二輪專題 閱讀理解推理判斷的知識

考綱詞匯檢測：1.abandon 2.abnormal3.aboard 4.abolish5.abortion 6.abrupt7.absolute 8.abstract9.absurd 10.abuse11.academic 12.academy13.accelerate 14.accessible15.Abundant16.absorbEverylittlehelpsamiracle.ReadingComprehension---InferenceQuestions閱讀理解專題--推理判斷題Feb.21,2014learningaim:Togetsomestrategiestomakeproperinferenceswhilereading.

五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計(jì)：20092010201120122013推理判斷題47566年份題量題型1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle(甲蟲)

.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatch臨終看護(hù)

beetle."（1分鐘）

●Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.2.

Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分鐘）

Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches一、如何推斷隱含意義技巧點(diǎn)撥1).全面分析2).忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息1.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse.（2分鐘）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.2.Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：技巧點(diǎn)撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。體現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度的詞匯？

根據(jù)用詞風(fēng)格，推斷情感態(tài)度。一篇好的文章，其用詞風(fēng)格常常直接流露或蘊(yùn)含作者的內(nèi)心世界和情感態(tài)度。所以，閱讀時(shí)要善于捕捉表達(dá)或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞句或短語，捕捉那些烘托氣氛、渲染情感的詞句，進(jìn)而很好地洞察作者的思想傾向，是支持、反對，抑或是中立?！镒⒁庾髡咴谖恼轮械拇朕o，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively(過分地）,rather則常帶有否定的口氣；★某些過渡詞（例如：however,but,onthecontrary,what’smore）后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。1.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分鐘）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem2.AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman‘shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.（3分鐘）

●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)toentertainreaders（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2)topersuadereaders（說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）(3)toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息）常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章.三、如何推斷寫作目的1.（全國卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分鐘）A.textbookB.newsreel(新聞片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine2.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全帶）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（責(zé)任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（發(fā)送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分鐘）

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.

A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（廣告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小冊子）Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport四、如何推斷文章出處解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處(1)報(bào)紙：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱(2)廣告：因其格式特殊，語言簡練，容易辨認(rèn)。(3)產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。(4)網(wǎng)站：常出現(xiàn)click,online,web,website等字眼，有時(shí)還會提供網(wǎng)址。(5)旅游指南：介紹景點(diǎn)和人文特寫，以吸引游客。

Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteract相互影響withtheirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofaltering改變theirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbark剝樹皮fromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearings空曠地wereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingarea牧場forthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomestication馴化ofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible不能吃的.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophistication教養(yǎng)，老練，復(fù)雜，精明wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuit