高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比及練習(xí)正稿

11種時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)(以do為例)被動(dòng)主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)正要做某事,不能與明確表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用打算做某事按計(jì)劃或安排某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的事過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)詞，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去就開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作表過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段一直在做的事do/doesdidwill/shalldobeabouttobegoingtobetowoulddoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoinghave/hasdonehaddonehave/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingbe(am/is/are)+donebe(was/were)+donewillbedonebe(am/is/are)abouttobedonebe(am/is/are)goingtobedonebe(am/is/are)tobedonewouldbedonebe(am/is/are)beingdonebe(was/were)beingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)基本概念一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例題1

You’redrinkingtoomuch.

Onlyathome.Noone___mebutyou.

A.isseeing

B.hasseen

C.sees

D.saw主要表示目前的特征或狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、客觀存在及普遍真理等。例題2.

Iboughtaradiohereyesterday,butit______work.

A.didn’t

B.doesn’t

C.won’t

D.can’t

Theteachersaidthatthesun________intheeast.A.roseB.raisesC.risesD.isrising

1.

I______(tell)himwhenhe_____(come)back.

2.

We_____(go)outifwe____(be)freetomorrow.

3.

Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit________(stop).4.

Pleasetellmeassoonasyou_________(finish)it.

在以when，until(till)，assoonas，bythetime，after，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或以if，unless，once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句以及以nomatterwhen，however，evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

willtellcomeswillgoarehasstoppedhavefinished但如強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本概念:指目前(一點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)間)/過(guò)去(一點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)間)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretary_______.

A.justhelpout;comes

B.havejusthelpedout;willcome

C.amjusthelpingout;comes

D.willjusthelpout;has指目前一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,動(dòng)詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2.

Whenshallweleave?

AssoonasI______whatI_______.

A.willfinish;do

B.havefinished,amdoing

C.finish,willdo

D.finish,do

3.Atthattimehe_____inthelibrary.

worked

B.hadworked

C.wasworking

D.wouldwork

assoonas從句前省略了主句,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)將來(lái)的結(jié)果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);whatIamdong指目前正在做的事wasworking指atthattime正在發(fā)生的行為4.Thestudents____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe____intheoffice.

A.wereworking;hadleft

B.worked;left

C.hadworked;left

D.wereworking;wouldleave

5.Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!

Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.

A.I’mnotnoticing.

B.Iwasn’tnoticing.

C.Ihaven’tnoticed.

D.Idon’tnotice.

E.Ididn’tnotice.

F.Iwon’tnotice對(duì)話的后者顯然是在解釋剛才不小心冒犯對(duì)方時(shí)正在做的事情一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1）will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱強(qiáng)調(diào)臨時(shí)的計(jì)劃例如：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2）begoingto+不定式，表示將來(lái)。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.主觀打算或計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：Iamgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3）be+不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃，約定，安排將發(fā)生的事（常表示客觀安排或受人指示而做的事，句子的主語(yǔ)通常不是安排的做出者。）也表示命令、禁止或可能性。例如：WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4）beaboutto+不定式，意為正打算做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.beabouttodosth.when…didsth.(正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……)Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.【例—Maryisinhospital.—Oh，really？Ididn’tknow.I________visither.A.amgoingtoB.willC.amtoD.amaboutto【例—Maryisinhospital.—Yes，Iknow.I________visithertomorrow.A.amgoingtoB.willC.amtoD.amabouttoTheteachersaid，“Alltheexercises________behandedinontime.”A.willB.aretoC.areabouttoD.aregoingto一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

例句：1.Whoputforwardthesuggestion?

2.Whendidheleave?

3.Sheoftencametohelpus.

4.Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy.以上各句中用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，說(shuō)話的人是強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

5.Howmanypageshaveyoucoveredtoday?

6.Ihaven’tseenhimformanydays.

7.I’vealwayswalkedtowork.

8.Thestudentshavealreadyleft.

9.Thecityhastakenonanewlook.10.Thankyou.I’vehadmysupper.以上各句用的都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可以看出，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)一樣，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作也是發(fā)生在過(guò)去（說(shuō)話以前），但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：

1）動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到說(shuō)話這一時(shí)刻（例57）

2）過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)狀有某種影響（例810），說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在如何。

注意:在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第一種用法中，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用for…;since…短語(yǔ)，in

thepastfewyears，bynow，uptonow，sofar，already，yet，since，forfiveyears，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，thisweek(month，year)，manytimes，just等。

e.g.Wehaven’tseeneachotherformanyyears./sinceheleft10yearsago.

此時(shí)（主句）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：

*Hehaslefthomeformanyyears.（）*Hehasbeenawayfromhomeformanyyears.()

*Hehasdiedsince1990.

（）

*Hehasbeendeadsince1990.()誤誤正正1.Where__you__(put)thebook?

Ican’tseeitanywhere.

I___(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.

A.did;put;put

B.have;put;put

C.did;put;haveput

D.have;put;haveput

2.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?

A.washappening

B.happens

C.hashappened

D.happened

兩種時(shí)態(tài)的比較練習(xí):3.Hello,I____youwereinLondon.Howlong_____here?

A.don’tknow;wereyou

B.hadn’tknown;areyou

C.haven’tknown;areD.didn’tknow;haveyoubeen

4.I’mgladtotellyouthatwe_____theworkinlesstimethanwe_____expectedto.

A.finished;were

B.havefinished;are

C.havefinished;were

D.hadfinished;were

5.It_____thatpleasantmusickeepspeoplefrombecomingtiredattheirwork.

A.finds

B.hasfound

C.wasfound

D.hasbeenfound

6.WhenIwasatcollegeI_______threeforeignlanguagebutI________allexceptafewwordsofeach.

A.spoke;hadforgotten

B.spoke;haveforgotten

C.hadspoken;hadforgotten

D.hadspoken;haveforgotten

四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

I’vebeensittinghereallafternoon.

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且目前還在進(jìn)行,可能還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)。如：I’vebeenwritinganarticle.(還在寫)

I’vewrittenanarticle.(已完成)練習(xí)：

1.Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.

“

Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.

A.painted

B.hadpainted

C.havebeenpainting

D.havepainted

2.

Haveyouhadanylettersfromhim?

No,Ihaven’t,butmywife_____himregularly.

A.hasheardfrom

B.hasbeenhearingfrom

C.hadheardfrom

D.hears

They________friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned

—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20？

—Sorry，I________myselfclear.Wewanttoreturn

onOctober20.(2010·北京)

A.hadn’tmadeB.wouldn’tmake

C.don’tmakeD.haven’tmade

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)“hadbeendoing”表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(可算是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的過(guò)去式)：Thegroundwaswet.Ithadbeenraining.地是濕的。此前一直在下雨。Atlastthebuscame.Ihadbeenwaitingforhalfanhour.最后公共汽車來(lái)了，我已等了半小時(shí)。Shewasoutofbreath.Shehadbeenrunning.她氣喘吁吁，她一直在跑來(lái)著。Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.He’dbeensmokingfortwentyyears.去年他戒煙了。他抽煙已經(jīng)二十年。

1.He________thedoorandafterthathehadadrinkatasmallcafe.A.waspainting

B.haspainted

C.hadbeenpaintingD.hasbeenpainting2.DavidandSusandidn’tgiveintoeachother,sothey___thewholetimetheyweretogether.havequarrelledB.werequarrellingC.hadquarrelledD.hadbeenquarrelling一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)比較下列句子：

Iwrotealetteryesterday.（信寫完了）Iwaswritingaletteryesterday.（一直在寫信，不一定寫完了）Iwaswritingaletterwhenhecamein.(他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我正在寫)

從以上例句可以看出，一般過(guò)去時(shí)常常用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)有結(jié)果的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生2）動(dòng)作在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在發(fā)生，無(wú)論哪一種情況都不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;

hasfinished

B.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinished

D.wrote;willfinish2.Tom________intothehousewhennoone_____.

A.slipped;wasnoticing