高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及習(xí)題

高考英語(yǔ)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及習(xí)題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式。是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式.動(dòng)詞一般在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ).在句中可起名詞,形容詞,副詞的作用,在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ).即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作成分(重點(diǎn)考查)動(dòng)詞不定式是每年中考的必考點(diǎn)?？忌仨毲宄斡洸⒄莆詹欢ㄊ椒謩e可以在句中所作的成分及功能。作主語(yǔ)：Tolearnmathwellisdifficultforus.作表語(yǔ)：Herjobistodothedishes.作賓語(yǔ)(包括疑問(wèn)詞加不定式)：TheydecidedtovisittheGreatLakes.Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetrainstation?作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Theteacheraskedustoturnoffthelights.Hardseatsmakecustomerswanttoeatquicklyandleave.作定語(yǔ)：Ihavealotofbookstoread.作狀語(yǔ)：Tocatchthetrain,wehadtogetupearly.動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型(1)too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。如：Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.那個(gè)男孩太小不能照顧自己。(2)...enoughto...表示“……足夠……”。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到了上學(xué)的年齡了。“疑問(wèn)詞加動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：WhentogotoBeijinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.什么時(shí)候去北京還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。(作主語(yǔ))Ihaven’tdecidedyetwhentoleave.我還沒(méi)決定什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。(作賓語(yǔ))【注意】“疑問(wèn)詞加不定式”作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Canyoutellmewheretogetthescarf?=CanyoutellmewhereIcangetthescarf?你能告訴我哪里能買(mǎi)到這條圍巾嗎?習(xí)慣搭配法學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意哪些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞不定式，哪些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞，同時(shí)也要注意使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不同形式的句型，這樣許多問(wèn)題就會(huì)迎刃而解?？键c(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,keep,giveup等。如：Hehasn’tfinishedreadingthenovel.他還沒(méi)有看完那部小說(shuō)。WemustpracticespeakingEnglish.我們必須練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞在love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,need,remember,forget,try，stop等動(dòng)詞后，既可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同。如：1.stopdoingsomething停止做某事stoptodosomething停下來(lái)去做某事2.trydoingsomething嘗試做某事trytodosomething盡力去做某事3.forgetdoingsomething忘了做過(guò)某事forgettodosomething忘了要去做某事(未做)4.rememberdoingsomething記得做過(guò)某事remembertodosomething記得要去做某事(未做)5.needdoingsomething需要做某事(被動(dòng)含義)needtodosomething需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義)【注意】喜歡(enjoy),不斷(keep),提建議(suggest)，想要(feellike),介意(mind),完成(finish)，忍不住(can’thelp)，練習(xí)(practice)，這些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式?？键c(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞英語(yǔ)中的分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加ing構(gòu)成;過(guò)去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加ed構(gòu)成;現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成或被動(dòng)意義;現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，所修飾的人或物是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意思，所修飾的人或物是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。如：developingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家(正在發(fā)展的)developedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家(已經(jīng)發(fā)展了的)anexcitingfilm一部激動(dòng)人心的電影(修飾物)excitedaudience激動(dòng)的觀眾(修飾人)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考題訓(xùn)練(附解析)1.ThefrsttebooksforteachingEngishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcenturyA.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written2.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionatthemeeting-Well,nowiregretthatA.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone3.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyetA.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimA.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshardA.leamB.tolearnC.learnedD.hought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolost7.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.TheOlympicGames.in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying9.iwoudlovetothepartylastnightbutihadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone10.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworldA.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake11.Whenigotbackhomeisawamessagepinnedtothedoor__"Sorrytomissyou,wilcalllater.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading12.Thepurposeofnewfechnologiesistomakelifeeasier._itmoredificuitA.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake13.Robertissaid_abroad,butidon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedinA.tohavestudledB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying14.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__thenextyearA.carriedoutB.caryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout15.suchheavypollutionaready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriverA.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered16.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyitA.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen17.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce__nothingcanbedonetochangeitA.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun18.itissaidthatinAustraiathereismorelandthanthegovemmontknows_A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit19.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfireditheisfound_inthekitchenA.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked20.Shelooksforwardeveryspringtotheflower-inedgardenA.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin答案解析:1.D，表示“被動(dòng)、完成”用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。2.D。regretdoingsth表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到"后悔”:regrettosay/tell/inform/announce用以報(bào)告令人不快之事，表示對(duì)將要說(shuō)的話(huà)感到"遺憾、抱歉"。主語(yǔ)通常是|/we，regret用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.C。agree只能接不定式，在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)之后發(fā)生，用一般式，選C。4.A。根據(jù)句型telsb(not)todosth，排除C和D:當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的相同的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為避免重要。通常省略to后的內(nèi)容，只保留to，所以只有A對(duì)。5.B。makesbdosth的被動(dòng)式為sbbemadetodosth(某人被迫做某事)。6.C?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。Lostinthought=Ashewaslostinthought.belostinthought(沉思)是固定搭配:這類(lèi)習(xí)慣表達(dá)還有becaughtintherain(遺雨淋)，bedressedinred(穿著紅衣)，beseated(就座)等。7.c。本句是wernsb(not)todosth的械動(dòng)式。8.C。因TheOlympicgames與play是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和D;不定式的被動(dòng)式，表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，排除B。表示"被動(dòng)、完成，用過(guò)去分詞。9.B。wouldlove/like后面只能接不定式，排除C和D。表示過(guò)去未曾發(fā)現(xiàn)的原塑，后接不定式完成式，故選日。10.A。現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。11.D。句中read意為“有某字樣”，amessagepinnedtothedoor意為“釘在門(mén)上的一張紙條”，amessage與read是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。12.B?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。nottomakeitmoredifficult是與tomakeiteasier形成對(duì)比的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，兩者在句中作表語(yǔ)。13.A。由studied可知，他曾到國(guó)外留過(guò)學(xué)，"