初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法部分（一）名詞考點(diǎn)一：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)（了解）名詞的種類：英語(yǔ)名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類：專有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名，地名，人名，可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)名稱個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化：規(guī)則變化例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-s，清輔音后面讀/s/，濁輔音后面讀/z/map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes,watch-watches,dish—dishes,box—boxes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves, wife-wives,wolf—wolves,half-halves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves加-sbelief-beliefs,roof-roofs,4以*輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加口-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,documentary-documentaries以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys,

y結(jié)尾的，加-s5以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞有生命的加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoesmangoes不少外來(lái)詞加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,6以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,Tip:變fe為ves的口訣：小偷和妻子用架子上的刀結(jié)束了樹葉和狼的生命。不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：分類例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice,man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,fish,yuan,3一些名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)cattle,staff，people，clothes，trousers，works5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（表整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（表其中的人或者成員）audience,class,family,couple,group,government,population,team,public,police， class， family7表示“某國(guó)人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese

以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,passers-by,story-tellers,無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,9名詞作定語(yǔ)把主要名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，做定語(yǔ)的名詞一把用單數(shù)aboystudent-someboystudents，anappletree-someappletrees,ashoefactory-someshoefactories,aneight-year-oldboy,名詞作定語(yǔ)將兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)awomansinger-womensingers,amanteacher-menteachers,名詞作定語(yǔ)twosportsbags,aclothesstore-twoclothesstores10單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同fish魚fishes魚的種類,paper紙papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文，work工作works作品，工廠，glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光線lights燈,time時(shí)間times時(shí)代，次數(shù),chicken雞肉chickens小雞考點(diǎn)二：名詞所有格（了解）名詞在句中表示所屬關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格，相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。所有格分三種：一是名詞詞尾加's構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。三是雙重所有格.（1）所有格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞在末尾加‘stheboy'sfather,Jack'sbook,herson-in-law'sphotoJim'sbed,theman'swife,thefox'stail復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加’theteachers'room,thetwins'mother,

不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加'sthechildren'stoys,women'srights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加‘s或者’Dickens'novels,Charles'sjob,theSmiths'house,thestudents'books,Teachers'Day,myboss'office,(2)有些表示時(shí)間、距離、度量衡、價(jià)值、自然現(xiàn)象、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無(wú)生命東西的名詞，也可以加's構(gòu)成所有格。1表示時(shí)間表示自然現(xiàn)象表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞表示工作群體表示度量衡及價(jià)值today'snewspaper,fiveweeks'holidaytheearth'satmosphere,thetree'sbranchesthecountry'splan,theworld'spopulation,China'sindustrytheship'screw,majority'sview,theteam'svictoryamile'sjourney,fivedollars'worthofapples2與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞thelife'stime,theplay'splot（3）of所有格的用法：用于無(wú)生命的東西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook,amapoftheworld,thestoryofahero,thewindowsoftheroom,thetitleofthefilm（4）雙重所有格在意義上與"oneof..."相似：1of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”afriendofmyfather's（我父親的一位朋友）=oneofmyfather'sfriends,afriendofmine（我的一位朋友）=oneofmyfriends名詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（一）．選擇題（）1、"Itdependsonmy decision．"themothersaidandlookedathertwosons．A．childrens'B．children's C．childD．child's)2、10Septemberison Day.ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher’s DTeachers’)3、OnDay,weshouldgiveourbestwishestoourmothers.AWomanBWomen’s CWoman’sDWomen’s)4、DoyouknowwhenisDay.AFathersBFather’s CFathers’ Father)5、Fruitisgoodforhealth，soIoftenhavebreakfastwithone．A．candyB．cakeC．bananaD．hamburger)6、-Thedishesinthisrestaurantmustbeveryexpensive.-Don'tworry.Youcanenjoyyourself.It'smy.A．time B．treatC．taskD．taste( )7、-NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinBeijingOpera.-That'strue.It'sanimportantpartofChinese .A.cultureB.inventionC.custom()8、TheNewSilkRoadwillofferagood formorenationstocommunicate.A.chanceB.habitC.questionD.price( )9、EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo fromJanuary1st，2016A.boyB.girlC.childrenD.child( )10、It'ssportstime.Most studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.( )A.boyB.boysC.boy'sD.boys'( )11、weshouldshowourrespectstothose ，theyareveryimportanttous.AwomandoctorBwomendoctorCwomendoctorsDwomendoctor（）12、Thoseareallfromfamouscolleges.Amanteachers BmenteachersCman’Cman’steachersDmen’steachers（）13、Ineedtobuyapairofshoes，doyouknowwhereIcanfindashop?AshoesBshoe'sCshoes’Dshoe（ ）14、Ourschoolwillhaveameetingtomorrow,we areall very excited.AsportB sportsCsport’sDsports’TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（ ）15、Thereis anewstorenearmyhome，wouldyougo with me?Acloth BclotheCclothesD clothes’（）16、Yibinisoneofthemostbeautiful inSichuan．A．cityB．citiesC．citysDcityies（）17、Doyouknowoneofthename?（ ）AmasterBmastersCmasters’Dmaster’s（）18、Heisoneofthebestinourschool.（ ）AstudentBstudentsCstudents’D student’s（ ）19、-Therearemanyaboutthisfarm.-Yes,lotsofareplantedonit .（ ）A.photo；potatoB.photos；potatosC.photos；potatoesD.photoes；potatoes（ ）20、Tom’sfamilylarge,thereareonlyfourinit.Aaren't； people；Bisn't；peoplesCaren't；peoplesDisn't；people)21、Hisfamilyallmusiclovers.AisBareCbeDwere)22、Thegovernmentgoingtobuildadamhere.AisBareCbeDwas)23、Thegovernmenthavingmeetingsonhowtosolvetheairproblem.AareBisCwereDbe)24、thepolicelookingforhimeverywhere(. )AareBis CamDbe)25、-Howfarisyourhomefromschool-Aboutride( )A．tenminute'sB．tenminutes'C．tenminutes)26、There'llbea meetingnextweek，andmyparentswill comeforit．A．parents'；allB．parents'；bothC．parent's；allD．parent's；both)27、-Areyousurethisisaphoto ，thefamouscomedyactress？-Itsurprisedyou，didn'tit？Butshewasoncereallythin．A．JiaLingB．JiaLing'sC．ofJiaLingD．ofJiaLing's()28、"John，isthebookonthedeskyours？""No，it'smy．Sheleftithereyesterday．A．sister'sB．sisterC．sisters'()29、roomisbigandnice．A．Kate'sandJane'sB．Kate'sandJaneC．KateandJane's( )30、-Mike,whatclubdoyouwanttojoin?-Well,Iwanttojointheclub.Ilovepainting.A．chessB．sportsC．a(chǎn)rtD．English( )31、Peterdid'ttellhisparentsthathewasgoinghomebecausehewantedtogivethema A．noteB．surpriseC．callD．gift( )32、-Whatdoyoulike？Ilikeplayingtennisandrunning．A．subjectsB．musicC．sports( )33、Lilyoftenhelpshermotherdosomecookinginthe ．A．kitchenB．gardenC．bathroomD．bedroom( )34、Thebroken maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit,youshouldbecareful．A．glassB．glassesC．candleD．Candles()35、-Mom,Iwilleatlessfastfoodthisyear,believeme．Ifyoumakea ,youmustkeepit．A．jokeB．noise C．mistakeD．promise()36、Look!Somanycolorfulbicyclesintwolinesoverthere．--They'reforpublic．This ofgreensmarttrafficiseverywhereinXiangyangcity．A．numberB．pairC．kindD．piece()37、HewasborninGermany,buthehasmadeChinahis ．A．familyB．a(chǎn)ddressC．houseD．home( )38、It'scoldtoday．Takeyour withyouwhenyougoout．A．knifeB．coatC．brush D．key( )39、-Whoisthepersonyouadmirethemos?-QianXuesen,theFatherofChina'sMissiles.HeistheofChina.A．leaderB．prideC．voice()40、WhydidLucylookunhappy？Becauseshewassocarelessthatshemademanyspelling inherhomework．A．friendsB．plansC．decisions D．mistakes( )41、Someoldpeopleneeda becausetheyfeellonely．A．giftB．stickC．petD．watch()42、It'shottoday．Havesome ，please．--No，thanks．I'mnotthirstyatall．A．waterB．potatoesC．breadD．cakes( )43、Whenthemanwentthroughtheforestalone，helosthis andfeltafraid．A．TaskB．workC．wayD．Job()44、--AreyougoingoutwithJadetonight？-That'smy．Mindyourown!A．offerB．BusinessC．questionD．chance()45、Your isveryhelpful．IguessI'lltakeit．A．secretB．a(chǎn)dviceC．promiseD．purpose名詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(二)mycousinlikesdoing(體育).Doyouknowanyofthe(child)name?Theycomefrom.theyare(England)Sheisagood(swim).(swim)intheriverisdangerous.Howmany(年級(jí))arethereinyourschool?The(主人)ofthedogslookafterthemwell.The(swim)aretryingtheirbest.Thispictureismy(表弟).Theseclothsarethose(swim).Oneofthebasketball(play)isfromEngland.Doyouknowthe(run)overthere?Thebookmustbeoneofmy(teacher).Wehaveeleventennis(play)inournewteam.Thisisour(one)lesson.IhopeLiHua’s(dream)cometrue.Thebagisn’tmine,itmustbesomeone(else).YoucanfindLilyinthe(read)room.Thosedoctorssavedalotofpeople,theyaremy(hero).Myfriendslikeplaying(football)Afterclass,childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe(warm)ofthesun.Therewere(thousand)ofpeopleattheconcert.Thereusedtobemany(wolf),butonlyafewofthemremaintoday.Adictionaryisusefulforustounderstandnewwords.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)usefulforustounderstandnewwords.Bytheendofthismonth,peopleinBeijingwillbeabletobrushtheir(tooth)withwaterfromHubei.Pleaseacceptourbestw(祝愿)foryourexams.Inthefamouscompetition,(獲勝者)alwaysgetverygoodprize.Havingagoodisnecessaryforusall.(educate)Isawsome(German)andEnglishmendancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.HeJiong,ahostfromHunanTV,wasveryfamousinhis(twenty).Emilypublishedherfifthtwo-million-wordnovelinher.(thirty)mayliveinthedeepoceansomeday.(human)Theprogramintroducedhowthepolicedealtwithtwointhesmalltown.(robbery)Leavingthewindowsopenisjustinvitingtoenter.(thief)Wehadtogothereonfoot.Afterthetwo(hour)walk,weweretiredout.It'slimelohavearest.Let'sgooutfora(呼吸)offreshair.WhenIwasyounger,myhwascollectingstamps,butnowIlikepainting.ThereisnodoubtthatMoyanisagreat(succeed)withNobelPrize.Hemadea(decide)nottospendtoomuchtimeplayingvideogames.Don'tbeafraidofmaking.Theyhelpyoulearn.(mistake)Thousandsof(visitor)cometomyhometownSuqianeveryyear.Thesoldiersavedtheboyfromthefloodwithapieceof.(wooden)LotsofpeoplesurftheInternettolookforsomeaboutthemissingplane.(information)Whichteamdoyouthinkwillbethe(win)ofthe20thFIFAWorldCup?Myfather'sjobisdifferentfromthose(spaceman).Aftersomany(year)practice,LiNaisawell-knowntennisplayer.Inmyhometown,lotsoftreesarefullofgreenallyearround.(leaf)Thankstoyour(suggest),lgottocompletethejobintime.Lookatthe(photo).Howbeautifultheyare!Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore(hero)forustolearnfrom.ThekangaroocomesfromAustralia.Iteatsgrassand(leaf).Itiswell-knownthattherearefour(季節(jié))inayear.Manypeopledonotknowthe(important)ofthewetlands.Thebeautifultoycaris(Bob).(child)Dayismyfavouritefestivalintheyear.Davidisgoodatdrawingandhe'sgoingtobean(art)whenhegrowsup.Wedolotsofoutdoor(active)whenspringcomes.Heisfriendlytohisclassmates,andhasmademany(friend)here.Manynew(potato)willgrowfromonepotatoplantedintheground.Look,Mum!Alltheboxesintheroomarefilledwith(蔬菜).Several(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek.Theteachersoftentalktousabouttheofsmoking.(dangerous)Whataheavy!Takeanumbrellawhenyougoout.NowIcanspeakinEnglishandkeep(日記)inEnglish.Howmany(手表)doyouhave?Whattimeisit?itisa(一刻鐘)pastone.Everyday,wedomorning（鍛煉）atschool.Thanksforyour（祝愿）.It’sgoodforoureyestodoeye （鍛煉）..Arethereanyinyourschool?yes,weoftengotoreadbooksinit..Weenjoywatchingthe（firework）onNewYear'sEve.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（2016?平頂山一模）Thereisnoenoughinthefridgetoputthemeat.（ ）A．spaceB．place C．floor D．ground（2016?濟(jì)南一模）-Whydoyoulooksoexcited,Timmy?-I'vejustgotagood.（ ）A.newsB.jobC.adviceD.work（2016?濟(jì)南一模）Mikeandhisfriendsaregoingtothe toseethenewmovietonight.（ ）A.bookshopB.restaurantC.cinemaD.concert二.填空題（共43小題）（2015?臨沂）Afterclass,childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe （warm）ofthesun.（2015?臨沂）Therewere （thousand）ofpeopleattheconcert.（2015?安順）Thereusedtobemany（wolf）,butonlyafewofthemremaintoday.（2015?上海）Adictionaryisusefulforustounderstandnewwords.（改為復(fù)數(shù)形式）Dictionarieusefulforustounderstandnewwords.（2015?臨沂）Bytheendofthismonth,peopleinBeijingwillbeabletobrushtheir（tooth）withwaterfromHubei.（2015?安徽）Pleaseacceptourbestw（祝愿）foryourexams.（2015?青島）Inthefamouscompetition,（獲勝者）alwaysgetverygoodprize.（2015?紅河州二模）Havingagood isnecessaryforusall.（educate）（2015?興化市一模）Isawsome（German）andEnglishmendancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.（2015?興化市一模）HeJiong,ahostfromHunanTV,wasveryfamousinhis（twenty）..（2015?青浦區(qū)二模）Emilypublishedherfifthtwo-million-wordnovelinher.（thirty）（2015?閘北區(qū)二模）mayliveinthedeepoceansomeday.（human）（2015?浦東新區(qū)一模）Theprogramintroducedhowthepolicedealtwithtwo ；inthesmalltown.（robbery）（2015?閘北區(qū)一模）Leavingthewindowsopenisjustinvitingtoenter.（thief）（2015?泗陽(yáng)縣模擬）Wehadtogothereonfoot.Afterthetwo（hour）walk,weweretiredout.（2014?連云港）It'slimetohavearest.Let'sgooutfora（呼吸）offreshair.（2014?廣州）WhenIwasyounger,myhwascollectingstamps,butnowIlikepainting.（2014?鄂州）ThereisnodoubtthatMoyanisagreat（succeed）withNobelPrize.（2014?西藏）Hemadea（decide）nottospendtoomuchtimeplayingvideogames.（2014?上海）Don'tbeafraidofmaking.Theyhelpyoulearn.（mistake）（2014?宿遷）Thousandsof（visitor）cometomyhometownSuqianeveryyear.（201