中考中考數詞講解

中考中考數詞講解廣規(guī)則構成基數詞vl 不規(guī)則構成｛規(guī)則構成不規(guī)則構成數詞的分類與冠詞連用的不同意義數詞的分類數詞構成數詞分數Y、讀法｛構成讀法數詞的句法功能［數詞的應用及常考點清單考點一基數詞和序數詞1.基數詞表示數目的詞稱為基數詞。其形式如下:1-10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten11-19eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen這里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外，fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位形式后添加后綴-teen構成。20-99整數幾十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數形式后添加后綴-ty構成。表示幾十幾時，在幾十和個位基數詞形式之間添加連字符“-"。如：21twenty-one 76seventy-six(4)百位數1-9基數詞形式后加“hundred”，表示幾百，不是整百時在hundred后加上and。如：1-9基數詞形式后加hundred,表示幾百,不是整百時在hundred后加上and。如：101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight(5)從數字的右端向左端數起，每三位數加一個逗號“，”。從右開始，第一個“，”前的數字后添加thousand，第二個“，”前的數字后添加million,第三個“，”前的數字后添加billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示，兩個逗號之間最大的數為百位數形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16，250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandandsixty-four(6)表示“人的不確切歲數或年代”用幾十的復數形式。如：Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties.Itwasinthe1960s.2.序數詞表示順序的詞稱為序數詞。序數詞的主要形式：⑴從第一至第十九其中onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eight-eighth,nineninth,twelve-twelfth為特殊形式,其他的序數詞都是由其相對應的基數詞后面添加th構成。如：sixsixth,nineteen-nineteentho⑵從第二十至第九十九整數第幾十的形式由其對應的基數詞改變結尾字母y為i,再加eth構成。twentytwentieth, thirtythirtieth表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數詞形式后加上連字符“-”和個位序數詞形式一起表示。thirty-first第三十一 fifty-sixth第五十六 seventy-third第七十三⑶第一百位以上的多位序數詞由基數詞的形式變結尾部分為序數詞形式來表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二十一onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十(4)序數詞的縮寫形式有時，序數詞可以用縮寫形式來表示.主要縮寫形式有：first1st,second2nd,third3rd,fourth4th,twenty-third23rd注:在使用序數詞時，通常前面要加定冠詞the；但是如果序數詞前出現不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再一”，“又一”。如：We’llgooveritasecondtime.另外，基數詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可，不需要添加定冠詞。thefirstlesson LessonOne thefifthpage Page5考點二世紀，年代和年月日表示法.世紀可以用定冠詞加序數詞加世紀century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進數加’s表示。如：thesixth(6th)century公元六世紀the19007s二十世紀.年代用定冠詞及基數詞表示的世紀加十位整數的所有格或復數形式構成。inthe19307s/1930s在二十世紀三十年代.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠詞后、年代前添加early,mid-,heearly19207s在20世紀20年代早期inthemid-1950's在20世紀50年代中期.年月日表示法⑴年份用基數詞表示，一般寫為阿拉伯數字，讀時可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀、年代為單位分別來讀。如：1949讀作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nie1800讀作eighteenhundred253讀作twohundredandfifty-three或twofifty-three1902讀作nineteenhundredandtwo或nineteenotwo表示在哪一年，一般在年份前加介詞in,使用year時,year放在數詞之前。intheyeartwofifty-threeBC在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯數字。⑵月份縮寫形式除了May,June,July外，其他的月份都由其前三個字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan.一月 February-Feb.二月MarchMar.三月AprilApr.四月 AugustAug.八月 September-Sep.九月OctoberOct.十月 NovemberNov.十一月 December-Dec.十二月(3)日期用定冠詞the加序數詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。Mar.1st三月一日(讀作Marchthefirst或thefirstofMarch)考點三hundred,thousand和million的用法.基數詞在表示確切的數字時,不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復數形式；但是，當基數詞表示不確切的數字，如成百，成千上萬、三三兩兩時，基數詞則以復數形式出現。如：Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall..hundred,thousand和million用法總結具體數字+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名詞復數hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名詞復數考點四分數、小數和百分數.分數是由基數詞和序數詞一起來表示的?；鶖翟~作分子，序數詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情況下序數詞都要用復數形式。如：3/4threefourths或threequarters1/3onethird或athird.當分數后面接名詞時，如果分數表示的值大于1,名詞用復數；小于1，名詞用單數。1.5hours 4/5meter.小數用基數詞來表示,以小數點為界，小數點左邊的數字為一個單位，表示整數，數字合起來讀；小數點右邊的數字為一個單位，表示小數，數字分開來讀；小數點讀作point,0讀作zero或o,整數部分為零時,可以省略不讀。如：0.4zeropointfour或pointfour.百分數用“基數詞+percent”表示。50%fiftypercent題組訓練.peoplegoswimminginsummerinDalian.A.ThousandsB.ThousandsofC.ThousandsofD.Thousand.thestudentswilltakepartinthisEnglishspeechcontest.A.TwohundredofB.TwohundredsofC.HundredsofD.Hundredof.Hefailedtwice,buthetriedthirdtime..Jimisthetallerofthe.中考題解析gotabeautifulbikeonbirthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.fifteenthB.fifteenC.myfifteenD.myfifteenth解析:句意:在我十五歲生日時,我得到了一輛漂亮的自行車。我非常喜歡它。本題考查數詞。表示某人的第幾個生日要用序數詞。選D。ThevolunteerssentbookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren'sDay.A.twohundredsofB.twohundredofC.twohundredsD.twohundred解析:句意:志愿者們在兒童節(jié)給一所山村學校送去了200本圖書。本題考查數詞的用法。hundred與具體數字連用時用單數,而且后面也不接介詞of，故選D。IthinkofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexameasy.A.threefourths；is B.thirdfour；areC.threefourths；are D.threefourth；are解析:句意:我認為在考試開始時所聽材料的四分之三很容易。本題考查分數表達及主謂一致。英語中分數的表達法是:分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞，分子大于1時，分母用復數形式；分數+of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞要與of后面的名詞在數上保持一致，本題賓語從句的主語是復數名詞materials,故應該用are。選C。一、英語閱讀理解專項練習試卷1.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的（A、B、C和D）四個選項中選出最佳選項。Whenamanwaswalkingbysomeelephants,hesuddenlystoppedHewonderedwhythesehugeanimalswerebeingheldonlybyasmallropetiedtotheirfrontlegs.Nochains,nocages.Itwasclearthattheelephantscouldbreaktheropeatanytime,butforsonicreason,theydidnot.Hesawatrainernearbyandaskedwhytheanimalsjuststoodthereanddidn'ttrytogetaway."Well,"thetrainersaid,"whentheywereveryyoungandmuchsmaller,weusedthesameropetokeepthemfromrunningaway.Atthatage,it'senoughtoholdthem.Astheygrowup,theyareconditionedtobelievetheycannotbreaktilerope.Theybelieveitcanstillholdthem,sotheynevertrytobreakfree."Themanwassurprised.Theseanimalscouldbreakfleewhenevertheywanted,butbecausetheybelievedtheycouldn't,theywerestuckrightwheretheywere.Howmanyofusgothroughlifeliketheelephants-holdingontothebeliefthatwecannotdosomethingsimplybecausewefailedatitoncebefore?Failureisapartoflearning.Ifwefailedonce,itdoesn'tmeanwecanneversucceed.Ifwetryagainandagain,maybewewillsucceedoneday.Sodon'tbeafraidoffailureandkeepontrying.Whydidtheelephantsnevertrytobreaktheropeaftertheygrewup?A.Becausetheylikedbeingtied. B.Becausetheyweretooweaktobreakit.C.Becausetheydidn'twanttobreakit.D.Becausetheythoughttheycouldn'tbreakit.Theunderlinedword"stuck"inParagraph3means"".A.left B.caught C.killed D.foundWhatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?A.日ephantsshouldbesetflee.Failurecanhelpussucceed.Neverletfailurestopyoufromtryingagain.Peopleshouldlookaftertheelephantswell.【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C【解析【分析】本文主要介紹了一個男人看到大象被繩子綁住了一只腳而不逃走，由此引發(fā)對人生的思考。(1)細節(jié)題。根據原文提至“了Astheygrowup,theyareconditionedtobelievetheycannotbreaktilerope.Theybelieveitcanstillholdthem,sotheynevertrytobreakfree.可知大象小時候被綁住，長大了以后依然認為繩子可以拴住他們，故選D。(2)推斷題。根據原文提到了becausetheybelievedtheycouldn't,可知他們認為自己已經被這根繩子困住了，故選B。(3)主旨大意題。根據原文提至4了Ifwefailedonce,itdoesn'tmeanwecanneversucceed.Ifwetryagainandagain,maybewewillsucceedoneday.可知作者想告訴我們永遠不要被困難打倒，堅強起來，故選C。【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種常考題型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。2(2017?南充)根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.Imissedheralot.Iwasherfavoritegranddaughterandshewasmyfavoritegrandma.Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparatedandsoondivorced.Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.Ilivedwithmymotherforatime,nextdoortomygrandmaandgrandpainanapartmentwhilemyfatherwasawayduringWorldWarH.Grandmaneverhadmuchinthewayofmoneyormaterialthings.Butitwasthelittlethingsshegavemethatletmefeelwarm,likelettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.Thoughshedidn'thavemuch,shedidsomethingformybrotherandme.Iwillalwaysremembershesavedhercoinsinaglassjar.Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.Idon'trememberhowmuchwecollectedonourvisits,norwastheamount(數目)important.Itwastheideathatsherememberedus,andcaredaboutuswhenwewereawayfromher.Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewaseightyearsold?A.Shemovedawayfromhergrandma. B.Shemovedawayfromherparents.C.Shelivedwithhergrandparents. D.Shelivedwithheraunt.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divorced”meaninChineseinParagraph2?A.和好 B.打架 C.離婚 D.生氣Thewriter'sgrandmaallowedhertodomanythings.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A.Thewritercoulddipherfingersinthesugarbowl.B.Thewriterwasallowedtosipthecoffeefromhergrandma'scup.C.Thewritercouldsitonthetablewhilehavingmeals.D.Thewriterwasallowedtocollectcoinsinaglassjar.Forwhomdidthewriter'sgrandmasavehercoins?A.Forherson.B.Forhergrandchildren.C.Forthepoor. D.Forherself.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriterdislikedherchildhood. B.Thewritercomplainedaboutherparents.C.Thewritermissedhergrandmasomuch.D.Thewriterwantedtohavehergrandma'smoney.【答案(1)A(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)C【解析】【分析】文章大意：這篇短文主要介紹了作者祖母雖然沒有多少金錢或物質，但是通過用心的為孫子（女）做的小事情，讓作者感到非常的溫暖，感受到濃濃的愛。（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據短文開頭WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold,可知作者八歲時和祖父母分開了，故選A。（2）詞義猜測題。根據上文Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparated我的父母分居及后文Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.作者感到世界分崩離析，可知父母離婚了，故選C。（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據lettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬幣。故選D。（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither可知祖母是為了孫子（女）贊硬幣。故選B。（5）細節(jié)理解題。根據作者對祖母溫情的回憶，可知作者非常愛自己的祖父母，非常想念她。對比選項，故選C。【點評】閱讀考題中細節(jié)理解題和猜測詞義題屬于客觀題；主旨大意題和推理判斷題屬于主觀題。針對不同類型的題目，要在平時的練習過程中，結合具體的題目，給學生進行解題方法的指導和講解。對于客觀題，要提醒他們閱讀時關注文章的細節(jié)，如時間，地點或一些具體數字，在選擇答案時，務必從原文中找到確切的依據。3.閱讀理解Asayoungwoman,mymotherworkedinthekitchenofalargefarmownedbyFannyCratty.Shewashardworkingandhadaspecialskillinmakingdeliciousstrawberryjam.AuntFannywassingleandhadnochildren.Shedidn'tliketosharelovewithothers.Ithoughtshewasverylonely,althoughshedidn'tmindit.Shehadaworkshopwheremymotherhelpedhermakethebeststrawberryjam,andeveryoneinourtownboughtit.ButauntFannyaskedmymothernottotelltherecipe（秘方）ofmakingthestrawberryjamtoothers.Whenthestrawberrieswereripe,myfamilywouldpickthemtogether.Wetalkedandlaughed,experiencingthefunofpickingstrawberries.ButauntFannyneverjoinedus.Shejustaskedustopickstrawberriesquicklyandmakemorestrawberryjamtomakemoremoneyforher.Eachpersoninourtownsaidthatshejustpaidattentiontomoneyratherthananythingelse.Whatapoorwoman!It'snousehavingtoomuchmoneybecauseshehadnofamilyandfriendstoshareherhappinessduringherlifetime.MaybeitwastherecipethatbroughtsuccesstoauntFanny.Buttome,itwasjustacommonrecipe.Moneycanmakeyoufeelrichforawhile,butitisthebeautifuldaysspentwithfamilyandfriendsthattrulymakeyourich.Whoownstherecipeofmakingthebeststrawberryjam?A.Thewriter'smother.B.Thewriter.C.AuntFanny.D.Fanny'smother.WhydopeopleinthetownthinkauntFannyispoor?Becausesheneededtoworkhardinherworkshop.Becauseshepaidattentiontonothingexceptmoney.Becauseshehadnoclosefriendstosharedhersuccess.Becauseshealwaysthoughtofhelpingothersratherthanherself.—Whatdoesthelastword“rich”meaninthispassage?—Itmeans.A.thesuccessofmakingstrawberryjamB.havingtherecipeandmuchmoneyC.thehappiness,one'sfamilyandfriendsD.owningabighouseandthelargefarm【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)C【解析【分析】短文大意：作者的媽媽擁有一種特殊的制作美味草莓醬的技巧。每年她幫助范妮姨媽做最好的草莓果醬，但范妮姨媽不讓她把制作草莓醬的配方告訴別人。鎮(zhèn)上的每個人都說范妮姨媽只關注錢而不是其他的東西。都認為她可憐，因為她沒有家人和朋友在她的一生中分享她的幸福。而作者認為使你真正富有的是與家人和朋友一起度過的美好時光。是親情與友情。(1)A細節(jié)理解題。根據短文中的句子“Shewashardworkingandhadaspecialskillinmakingdeliciousstrawberryjam.”她很勤勞，有一種特殊的制作美味的草莓醬的技巧?？芍髡叩膵寢寭碛兄谱髅牢兜牟葺u的食譜。答案為A。(2)C細節(jié)理解題。根據短文中的句子“Eachpersoninourtownsaidthatshejustpaidattentiontomoneyratherthananythingelse.Whatapoorwoman!It'snousehavingtoomuchmoneybecauseshehadnofamilyandfriendstoshareherhappinessduringherlifetime.”可知，除了錢之外他什么也不關注。都認為她可憐，因為她沒有家人和朋友在她的一生中分享她的幸福。答案為C。(3)C詞意猜測題。根據短文最后的句子“butitisthebeautifuldaysspentwithfamilyandfriendsthattrulymakeyourich/使你真正富有的是與家人和朋友一起度過的美好時光。故答案為C。4.根據短文內容，選擇正確答案。CIarrivedatmymother'shomeforourSaturdayfamilydinner.Thesmellsoffoodflewoverfromthekitchen.Mymotherwaspullingoutquiltafterquiltfromtheboxes,proudlyshowingmetheirbeauties.Iknewtheywereallmadeherself.ShewaspreparingforaquiltshowonTV.Whenwebegantofoldandputthembackintotheboxes,Inoticedsomethingatthebottomofonebox.Ipulleditout."What'sthis?"Iasked."Oh?"Momsaid,"That'sMama'squilt."Ispreadthequilt.Itlookedasifagroupofschoolchildrenhadmadethepiecestogether."Grandmothermadethis?"Iaskedinsurprise.Mygrandmotherwasamasteratmakingquilts.Thiscertainlydidn'tlooklikeanyofthequiltsshehadmade."Yes,rightbeforeshedied.Ibroughtithomewithmelastyearandmadesomechanges,"Momsaid,"I'mstillworkingonit.See,thisiswhatI'vedonesofar."Ilookedatitmoreclosely.Shehadmadealinestraight.Atthecenterofthequilt,shehadstitchedapieceofclothwiththesewords:"Mymothermademanyquilts.Shedidn'tgetalllinesstraight.ButIthinkthisisbeautiful.Iwanttoseeitfinished.Herlastquilt.""Oh,thisissonice,Mom."Isaid.Iwassurenowthatbycompletingmygrandmother'squilt,mymotherwashonoringherownmother.IrealizedthatIheldinmyhandsafamilytreasure.Itstartedwiththelovinghandsofonewoman,andcontinuedwiththelovinghandsofanother.Whenthewritergothome,hismother.A.wascookingdinner B.waspreparingforaquiltshowC.waswatchingTV D.waschanginghermama'squiltHowdidthewriter'smotherdealwithhermama'slastquilt?ShetookittoaTVshow.Shebroughtithomeandmadesomechanges.Shegaveittoherdaughterasafamilytreasure.Shemadesomechangeswithagroupofchildren.Theword"stitched"inthesixthparagraphprobablymeansinChinese.A.畫出 B.剪開 C.寫下 D.縫上WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Thewriterwantedtoknowwhattheirfamilytreasurewas.Thewriter'smotherwantedtolearnhowtomakeabeautifulquilt.Thewriter'smotherwantedtohonorherownmamabyfinishingthequilt.Thewriter'smotherwantedtotakehermama'squiltstotheshow.【答案】(1)B(2)B(3)D(4)C【解析【分析】本文通過母親的被子描寫子女對母愛的緬懷和傳承。⑴細節(jié)理解。根據第一段Mymotherwaspullingoutquiltafterquiltfromtheboxes,proudlyshowingmetheirbeauties.Iknewtheywereallmadeherself.ShewaspreparingforaquiltshowonTV可知媽媽把所有的被子者B拿出來要參加一個電視上的被子展覽。故選B。⑵細節(jié)理解。根據第五段"Yes,rightbeforeshedied.Ibroughtithomewithmelastyearandmadesomechanges,"可知是在作者的外祖母去世前做的，作者的母親去年把它拿回家進行了修改。故選B。⑶詞義猜測。根據句意：在被子的中心，她…?一塊有字的布。故選D。⑷細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段Iwassurenowthatbycompletingmygrandmother'squilt,mymotherwashonoringherownmother可知作者的母親通過完成她媽媽的被子以紀念她。故選C?！军c評】這是一篇記敘文，快速瀏覽文章，弄清作者寫作的意圖。答題時注意問題中的關鍵詞在文章中的準確定位，根據關鍵詞查找信息，切忌主觀臆斷，憑感覺做題5.閱讀理解TherearefewfamiliesintheUnitedStatesthatdonothaveeitheraradiooratelevisionset.Bothofthemhavebecomenecessarypartsofourdailylife,keepingusAmericansfilledwiththenewsoftheday,teachingusinmanyfieldsofinterest,andmakingushappywithsinging,dancingandacting.Marconi,theItalianinventor,whogaveustheradio,probablydidn'tknowhowmuchhisgreatinventionwouldhavedonefortheworldintheyearstocome.Radiohad,perhapsdoneasmuchasanyothercommunicationtool.Thingsoftheworldcanbereportedtopeopleeverywhereafewsecondsaftertheyhappen.Travellersinout-of-the-wayplaces,shipsatseaandevenastronautsaroundtheEarthareabletokeepintouchwitheachotherbyradio.Televisionisanotherimportantinvention.Itletsusseeaswellasheartheactor.Sinceitsappearance,TVhasdoneagreatdealinthedailylife