FailedB.BeingfailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed答案：D。首先fail和主句主語he一致，兩者之間是主謂關系，故要選擇現在分詞。其次fail這個動作發(fā)生在主句動作decide之前，故選擇現在分詞的完成式havingfailed.ExercisesP60DBBCAC鞏固練習1.__________withthebeststudents,Istillhavealongwaytogo.

A.HavingcomparedB.Tocompare

C.ComparedD.Compare2.Themusicofthefilm_________byhimsoundsso___________.

A.playing,excitingB.played,excited

C.playing,excitedD.played,exciting3.__________againstthecominghurricane,theydarednotleavehome.A.WarnedB.HavingwarnedC.TowarnD.Havingbeenwarned4.In__________countries,youcan’talwaysmakeyourself_______byspeakingEnglish.

A.English-speaking,understandB.English-spoken,understandC.English-speaking,understoodD.English-spoken,understood5.After_____________theoldman,thedoctorsuggestedthathe___________abadcold.A.examining,shouldcatchB.examined,hadcaughtC.examining,hadcaughtD.examined,catch6._____________,Tomjumpedintotheriverandhadagoodtimeinit.A.BeagoodswimmerB.BeingagoodswimmerC.HavingbeengoodswimmerD.Tobeagoodswimmer7.________howtoreadthenewwords,Ioftenlookthemupinthedictionary.

A.HavingnotknownB.NottoknowC.Don’tknowD.Notknowing答案:1.C2.D3.D4.C5.C6.B7.DThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand;understoodC.tounderstand;understandD.understand;tobeunderstood8.Hefoundthem____atatable_____A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblow