Unit 3 Career and skills 知識點教案-高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第四冊

選擇性必修四Unit3Careerandskills知識點教案Teachingobjectives1.知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.技能目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本運用3.情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠更有信心學(xué)習(xí)英語Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義Teachingprocedures：I.短語背誦oneofthemostfrequentlyaskedquestions最常被問到的問題之一notleast特別，尤其enablesb.todosth.使某人能夠做某事befinanciallyindependent經(jīng)濟(jì)獨立jointhelabourforce加入勞動大軍itcouldbearguedthat...可以說……begearedtoward...旨在；適合……preparesb.forsth.使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備earnaliving(=makealiving)謀生bynomeans絕不，一點也不attainone'sgoal達(dá)成目標(biāo)achieveone'sdream實現(xiàn)夢想inthedirectionof朝……的方向endeavortodosth.努力做某事meetwith遭遇;獲得incommonhours在平常的時刻one'spassionfor..某人對……的熱愛beengagedinsth.忙于……，從事于……befondof喜愛givesb.agreatsenseofachievement/satisfaction給某人一種巨大的成就感/滿足感develop/practise/acquireaskill發(fā)展/練習(xí)/獲得技能provideroomforpersonalgrowth為個人成長提供空間excelinsth..在……方面出類拔萃，擅長……keepup(with)跟上，(與……)并駕齊驅(qū)affordtodosth.承擔(dān)得起做某事besatisfiedwith對……滿意besatisfiedwiththestatusquo滿足于現(xiàn)狀adapt(oneself)to(使自己)適應(yīng)……bereadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備好做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事addtooursenseofachievement增加我們的成就感contributeto促成，造成atthemostbasiclevel在最基本的層面上functionproperly正常運轉(zhuǎn)besuperiorto優(yōu)于……h(huán)aveprejudiceagainst對……有偏見makecontributions做貢獻(xiàn)choosetodosth.選擇做某事stepoutofone'scomfortzone走出某人的舒適區(qū)commitoneselftodoingsth.致力于做某事workforthebenefitofothers為他人的利益而工作bedevotedtodoingsth.致力于做某事bringsuccessto為……帶來成功layout鋪開，展開beworthdoing值得做makealifeforsb.為某人創(chuàng)造生活takepridein為……感到自豪beessentialfor/to對……必不可少asawhole作為一個整體,總體上accordingto根據(jù)，按照belikelytodosth.可能做某事itseemsthat..似乎……beabouttodosth.即將做某事resultin造成，導(dǎo)致placeemphasisonsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)/重視某事takeadvantageof利用meetaneed滿足需要attachimportanceto重視……，認(rèn)為……很重要asaresult因此,結(jié)果interactwith與……互動sharpenourabilitytoadapt提高我們的適應(yīng)能大onthewhole總的說來，大體上，基本上ingeneral總的說來，從總體上看II.知識梳理1.Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.有人可能會說，我們工作是因為我們必須工作，尤其是因為我們需要薪水來實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨立。notleast尤其，特別Thisapplies,notleast,todogs.這尤其適用于狗?！粽Z塊積累atleast至少，不少于lastbutnotleast最后但同等重要的是notintheleast一點也不；絲毫不Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.我叔叔沒能戒煙，但至少他減少了吸煙的量。◆完成句子①Indeed,ittendstogrow,__________(尤其)becauseemployeesarekeen.②Really,I'm__________(一點也不)tired.③Thegrassneedstobecut__________(至少)onceaweekinsummer.④__________(最后但同等重要的是),I'dliketothankallthecateringstaff.salaryn.薪金，薪水Iwouldn'tworkforthemeveniftheypaidmetwicemycurrentsalary.即使他們給我兩倍于現(xiàn)在的薪水，我也不會為他們工作?！粽Z塊積累anannualsalaryof￡40,00040000英鎊的年薪netmonthlysalary凈月薪atenpercentsalaryincrease加薪10%onquiteagood/decentsalary薪水相當(dāng)豐厚ona/onesmallsalary薪水微薄takeadropinsalary接受較低薪水◆詞語辨析:salary,pay與wage三者都可用作名詞，都可譯為“工資，薪水”。salary一般指機(jī)關(guān)單位官員、職員和管理人員的薪金，一般按年計算，分月或半月發(fā)放。Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoincreasesalariesforallpublicservants.政府已決定給所有公務(wù)員加薪。pay指不論工作性質(zhì)如何，針對勞動所支付的報酬，它包含salary和wage(s)，為不可數(shù)名詞。Hedoesn'tlikethejob，butthepayisgood.他不喜歡那份工作，但薪水不錯。wage一般指工人或服務(wù)人員等體力勞動者的工資或工錢，通常按周、日、小時計算發(fā)放。Heworksatawageof10dollarsaweek.他以每周10美元的工資工作?！魡尉湔Z法填空⑤Toherrelief,sheretiredat50_________afullsalary.⑥It'snotbyanymeans_________brilliantsalarybutit'sadequateforourneeds.2.Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.的確，我們中的大多數(shù)人一完成學(xué)業(yè)就加入了勞動大軍。labourn.勞工；勞動，(尤指)體力勞動；分娩期，分娩vi努力做；干苦力活(1)Thepricewillincludethelabourandmaterials.此價格中將包含人工費和材料費。(2)Janewasinlabourfortwohours.簡分娩花了兩個小時。(3)Hewasinhisstudylabouringawayoversomeoldpapers.他在書房里潛心研究一些舊材料?！粽Z塊積累(1)LabourDay勞工節(jié)manual/mentallabour體力/腦力勞動fruitsofone'slabours勞動成果labourforce(全公司或全國的)勞動力Hesaysthereductionofthelabourforcecouldbesignificant.他說勞動力的縮減可能是顯著的。(2)labourpains分娩時的陣痛gointolabour開始分娩inlabour分娩中l(wèi)abourtodosth.努力做某事askilled/anunskilledlabourforce熟練/非熟練工人◆單句語法填空①Thecarpartsthemselvesarenotexpensive;it's________labourthatcoststhemoney.②Shewent________labourattwelveo'clocklastnight.③HetravelledaroundEurope________(labour)topayhisway.④Threehoursaftertheexplosion,rescueteamswerestilllabouring________(free)thosetrapped.⑤Morethan2,000workers________(labour)nearly22yearstocompletetheconstruction.3However,earningalivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework...然而，謀生絕不是我們工作的唯一原因…….earnaliving謀生Youcan'texpecttoearnaliving(=bepaidenoughmoneytoliveon)fromyourpainting.你不能指望靠畫畫來維持生計?！粽Z塊積累makealiving謀生，度日earn/makeone'sliving謀生，度日◆完成句子Onlandwithrichsoil,localfarmerscangrowcrops__________(謀生).4.Throughtheworkwedo,ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.通過我們所做的工作，我們的目標(biāo)可以達(dá)成，我們的夢想可以實現(xiàn)。◆句式分析本句是并列句，第二個分句中dreams后面承前省略了部分謂語：情態(tài)動詞can和助動詞be。省略(1)句中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息或前文已出現(xiàn)過某些成分，為了避免不必要的重復(fù)，可省略某些成分，這樣既不會引起言語上的誤解，又可突出中心詞，從而使句與句之間連接更緊密，這種語法現(xiàn)象就是省略。(2)并列句的省略是最常見的，一般說來，在后一并列分句中凡是與上文相同的成分通常都會被省略。Tosomesmileisveryeasy,andtoothers(smileis)sohard.對一些人來說微笑很容易，而對另一些人(微笑)卻很難。(3)主語的省略。(I)Begyourpardon.(我)請你原諒。(You)Comeon!得了吧(你)!見到你很高興。(4)表語的省略。Shewasaloverofsportsasshehadbeen(aloverofsports)inheryouth.她和年輕時一樣，是個體育愛好者。(5)賓語的省略。Let'sdothecases.I'llread(thecases)andyou'lltype(thecases).我們來做這些案例吧。我來讀，你來打字。(6)在以if,when,though,as,asif等連詞(詞組)引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若從句主語和主句主語一致，并且謂語含有be動詞，或者從句中含有itis/was，可以省略主語和be動詞或者itis/was。Heisverygoodatdancing,though(heis)veryold.他雖然年紀(jì)很大，但跳舞跳得很好。(7)“so/nor/either+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/連系動詞be+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)中也省略跟上文重復(fù)的成分。用來表示“……也一樣/也不”時的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。-Iamastudent.我是個學(xué)生。-SoamI(astudent).我也是。-Wehaven'tbeenthere.我們從來沒去過那里。-Neither/Norhavewe(beenthere).我們也沒。(8)不定式的省略。Herjobistotakecareoftheeldersand(to)washtheirclothes.她的工作是照顧老人和給他們洗衣服。(9)介詞(或介詞短語)的省略。Wespentalargesumofmoney(in)buildingthemansion.我們花了一大筆錢建造這座宅第?！粞a(bǔ)充下列句子中省略的成分①Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn't(___________).②Shewon'tcomeunless(_________)invited.③I'llaskKatetohelpyouif(_________)necessary.④Thedoctorwasworriedwhenhefoundthepatientwashavingdifficulty(_________)breathing.⑤Pleasepaintthesideofthisboardredand(__________)theotherside(_________)white.attainvt.獲得；達(dá)到(→attainableadj.能實現(xiàn)的，可獲得的attainmentn.獲得，達(dá)到)Atthatmoment,thecarattainedaspeedofupto138kph.在那一刻,汽車達(dá)到了每小時138千米的速度?！粽Z塊積累attainonesobjective/goal達(dá)到目標(biāo)attainindependence獲得獨立attainknowledge獲得知識attainpositionsofpower獲得要職attainthisstandard達(dá)到這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)attainone'sidealweight達(dá)到理想的體重◆詞語辨析:attain,obtain,gain與acquireattain為正式用詞，多用于正式場合，主要指通過努力達(dá)到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.她實現(xiàn)了成為一名飛行員的志向。obtain常用詞，側(cè)重“獲得、取得”，多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。WherecanIobtainthebook?我在哪里能買到這本書？gain側(cè)重“贏得”，常指得到某種利益，強(qiáng)調(diào)贏得某種好處、利益;多指付出極大努力后獲得或贏得給自己帶來優(yōu)勢的東西，如某種利益、好處、經(jīng)驗等。Themangainedalotinthebusiness,buthelosttherespectofhisfriends.那個人做這買賣賺了很多錢，但他卻失去了朋友們對他的尊敬。acquire多指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習(xí)慣等，也可用于對財物等的獲得，該詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“一經(jīng)獲得就會長期持有”ShehasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish.她英語已經(jīng)學(xué)得很好?！魡尉湔Z法填空⑥Totheteacher'sgreatjoy,mostofourstudents________(attain)fiveAgradesintheirexamslastweek.⑦Fewpeoplecouldeverhope________(attain)anacceptablestandardofliving.5.YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina'sfirstastronautinspace.以楊利偉為例，出于對飛行的熱愛，他成了一名飛行員，然后成了中國第一位進(jìn)入太空的航天員。passionn.酷愛；強(qiáng)烈情感(1)He'samanofviolentpassions他是個性情暴烈的人。(2)TheEnglishhaveapassionforgardens.英格蘭人酷愛花園。◆語塊積累withgreatpassion以極大的熱情;充滿激情地befullofpassioninone'slife生活中充滿激情haveapassionfor對……有強(qiáng)烈的愛好；酷愛◆單句語法填空①Mydaughterhasanattractivecharacter,andsheoftenhelpsmetodohousework________greatpassion.②Peopleherearefull__________passionandbecauseofthis,IgettolikeEnglish.③ItwaswhenshefirstarrivedinChinathatshedevelopedapassion________paper-cutting.6.Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof...無論我們的興趣在哪里，無論我們的職業(yè)選擇是什么，工作讓我們有機(jī)會從事我們喜歡的事情……◆句式分析本句是復(fù)合句，where...lie和whatever...mightbe是兩個讓步狀語從句。wherever/whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(1)wherever和whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，意思分別是“無論哪里”“無論什么”，wherever相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere,whatever相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat,有時whatever在從句中作定語，后面接名詞。I'dliketojoinmychildren,wherevertheyare.我想和我的孩子們團(tuán)聚，不管他們在哪里。(2)whatever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意思是“任何東西”。whatever也可以在從句中作定語，后面接名詞，相當(dāng)于“any+n.+that.."。Dowhateveryoulike.你喜歡做什么就做什么。(賓語從句)(3)wherever還可以引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，意思是“在任何地方”Somepeopleenjoythemselveswherevertheyare.有些人在哪里都很開心(4)其他引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的-ever連詞還有：whoever/whomever=nomatterwho/whom無論誰，whichever-nomatterwhich無論哪一個，however=nomatterhow無論多么，無論如何，whenever=nomatterwhen無論何時。其中，however后面常接形容詞或副詞Whoeveryouare/Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.不管你是誰，你必須要遵紀(jì)守法?！敉瓿删渥英賍_______________________(無論他走到哪里)，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseehim.②________________________(無論我們遇到什么困難)，weshallfinishtheworkonschedule.③I'lleat________________________(你給我的任何東西).④________________________(無分論這水看上去多么純凈)，Idonotwanttodrinkit.⑤IwanttomarrythemanIlove,________________________(不管他可能會是誰).fondadj.喜愛;喜歡;深情的，溫情的(→fondnessn.喜愛)(1)Overtheyears,Ihavegrownquitefondofher.經(jīng)過這么多年，我已相當(dāng)喜歡她了。(2)IhaveveryfondmemoriesofmytimeinBeijing(=Irememberitwithaffectionandpleasure).我十分懷念從前在北京的時光。(3)I'vealwayshadafondnessforchocolatecake.我一直對巧克力蛋糕情有獨鐘?！粽Z塊積累befondof喜愛befondofmusic/cooking喜好音樂/烹飪growfondof浙漸喜歡上(通過接觸某一事物后慢慢產(chǎn)生了喜好)afondlook/embrace慈愛的目光/溫情的擁抱afondnessforanimals喜愛動物He'srathertoofondofthesoundofhisownvoice(=hetalkstoomuch).他太愛講話了?！魡尉湔Z法填空⑥I'mfond________Englishanddowellinbothspeakandwriting.⑦M(jìn)ybrotherisfondof__________(point)oumistakes,andthat'swhyIdon'tlikehim.⑧Youneedn'thavetoldmethat,forGeorge's__________(fond)forfishingwaswellknown....anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow.……而且也難以預(yù)料二十年后將會出現(xiàn)的新職位。anticipatevt.預(yù)料；預(yù)計；期盼，期望(→anticipationn.預(yù)計，預(yù)料；期盼，期望)(1)Weneedsomeonewhocananticipateandrespondtochangesinthefashionindustry.我們需要一個能預(yù)見時裝業(yè)變化并做相應(yīng)安排的人。(2)Wedon'tanticipateanymajorproblems.我們預(yù)料不會發(fā)生什么大問題。(3)Weeagerlyanticipatedthedaywewouldleaveschool.我們迫切地期盼著畢業(yè)離校的那一天。(4)Heboughtextrafoodinanticipationofmorepeoplecomingthanhe'dinvited.他預(yù)料來的客人會比邀請的多，就多買了食物?！粽Z塊積累anticipatetheresultof預(yù)期……的結(jié)果anticipatedoingsth.預(yù)期做某事Itisanticipatedthat...預(yù)計……inanticipationof預(yù)料……h(huán)appy/eager/excitedanticipation愉快的/殷切的/激動的期盼單句語法填空①Weshouldnotonlyfocusonsolvingtheimmediateproblemsoftodaybutalsoontryingtosolvethe________(anticipate)problemsofthefuture.②Wethoughttheconcertintheparkwouldbepopularbutwedidn'tanticipatesomanypeople_________(turn)up.③It_________(anticipate)thathersadmoodcanlastforaratherlongtime.④She'sevendecoratedthespareroominanticipation__________yourvisit....alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.……所有的工作都同等重要，沒有哪一份工作優(yōu)于別的工作，因此我們對任何一份工作都不應(yīng)該抱有偏見。superioradj.更好的，占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別、重要性或職位上)更高的n.級別(或地位、職位)更高的人(1)Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.這一款式在技術(shù)上超過了與之競爭的產(chǎn)品。(2)Thesoldierwasreportedtohissuperiorofficerforfailinginhisduties.這個士兵因失職之事被報告到了他的上級那里。(3)He'smyimmediatesuperior(=thepersondirectlyaboveme).他是我的頂頭上司?！粽Z塊積累(1)besuperiorto優(yōu)于……，比……地位高vastlysuperior強(qiáng)得多superiorintelligence更強(qiáng)的智力withasuperiorair態(tài)度傲慢地besuperiorinnumbers在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(2)mysuperiorofficer我的上級軍官superiorstatus更高的地位asuperiorcourtoflaw上級法院superiorapartments高級公寓套房(3)yoursocialsuperiors社會地位比自己高的人◆說明不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念的類似短語還有：beinferiorto不如……，次于……beseniorto比……年長/地位高bejuniorto比……年輕/地位低bepriorto在……之前，先于◆單句語法填空①Shewaschosenforthejobbecauseshewassuperior________theothercandidates.②She'ssenior_________me,soIhavetodowhatshetellsme.prejudicen.偏見，成見Theirdecisionwasbasedonignoranceandprejudice.他們的決定是基于無知和偏見?！粽Z塊積累racialprejudice種族偏見befreefromprejudice毫無偏見have(a)prejudiceagainst對……有偏見◆單句語法填空③Ihopethewidespreadprejudice_________workersover45willdisappearsoon.④Nowthatheisamanfree________prejudice,lethimmakethedecision....allmakeourrespectivecontributions.……我們都做出了各自的貢獻(xiàn)。respectiveadj.分別的，各自的(→respectivelyadv.分別，各自)(1)Theychattedabouttheirrespectivechildhoods.他們聊起了各自的童年。(2)Theirsonswerethreeandsixrespectively.他們的兒子分別是3歲和6歲?！粽Z塊積累therespectiverolesofmenandwomeninsociety男女在社會中各自的角色intheirrespectivefields/careers在他們各自的領(lǐng)域/事業(yè)中◆單句語法填空ItwasagreatsurprisethatmyhusbandandIgotpayrisesof8%and10%____________(respective).10.Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.此外，有些人選擇走出自己的舒適區(qū)，致力于為他人的利益而工作。zonen.地區(qū)；區(qū)域Manybuildingsintheearthquakezoneweredestroyed.地震災(zāi)區(qū)的許多建筑物被毀壞了?！粽Z塊積累comfortzone舒適區(qū)，放松區(qū)awar/securityzone戰(zhàn)區(qū)/安全區(qū)anearthquake/adangerzone地震帶/危險地帶apedestrianzone(=wherevehiclesmaynotgo)步行區(qū)atimezone時區(qū)anuclear-freezone無核區(qū)economicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)◆單句語法填空Hehadnoideathatinsidethese_________(zone)trafficspeedsarerestrictedto20mph.11.Currently;aheavyfocusisputontrainingin“hardskills”,suchasmachineoperatingandsoftwareprogramming.目前，重點放在“硬技能”培訓(xùn)上，如機(jī)器操作和軟件編程。operatevt操作，使運行；經(jīng)營，管理；使用vi運轉(zhuǎn)，工作；經(jīng)營，營業(yè)；起作用，產(chǎn)生影響；動手術(shù)(→operationn.運行，操作;經(jīng)營,運營;手術(shù);行動,活動operatorn.電話員;操作員;經(jīng)營者)(1)Doesthecompanyoperateapensionscheme?這家公司實行養(yǎng)老金制度嗎?(2)Subwayrainsoperate24hoursadayinNewYork.紐約的地鐵24小時不間斷運行。(3)Thesystemhasbeeninoperationforsixmonths.這個系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)運行六個月了?！粽Z塊積累(1)operateacomputer操作計算機(jī)operateafarm經(jīng)營農(nóng)場operatewell運轉(zhuǎn)良好operateon...給……做手術(shù)(2)inoperation工作中;使用中;有效comeintooperation開始工作，開始生效ooperation實施;使...運..轉(zhuǎn)asecurityoperation安全行動athree-hourheartoperation三個小時的心臟手術(shù)◆單句語法填空①Whatskillsareneeded__________(operate)thismachineisunknowntohim.②_________(operate)moreefficiently,thedepartmentisintroducingchanges.③Shewantedtoworkinahospitaltheretolearnhowtooperate_________patients.④Theworkmanhadafingercutoffbythemachinehe________(operate)then.⑤Heisrecoveringfrom________operationonhisshoulder.⑥Thepolicehavelaunchedamajor__________(operate)againstdrugsuppliers.12.However,inthefuture,employerswilllooktohirepeoplewhoarereadyandabletolearn.然而，在未來，雇主會希望雇用那些準(zhǔn)備好并有能力學(xué)習(xí)的人。hirev&vi聘用，雇用;租用n.新雇員;租借(1)Shewashiredthreeyearsago.她是三年前錄用的。(2)Howmuchwoulditcosttohireacarfortheweekend?租一輛車周末用要多少錢?(3)She'sourlatesthire,whoworksveryhard.她是我們最新的雇員，工作非常努力?！粽Z塊積累hirearoom/video租汽車/房間/錄像帶hirealawyer聘請律師hiresth.out出租某