中考英語專項(xiàng)總結(jié)定語從句

中考英語專項(xiàng)總結(jié)定語從句一.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。.作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：Idon'tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell..作賓語：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape;.作定語關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：Whafsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard..作狀語111neverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法who指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?Mr.Lee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.whose指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:rvereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：111neverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具體使用時(shí)還要注意以下問題.只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1)先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered..只能用which,不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：Themeetingw