考研英語真題解析筆記

2004-

vt.使平衡細節(jié)題，解題思havealways

inlectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforinlectualWecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistory

inlect的（R對學校的態(tài)度：肯定第③句：Anythingbut決不，表否細節(jié)題，解題思havealways=tracesthe

counterbalancetotheAmericandistastefor lectualWecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistory.

第③句：Anythingbut不，表否Counterbalance制衡，表否定位到①③兩

undervaluinginlect√同義改favoringinlectualism×反義設

Distaste感彩 三重否定表示肯定inlectual兩個互兩個互為相反的選項，往往practicalismoreimportantthanin=anti-in=undervaluingin

supportingschoolreform×只有書名提到suppressingnativeinligence×反義設置，在第四段末句提 第二段在 反智主義的歷史，后一句表明作者態(tài)相同考法99-4-67肯定一相同考法99-4-67肯定一方否定另一Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewton inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificscienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesarescientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofunpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientific第三①Buttheycouldandshouldbe.②Encouragingkidstorejectthe

作者觀點出現(xiàn)的標志②：情Bevulnerableto容易受到……

ofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationand

第①句省略了

lect（的影響（尤指，否定Resentvt.怨恨；憤恨；厭（表否定n.平義者；民粹派；平adj.民粹主義的（等于populistic）；平義的；平義者的

③Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.④Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,"We easecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety."第四 lectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,"writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-In lectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-inlectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.②Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.③Practicality,commonsense,andnativein ligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

段末句），作者支持in作者觀點出現(xiàn)的標志③：轉折inlect的重要性Rigorousadj.嚴格的，嚴厲的；嚴密的；嚴酷的，木訥的（表否定Restraintn.抑制，克制；約束Recitationn.背誦；朗誦；詳Bellyfuln.滿腹；滿肚子；過量Innateadj.的；固有的；與文中人物觀點對and并列：前后內(nèi)容一

第五①RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:"Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing."②MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-in lectualism.③Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschooling Identical×同一的；完全相同SimilarComplementary×互為補充的，互補Opposite

①E學校教第五段都是在說in細節(jié) 59.Emerson,accordingtothetext,is apioneerofeducationreform×無中生有anopponentofinlectualism√同義改ascholarinfavorof lect×反義設anadvocateofregularschooling×反義設reluctantlyadv.不情愿地；Militantlyadv.地；好斗Hostilityn.敵意；行（表否定作者態(tài)度作者態(tài)度出現(xiàn)的標志總結感彩情態(tài)動轉

第六Inlect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativein aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.In lectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Inligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whilein lectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.第七①Schoolremainsaplacewhereinlectismistrusted.②Hofstadtersaysourcountry'seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho"joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytoinlectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastinlectualWhatdoestheauthorthinkofinItissecondto ligence.×反義設Itevolvesfromcommonsense.×無中生

Inlect和inligence的對misrut、hosiliy表明作者態(tài)度支持inlect文章框架串線（一段④句三段①句，六段、七段

Itistobepursued.√三段Itunderliespower×無中

B、D是中性的，沒有表明態(tài)1.做題先題后文，只看題干，不看選2.閱讀讀什么①邏輯：相同②感彩③相同含義不3.作者觀點態(tài)度出現(xiàn)的標①感彩詞（形副名動②情態(tài)動詞③轉折④文章框架串4.細節(jié)定位好的句子是解題的5.行文“套路①少數(shù)派原②欲抑先揚，欲揚先6.干擾選項特相反、無中生有、信7.正確選項特文中句子的同兩個相反選項往往有8.做不同年份的題目多做總結，找規(guī) 詞匯、解題思 正文、題 語篇分單同義替ADJAfatprofitorfeeisalargeone.(利潤、費用)豐厚的ADJSomeonewhoisslackintheirworkdoesnotdoitproperly懈的

先題后文，只看題干，不看選項，預測文Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)implies.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthe Whatcanweinferfromthelast第一①Everybodylovesafatpayrise.②Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.③Indeed,ifhehasaeputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.④Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatother

復習：閱讀讀什么邏輯、感彩、同義替Such/that/this+n.表示前文提Suchbehavior是對前面行為的第一段：這些行為不僅人有， animalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.⑤But子也OutrageADJADJTheunderlyingfeaturesofanobject,event,orsituationarenotobvious,anditmaybedifficulttodiscoverorrevealthem.潛在的N-VARIfyouhaveagrievanceaboutsomethingthathashappenedorbeendone,youbelievethatitwasunfair.委屈;不滿

astudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedin,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic posingacontrast對比，強調(diào)不同justifyinganassumption×but……aswelll，不僅人有makingacomparison類比，強調(diào)相同點√第一段強調(diào)的是人和猴子一explainingaThestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)implies monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals×缺條件，斷章取resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'naturemonkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother×沒提過嫉noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions除了猴子，人

①=②=③=④猴子有這樣的④人也有這樣的行Aswell：表邏輯就變多——多則惑，少干擾選項設置雷同：都是缺條

2000-22-人被激怒的條件：①ifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone②ifhehasareputationforslacking這里缺條

×缺條件，money,fame,power的條件是ifambitionistobewellregarded干擾選項設置雷同：都是缺條22-人被激怒的條件：①ifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone②ifhehasareputationforslacking這里缺條

×缺條件，money,fame,power的條件是ifambitionistobewellregardedCapuchin一種猴N-N-Someone'sorsomething'scounterpartis orthingthathasasimilarfunctionorpositioninadifferentplace.對應的人或物（強相同V-Tocounterbalancesomethingmeanstobalanceorcorrectitwithsomethingthathasanequalbutoppositeeffect.平衡;抵消（強調(diào)對立N-COUNTSomethingthatacounterbalancetosomethingelsecounterbalancesthatthing.平衡因素;制衡力Weigh作比較V-TIfyouweighthefactsaboutasituation,youconsiderthemverycarefullybeforeyoumakeadecision,especiallybycomparingthevariousfactsinvolved.權衡AttentivetoV-TIfyoutosssomethingsomewhere,youthrowittherelightly,ofteninacarelessway.扔V-TIfyoutossyourheadortossyourhair,youmoveyourheadbackward,quicklyandsuddenly,oftenasawayofexpressinganemotionsuchasangerorcontempt.甩(表達、蔑

第二①Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchin②Theylookcute.③Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andsharetheirfoodreadily.④Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”than第三SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget要原因，和aboveall對attentivetoresearchers’instructions×用attention設置niceinbothappearanceandtemperament×次要原moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions×也是次要原第四Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys prefergrapestocucumbers過

第二段：用母猴子做研究的原Aboveall提示主要原定位點在第三段，但答案在第二段，因為such是對上文的總結概括；24題的題干也暗示了出題位置。第三段：B和D兩個人的研究過more：選項中出現(xiàn)了，題干中的小詞有大智講研究過程，是次要內(nèi)容，但是考試中不可以不讀，沒有讀懂也不影響做題第四段：研究過程，不重對于試驗類文章，重要的是結論而不是過程。（正如例證題，重要的是觀點而不是例子）視等情感 [B]canbetaughttoexchangethings過[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

實驗結論是；c選項是

究過程（類似例證題——不要忽視題目問的

[DareunhappywhenseparatedfromothersADJIfyouthink

[Dareunhappywhenseparatedfromothers正第五someonebehavesorlivesinTheresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeyslikehumansareguided Suggestthat提示實驗結awaythatismorallygood,youcansaythattheyarerighteous.Peoplesometimesuserighteoustoexpresstheirdisapproval

socialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcomple ymakesthesefeelings

第五段：實驗結論是猴子和人一樣都會被一些情感驅(qū)使（再次提示第一題copaisn）whentheythinksomeoneisabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchonlybehavinginthiswaysosenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,or

強轉折詞是作者的觀點（還有彩詞、情態(tài)動詞thatotherswilladmireorsupportthem.正直的;(有時指)假正經(jīng)的

itstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

N-UNCOUNTIndignation

把第三段教猴子交換食物和第四Whatcanweinferfromthelast 猴子和人都會被socialemotionafeelingofshockandanger[AMonkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.×使信息拼whenyouthinkthatsomethingisunjustorunfair.不平

Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.√最后一句的同義改Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.×openly沒提Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.×條件錯1.Such/that/this+n.表示前文提到過這個名2.為什么只看題目，不看選項①如果看了選項，干擾信息就變多——多則惑，少則②除了四個選項都有的共同信息一定不會是干3.干擾選項：缺乏條件，斷章取4.對于試驗類文章，重要的是結論而不是過程。（）——例證題是一種解題思路，也是一種讀文章的思路5.more：選項中出現(xiàn)了，一般不選除非：回到原文，原文中出現(xiàn)了，且比較的二者一樣6.問原因的題目，注意有沒有提示選主要原因的詞（most,7.推理判斷題的答案喜歡在轉折處 邏輯提示詞（時間、Administration

先題后文，只看題干，不看選項，預測文Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwas AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserve Whatdoestheauthormeanbyparalysisbyysis(Lastline,ParagraphAccordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalTheauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmoking30題：找全球變暖和吸煙的聯(lián)系，實質(zhì)是找共第一Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidntknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandtheernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Didn'tknow=inconclusive=反復強調(diào)的是重點，重點是考答案是比較出來的，文

Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwas therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

no：絕對化用原文說的是inconclusive、反復強調(diào)的是重N-COUNTIfareparallelsbetweentwothings,theyaresimilarinsomeways.相似之處Panel、專家團inonewaveafter前赴后繼，一波接judgmentsn.N-TITLEAjudgeistheinacourtoflawwhodecideshowthelawshouldbeapplied,forexamplehowcriminalsshouldbepunished.V-TIfyoujudgesomethingorsomeone,youformanopinionaboutthemafteryouhaveexaminedtheevidenceorthoughtcarefullyaboutthem.判斷猜詞題：關注句內(nèi)和句

thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificantpeoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife√freedom是兩個out的同義替antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense信息拼第二Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,tolusthattheEarthsatmosphereisdefiniywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.TheoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanelsreport:Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserve aprotector提ajudgeacritic評論家，由critical（至關重要的）設計而aguide√向第三Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingis plete,thatitsOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.第四Fortunay,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butitsobviousthatamajorityof sadvisersstilldonttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisby ysis.

長難句必出Fortunay轉折詞，表選擇和破折號之前內(nèi)容保持一致猜詞題中破折號的相同考N-VARIfyouaccusesomeoneofhypocrisyyoumeanthattheypretendtohavequalities,beliefs,orfeelingsthattheydonotreallyhave.虛偽再次暗示上一Stewards乘務員，在這里指TakePHRASEIfyoutaketheinitiativeinasituation,youarethefirst toact,andarethereforeabletocontrolthesituation取主N-VARIfsomethingisanincentivetodosomethingitencouragesyoutodoit.鼓勵environmentally

action,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccase paralysis Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysis ysis”(Lastline,paralysis Endlessstudieskillaction.破折號前的內(nèi)容一樣：否定行動，肯定研Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth反Prudentplanninghindersprogress.不夠貼近主旨細節(jié)服從主Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making反第五Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwonttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallyAccordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalOfferaidtobuildcleanerpowerRaisepublicawarenessofPressforfurtherscientificTakesomelegislativemeasures.√采取行動，but、should之后是Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmoking.theybothsufferedfrom ernments

Hypocrisy2000-InsteadHypocrisy2000-tshould提示作者觀第五段：再次強調(diào)要采取行對環(huán)境友好 [B]alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer√二者的教訓都是要立刻采取行動，第二段和第三段明確做了類比，并提ADJIfastructure,partofsomeone'sbody,orsomeone'smindissound,itisingoodconditionorhealthy康的況良好1.破折號、冒號：解釋1.破折號、冒號：解釋說明，邏輯相同2.總結3.no4.instead表肯定，insteadof表否

eofthelatteraggravatesthebothofthemhaveturnedfrombadto

要立刻采取行動的建2005- 詞匯、解題思 正文、題 語篇分單同義替邏輯提示詞（時suspendedV-Tyoususpendsomething,youdelayitorstopitfromhappeningforawhileoruntiladecisionismadeaboutit.暫停（否定）DisguiseN-VARIfareindisguise,youarenotwearingyourusualclothesoryouhavealteredyourappearanceinotherways,sothatpeoplewillnotrecognizeyou.Thermostatn溫器；自aresusceptibleto對…敏ostthoughtsandfeelingsareyourmost andsecretones.最隱秘的Aboveall=most例證例子是為了說明觀點標志：當談到A，是為了說例子的特征：大寫、專業(yè)術例證題做對的關

先題后文，只看題干，不看選項，預Researchershavecometobelievethat Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendsto Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytend Cartwrightseemstosuggest WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebad串聯(lián)題干，知道文章大概是和做夢、情緒有第一Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchersthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”Researchershavecometobelievethat canbemodifiedintheircourses√全文中心的改寫細節(jié)服從主aresusceptibletoemotionalchangesreflectourinnermostdesiresandfears×過去的觀area eofneuralrepairs×過去的觀第二Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofin lectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressedandthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

least表否Now：時間相反一切相①后面是文②后面是重認為（肯定）Doubt懷疑（否定這里專業(yè)術語看不懂沒①這段話都是在說一句話是觀點，“thisview”②三段首句也是觀While例子的特征：大寫、專業(yè)術例證題做對的關①審題清晰，看清是例證④排除干擾選項雙管齊注意搭配結

upfromdreamshappyordepressedandthosefeelingscanstaywithusday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamByreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendsto itsfunctioninourdreamsits指代thelimbicsystem，還是例子本themechanismofREMsleep例子本身therelationofdreamstoemotionsitsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex例子第三ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytend aggravateinourunconsciousmind方向相反developintohappydreamsHappy≠happier性質(zhì)不同

While第二段：第一段觀點舉Suggestthat第三段：夢和情緒的關persisttillthetimewefallasleep×itappearsuntilwebegintoshowupindreamsearlyatnight√同義改

說反2006- 注2006- 注意、，干擾選項會 設Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,strangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggest largeanimalswerevulnerabletothechangingsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedlargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday√同義替換細節(jié)服從主slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growing旨VisualizeV-Tyouvisualizesomething,youimaginewhatitislikebyformingamentalpictureofit.想像

第四Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

第四段：夢是可以

Cartwrightseemstosuggest wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbad ×trytoweakup≠=wakeupinvisualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol×偷換dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression×反義dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious√同義改

第五Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleeor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromathe.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?LeadyourlifeasSeekprofessionalExerciseconsciousAvoidanxietyinthe

情態(tài)動詞表作者觀點態(tài)本文總1.例子是為了標志：當談到A，是為了說例子的特征：大寫、專業(yè)術例證題做對的關①審題清晰，看清是例證②分清例子在哪里，觀點在哪里（觀點一般在例子前，有時在例子后，有時還需要段落，上段下段都可以考慮③特別注意選項里的代詞，很有可能是指代題干中的例子本④排除干擾選項，雙管齊下（干擾選項是例子本身例證題的本質(zhì)是“細節(jié)服從主旨2.特別注意題干中的小詞，特別是副aboveall=most，come3.考研的文章：捧殺、欲揚先抑、欲抑4.Now：時間相反一切①后面是文章中②后面是重 認為（肯定Doubt懷疑（否定6.所有的專業(yè)術語都是紙，重在邏2005- 詞匯、解題思 正文、題 語篇分單FiguresCOUNTSomeonewhoisreferredtoasafigureofaparticularkindisawhoiswell-knownandimportantinsomewaycounter-culture反文①不僅要看信butalltoo表肯定，只不過But作副詞，Butisusedtomeanonly.僅僅作連詞，可以表轉折、遞

先題后文，只看題干，不看選項，預測文AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformal Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3) TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshows Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”.文章和語言第一Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,

McWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish第二Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalisinevitableradicaleducationreforms×無中生有①最有可能同意的就是自己的觀既不期待……也不期待……強調(diào)正式英第一段：介紹一本書，引入話

Tebettte題型就是選中心主旨，所以書名就代表了（不一定是書評的中體），盡量把書名讀懂ADJA [B]isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment ②通過書 考研文章如果中出體），盡量把書名讀懂society,orwayofbehavingallowsortoleratesthingsthat容的;放任的N-UNCOUNT寬容;放Modestly稍微N-COUNTThecultofwhichpeopleregardthatthingasveryimportantorspecial.狂熱performativeadj為particulartypeofliterature,

hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture拼broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s信息拼第三Butthecultoftheauthenticandthe al,“ ngourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlyal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealInbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

解全文中心很有通過while強對performativeadjGenreN-COUNTAgenreisaparticulartypeofliterature,artformwhichpeople

spontaneityoverTheword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)

通過whileSpokenconsiderasaclassbecauseithasspecialcharacteristics.(文學、繪畫、音樂、等藝術作

ABC原文中都有，但不是中心，只是細品的體N-UNCOUNTSpontaneityisspontaneous,naturalElevatedADJIfthoughtsorideasareelevated,theyareonahighmoralorinlectuallevel.(思想或想法等)高尚的;高amannerthatdoesnottakeformsandceremonies

informality細節(jié)服從主describesomethingthatitissoobviousthatitcannotbemistakenforanythingelse.不會弄錯的

第四Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorter sisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.

①②句體現(xiàn)這是一篇Heisnotarguingasmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecause?一定要減少否定的層次來wedonottalk否定句

句子理2000-Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedin2000-Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.FewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantC：最好排除,ABD都在談語言和

TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikely想的關系，但C沒有，離中心主 [A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywe √否定句同義改最

BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish反Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.×無中生OfallthevarietiesstandardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.×反第五Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossof

while表類somethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitable 39.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowsthe interestintheirlanguage態(tài)（grieving），所以欣賞俄羅斯人的努硬幣的兩 [B]appreciationoftheirefforts effort表示俄羅斯人保留自己的傳統(tǒng)語言，作者對于傳統(tǒng)語言（grieving），所以欣賞俄羅