中考英語句子的類型Ⅱ復(fù)合句

中考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（十二）句子的類型II

復(fù)合句01命題趨勢 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對(duì)復(fù)合句的考查主要包括賓語從句（包括直接引語與間接引語的互換）、狀語從句和定語從句。預(yù)計(jì)年對(duì)賓語從句的考查仍然會(huì)是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)，狀語從句中連詞的選擇和時(shí)態(tài)；對(duì)定語從句的考查重點(diǎn)是關(guān)系代詞的選用。02定義 概念清晰化.賓語從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句，常常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，作賓語。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是由賓語從句的句子類型決定的，常考的引導(dǎo)詞有that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,how,why等，賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)由主句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定。.直接引語指的是直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號(hào)標(biāo)出；間接引語是指用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。直接引語變間接引語時(shí)在句型、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語序、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等方面都要進(jìn)行變化。.在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子叫狀語從句，在句中起到狀語的作用。?？嫉臓钫Z從句有時(shí)間狀語從句（由when,while,before,not…until等引導(dǎo)）、條件狀語從句（由if,unless,aslongas等引導(dǎo)）、原因狀語從句（由because,since等引導(dǎo)）、結(jié)果狀語從句（由sothat,so…that…等引導(dǎo)）、目的狀語從句（由inorderthat等引導(dǎo)）、讓步狀語從句（由though,although等引導(dǎo)）。.定語從句是指在句中作定語，用來修飾名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞的句子。被定語從句修飾的名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞叫做先行詞，在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,that,which,關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。03知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化賓語從句與直接引語和間接引語分類圖解用法例句當(dāng)賓語從句或間接引語是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，用that來引導(dǎo)從句或間接引語，其中的that無具體意義，一般可以省略。Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.Hesaid(that)thebankwasnearthehotel.當(dāng)賓語從句或間接引語是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，用if或whether來引導(dǎo)從句或間接引語，意思是“是否”。從句或間接引語用陳述語序。Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.Hewonderedif/whethertheworkershadfinishedthework.當(dāng)賓語從句或間接引語是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，特殊疑問詞就是賓語從句或間接引語的引導(dǎo)詞。從句或間接引語用陳述語序。Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor?Sheaskedmewhosepenthatwas.特例清單I.當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether,如果從句中有ornot或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時(shí)，只能用whether。如:Idon,tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.我不知道他是否會(huì)來。Sheisworriedaboutwhetheritistrue.她正擔(dān)心著這件事是否是真的。.賓語從句中，主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則從句可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需要用各種相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。主句為一般過去時(shí)，則從句必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如:Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告訴我他將會(huì)參加跳高比賽。.賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等詞時(shí)，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Shedoesn,tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn,tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步該做什么。.直接引語是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell(ask,order等)sb.(not)todosth.”句型。如:“Don'tmakeanynoise.”shesaidtothechildren.—Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise/不要制造任何噪音''她對(duì)孩子們說。.在賓語從句或間接引語中如果敘述的是客觀真理、客觀事實(shí)等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他說光比聲音的傳播速度要快得多。.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和某些具有方向性的動(dòng)詞要作相應(yīng)的變化。具體見下表：五接％語間接引語指示代詞thulibt.stihistnowl.btntodayihalJaytDEUghlihalnighlytsierciayihtdaybtJore時(shí)間狀語1r>mOrrOwnextJayihiiwttkihalwttkthen?clwctkIwo agbtwoweeks,bcfortJailmfinlhibemonthbtforrbereibere【題組訓(xùn)練】tomeeo()1.(2014-金華)—Jmmy,the2014FIFAWorldCupisc()ming.Doyouknow thefirstmatchwillbeW? 一OnJune13th.A.howB.whereC.why D.when()2.(2014-安徽)一It,ssolate.Whynotwritethereporttomorrow?一ButIdon,tknowIcandoitifnotnow.A.whyB.whenC.how D.where()3.(2014-昆明)一Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme?—Yes,thereisahistorymuseum.A.howoftendoyougotothehistorymuseumB.arethereanygoodmuseumsinKunmingC.howlongittakestogettothehistorymuseumD.ifthereareanygoodmuseumsinKunming()4.(2014-鎮(zhèn)江)一Granny,theschooltripwasveryexcitingbutalittletiring.—Oh,couldyoutellme?A.howdidyougototheparkB.whatyoudidinthetripC.thatyousawsomethingbeautifulD.ifyourfriendshadplayedwithyou()5.(2014-十堰)一Couldyoupleasetellme?—Ofcourse.ManypeopleinShiyanknowit.A.whereisMountWudangB.howcanIgettoWulongRiverC.whatisShennongjiafamousforD.iftherewillbeanewairportinShiyan狀語從句分類圖解分類連接詞例句時(shí)間狀語從句when/while/as,before,after,since,until,assoonasShewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.HeoftenwenttotheconcertwhilehestayedinBerlin.Ididn,tgotobeduntilshecameback.條件狀語從句if,aslongas,unlessI,llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday原因狀語從句because,since,as,forHedidn,tcatchthefirstbusbecausehegotuptoolate.Weshouldstudyhardsincewearestudents.目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthatPleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so...that/such...thatIt,ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.讓步狀語從句though/although,even,ifAlthoughit'sraininghard,theyarestillworkinghardinthefield.比較狀語從句than,as...as,notas/so...asHeranasfastasMike.【題組訓(xùn)練】()6.(2014-重慶)I,dliketohaveatry,Imayfail.A.sinceB.thoughC.untilD.after()7.(2014-杭州)Insummermilkwillquicklygobaditisputintoafridge.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once()8.(2014-德州)一Areyougoingout,Mike?It'sreallylatenow.—It,sthelastdaytobuyticketstothe2014FIFAWorldCupinBrazilImustgonow.A.ifB.orC.soD.though()9.(2014-濟(jì)寧)LauraopenedthedoorandrushedintotherainIcouldstopher.A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless()10.(2014-廣州)MumsaysIdomyhomeworknow,IcanwatchTVforanhourtonight.A.if B.thoughC.because D.while定語從句分類圖解分類引導(dǎo)詞例句關(guān)系代詞who,whom,which,that,whoseThemanwhoisworkingthereismybrother.This is thebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.關(guān)系副詞when,where,whyIstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.特例清單定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞只能用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，只能使用“that"。如:IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能為你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？(2)當(dāng)先行詞為all，any，much，many等詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。(3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能使用“出@1”。如：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.這是我度過的最美好的時(shí)光。(4)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能使用“出@1”。如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。⑸當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that"。如:Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.這將會(huì)是他可以得到的最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.他是唯一能幫你的人。(6)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能使用“出@1”。如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人。(7)當(dāng)主句是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時(shí)，只能使用“出@1”。如：Whichisthebookthatheborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday?哪本書是他昨天從圖書館借的？【題組訓(xùn)練】()11.(2014-隨州)一Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthebookyoulentmeyesterday.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.不填()12.(2014-河南)“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage-beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whom()13.(2014-黃石)FirstLadyPengLiyuanwaswateringtheflowerswerenamed“Cathy”withDutchQueenMaxima.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose()14.(2014-東營)WhensomeChinesewomenweredancingtoloudmusicinaparkinNewYork,thepeoplelivednearbycalledthepolice.A.who B.whomC.whoseD.which()15.(2014-黃岡)一Inatextmessage,88meansBye-bye.—AndanotherexampleisF2Fstandsforfacetoface.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it04整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化()1.一Doyouknowifourteamthematchtonight?—Itishardtosay.Iwilltellyoutheresultifourteam.A.wins;wins B.willwin;willwinC.wins;willwin D.willwin;wins()2.—IbelieveChineseastronautswillbeabletolandonthemoononeday.—Iagreewithyou.ButI,mnotsurewecanliveonit.A.that;if B.that;thatC.if;that D.if;if

()3.—AreyousureLiMinghasflowntoLondon?B.ifD.when—B.ifD.whenA.thatC.whether()4.—I,mworriedaboutIcanpasstheEnglishexam.A.if;thatC.that;if—A.if;thatC.that;ifB.whether;thatD.that;whether()5.一Doctor,couldyoutellme?—Oh,nothingserious.Hejusthasacold.Hewillbefinesoon.A.thattherewasanythingwrongwithmysonB.iftherewasanythingwrongwithmysonC.thatthereisanythingwithmysonD.ifthereisanythingwrongwithmyson()6.-Haveyoudecidedyou,llgotoHainan?一Notyet.Maybebyplane.A.when B.howC.where D.whether()7.—WhatdidJackaskyouaboutjustnow?—HeaskedmehowlongwhenIreachedthecinema.A.hadthefilmbeenon B.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadbeenon D.hadthefilmended()8.—Couldyoutellme?—Anengineer.Heworksinacomputercompany.A.whoyourfatherisB.whereyourfatherwasC.whatisyourfatherD.whatyourfatheris()9.—Hello,everyone!CanIjoinyou?—Sure,wearetalkingabout.A.whenshallwegotothecinemaB.howcanwegetthereC.whoshouldwegowithD.howwecanorganizethefarewellpartywell()10.—Ihearthatafamousdoctorwillcometoourcompany.—Doyouknow?A.whenwillhegiveatalkB.whenhewillarriveC.whatwillhetalkaboutD.howwillhecome()11.—Couldyoutellushowlong?—Aboutthreedays.A.doesthesportsmeetinglastB.thesportsmeetingwilllastC.didthesportsmeetinglastD.willthesportsmeetinglast()12.AlenwantedtoknowafteritgotoutoftheUFO.A.whatisthealiendoingB.whatthealienwoulddoC.wherewouldthealiengoD.wherethealienisgoing()13.---Didyouasktheguardhappened?---Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.A.what;that B.what;whatC.which;which D.that;that()14.Icanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.A.when;which B.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when()15.TheletterisfrommysisterisworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.who()16.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what()17.Thefactorywe'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich()18.Thisisoneofthebestfilms.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked()19.Canyoulen