高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)詞義猜測題解題技巧

ClassFiveWelcometoourwarmfamily！Let’shaveadictation:1remindsbofsth,2concentrateon,losesightof,focuson,5takeiteasy,6contribution,7absorb,8vocabulary.Whatdoyoumeanbythethreewords?contribution:1somethingthatyougiveordoinordertohelpsomethingbesuccessful2anamountofmoneythatyougiveinordertohelppayforsomething3apension4theactofgivingmoney,time,helpetc.absorb:1taketheliquidintoitself2toreadorhearalargeamountofinformationandunderstandit3tointerestsomeoneverymuchvocabulary:

1allthewordsthatsomeoneknows,learns,oruses2thewordsthataretypicallyusedwhentalkingaboutaparticularsubject.

3allthewordsinaparticularlanguage根據(jù)大綱的要求，考生必須要掌握3500左右的詞匯;剛出臺的新大綱規(guī)定今年的高考英語試題新增加240多個生詞，廣東省高考增加了95個詞，這無疑加大了試題的難度，特別是閱讀理解題中生詞出現(xiàn)率就更大了，可以推斷出根據(jù)上下文猜測新詞的意義的題目要求就更高了。Thelatestnews:Now,let’scometotheguessingofnewwordsinthepassage.Question:Howisthiskindofquestionoftendesigned?

Theword“…”inparagraph…canbestbereplacedby…….Theunderlinedword“…”mostprobablymeans….Bysaying“…”,theauthormeans…Theexpression“…”isclosestto…Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…Theunderlinedpart“……”(inPara.…)means…這種題常見的提問方式有：Themosteffectivewaytofindoutthemeaningofthewordinthecontext:一、根據(jù)上下文情景進行猜測1.(2004年全國卷I,B篇)[原文]Soshemadeiteasy,placingcupsinroomswherestudentscouldleavetheirsparecoins,andhandingoutcupstofirst-yearstudentstokeepintheirrooms.Her"ChangeforChange"efforthascollected$40,000forcharities(慈善機構(gòu)),whichweredecideduponbystudents.62.Theunderlinedword“change"inthesecondparagraphmeans_______.

A.IdeaB.DecisionC.CupsD.Coins根據(jù)上文她把杯子放在學(xué)生宿舍里收集硬幣,以及下文中談到已經(jīng)為慈善機構(gòu)募集到了$40,000可知,Change應(yīng)是Coins(硬幣).Explanation:二、根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測

2(2004年全國卷III,C篇)[原文]Thepresidenthasstartedusinglook-alikesduringsomepublicappearances.Daveisofferedachanceto"servehiscountry"bybecomingone.65.Theunderlinedword"one"inthe3rdparagraphrefersto________.

A.thePresidentB.thedirector

C.anactorD.alook-alike根據(jù)前文總統(tǒng)開始在公共場合使用替身(look-alikes),后來Dave有機會成為了其中的一員可以猜測出one應(yīng)該是alook-alike.Explanation:三、根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進行猜測

3(2004年重慶卷,C篇)[原文]Andifyou'vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(氣氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwithordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoy66.Theunderlinedword"conflict"inthesecondlettermeans________.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling由破折號后的or可知,前后兩句的意思相近,再結(jié)合兩封信的內(nèi)容可知,她不想失去或破壞這個友好氛圍,否則就又讓她回到以前的"沖突"中。Explanation:四、根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測

4(2004年上海卷,C篇)[原文]Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem--aformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.

82.Theword"favouitism"inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.

A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobs

B.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobs

C.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarkets

D.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess破折號后的句子是對前面進行解釋說明的,二者是同位關(guān)系,因此,要猜測favoritism的意思,可從前面句子的意思入手。

Explanation:五、根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測5(NMET2002,E篇)[原文]Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

通過上下句Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.可以看出,hassle和abasketoffun肯定是近乎相反的意義。Explanation:Now,let’scometomorepractice!1Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans______.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement

2WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymeans_____.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon

3Varietyofactivitywasalsoseenasawayofmaintainingorincreasingmotivation.Severalyearsagowehadonetimetablethatoperatedthroughout,butwesoonfoundthatboththestudentsandtheteacherslostinterestbyabouthalfwaythroughthetenweeks.Thisledustoamajorre-think,sofinallywebroughtitintolinewiththeexpressedlanguageneedsofthestudents.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto“____”.Are-thinkB.activityC.motivationD.timetable

4Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”

Theyunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection5EyeforaneyeWilliamIanMillerAnalyzingthelawofthetalionaneyeforaneye,atoothforatoothWilliamIanMillerpresentsanoriginalthinkingovertheconceptof“payback”.WilliamIanMillerhaswrittenamarvelousbookthatfoundabsolutelyattractive.Theyword“talion”inintroducingthebookEyeforanEyeisprobablyaconceptof____.AmedicineB.tradeC.avengingD.striving6Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouaretryingtolickmetodeath.”

Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”inthethirdparagraph?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Foreignandunusual.

7Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Agrownlioncaneasilyeat60poundsofmeatatasinglefeeding.Oftentheyeatuntilitseemspainfulforthemtoliedown.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”inthefirstparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions